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^ 



^4^-1 



* t t 



CO 



f r 



THE 









S V R V E Y 



W 



OF 



CORNWALL. 



AND 



Aq epistle concerning the ExcELLENctBt 
of the ENGLISH TONGUE. 



By Richard Car b^w, of Antonie, Efq; 



€-^*^ 



WITH 

The LIFE of the A U T H O R, 

By H**** C***** Efq. 






A NEW EDITION. 



LONDON, 
rriated for B. L a w» ia ATe-Maiy-Lane ; and J. H B w i T T, at Pensuce' 







\ 



\ -- V 



• 



r^ ' 



LIST of the SUBSCRIBERS, 



A. Copies. 

SIR John St. Aubyn, of Clowance, Baronet 2 a 

Rev. Mr. Jcrveys Allen, of Hellion 
Thomas Saunders Allen of St. Juft, Attorney, at Law 
Alexander Allen, Purfer of the Wolf Sloop of War 
John Antony, of St. Ives 
John Antony, junior, of St. Ives 

Jofeph Beard, of Penzance . . ;,. ♦ 

John Batten, jun. of ditto. Merchant 
Jofeph Batten, of ditto 

John Blewett, Efq. of Marazim 4 

George Borlafe, Attorney at Law, of Penzance 
Waiiam Baftard, of Exon J 
Jofeph Batten 

John Beard, jun. of Penzance^ Merchant 
Capt. Barkley, of the Wolf Sloop of War 
Rev. Mr. William Borlafe, of Zennor . 
William Borlafe, LL.D. of Ludgvan, F. R, S. 
James Bennett 

Capt. Thomas Braithwaite, of Falmouth . 
James Bonithon, of Penzance/ : 
Rev. Mr. Jacob BuUoc]^, of Wendron 
Francis Benallock 

James Bower, of Loftwithiel ) - . 

James Baron, of ditto 
Thomas Bennet 
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John Bawden, Exon . . 

A 2 Nicholas 



Liji of the Subfcribcrs. 

C- Copies 

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Mn Carlylj'of Marazion 

Hymphrey Cole, Attorney at Law, of ditto 

David Cloak, Surgeon^ of Penzance 

William Cornifli, oF Miaras^iqri' 

Capt. Thomas Caflctt, of Plyrtibuth 

Richard CaAje; of Falnj'dutfh^ Merchant 

Coleman, ftfaVrfe; afnd Co. Mibrcfiarits af Briflol- ^ 

Henry Coleman, Efq, of Market Harbbrbugh\Lciecft*flhJit^' 

Henry Coleman, Efq, LeicefKr • - -. 

David Dennis, Attorney at Law, of Pensafibd 

John Deonis, of ditto 

James Donirhorne, of Marazion 

Thomas Daniel, of Truro, Efij. 

John Dyer, of Pettryn . 

William Dawkin, Efq. of Kilvough; ffear.SwtaR*y;iir Wafe¥ 

Robert Dunkin, of Penzance 

; J£. 
William Ellis, Efq. of Pefltance c 

Charles Streater Ellis^ Of ditto 
James Edwards*, of ditto; McrcfatAt 
Hugh Edwards, Attorney at Law, St. Ives 
Thomas Ennys, of Rt^di'tith 

F. 
Mifs C.Foley 

Rev. Mr. Fiflier, of Marazion 
Edward Freeman, of Loftwithiel 

G. 
Thomas Glynn, jun. of Helfton, 4Efa. 
Charles Gwavas, of Penzance, MefcnaTft % 

^ Pafcoe Grenfell, of Marazion, Mfercliafat 
r John GrenfcU, of Penzance, Merchant 

Richard 



Lift of th Suhfcriiefs.^ 

Kchard Jcrvcys Gryles, Attorney at Law, of Hclfton. Copie* 

Andrew Gaytofd^tof Briflol 

Mifs Jane Gilbert, of St. Ives 

Thomas Glanvile, of Loftwithiel 

Rev. Mr. Edward Giddy, of St. Earth 

Thomas Giddy, of Truro, Surgeon 

William Giddy, of ditto 

H. 
Richard Hichens, of Penzance, Attorney at Law % 

• Capt. John Halfe, of Redruth 
Rev* Mr. Edward Hobbs, of Sancrete 
John Hawkins, Efq. of Helfton 
Rev. Mr. John Holken, of Menaccan 
Thomas Hacker, of J^enzance 
Ifaac Head, Efq. CoUecbor of his Majefty's CuftMm \» the' 

mandsofScilly 
William Holbeck, Gent. Com. of Trinity CoU Oxford, 5^» 
Captain Peter Hill, of Falmouth 
John Hall 

John Hewett, of Plymouth-dock 
John Hurd, of Birmingham 

Chriftophcr Harris, Efq. Keneggy 6 

Nathanial Hicks, of St. Ives 
Rev: Mr. Haydon, Lilkeard 
Samuel Hick, of Loftwithiel 
fedward Harford, of Briftol 
John Ho(king, of Madron 
John Howell, of Penzance 
John Hall, of StoSbrd, Devonfhire 

L 
William John, of Penzance, Merchant 
John James, of Ncwlyn, ditto . 
Capt. John James, of Marazion 
William James, of Redruth 
Irhomas John, of Penzance, Merchant 
John James, of Su Agnes 

Jbha 



r 

V 



Lijt of the Suhfcribers. 

K. • Copies. 

John Knill, Efq, Colleftorof hisMajcfty'sCuftoms at St. 1 vcs 
John Keir, Surgeon, of Marazion s 

J. Kimber, Attorney at Law, of Fowcy 

Thomas Love, of Newlyn 

Stephen Luke, of Penzance 

Maddren Legoe, of St. Juft 

John Ley, of St. Ives, Merchant 

Rev. Mr, Lane, of St. lyes 

John Luxmore, Efq. of Oakhampton, Devon. 

Samuel Luly, of Penzance, . 

Rev. Mr. Philip Lyne, Vicar of Lefkard 

TobMs Lanyon, Efq. Penzance 

M. 
Jofeph Michell, of Penzance 
Henry Michell, of ditto 
James Michell, of Marazion 
John Michell, of Chyandower 
James Moore, of Penzance 
Thomas Mathews, of St. Ives 
Herbert Mackworth, Efq. Exon 
Henry Mudge, of Truro 
Robert Michell, of ditto 
Mathias Michell, of Penzance 

N. 
Rev. Mr. Newton, of Sithney 
William NichoUs. Efq. of Trercifc 
John Nancarrow, jun. of Marazion 
Charles Newman, of Falmouth 
Rev. Mr. Newton, of Briftol 
Thomas NichoUs, of Penzance 
B. Nankivell, of St. Agnes 

P. 
John Price, Efq. ^ 

John Pender, of Penzance, Merchant 

Benjamin 



Lift of the Suhfcribers. 

Benjamin PidwcU, of Penzance Copies, 

Rev. Mr. James Parkin, Lcfturer of ditto 
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John Pearfe, Surgeon, of ditto 

William Penrofe, of ditto 

Thomas Pafcoe, \ of ditto 

Jofias Perry, Surgeon, of Langdon, Devon 

James Pafcoe, Attorney at Law, of Penzance 

Rev. H. Parker, D.D. Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford 

William Price, Surgeon, at Redruth 

Daniel Pryor, of Penzance 

Henry Philips, of St. Ives, Merchant 

Rev. Mr. Richard Pcarce, of St. Buryan 

Thomas Penrofe, Attorney at Law, of Penzance 

R. 
Thomas Robyns, Efq. at Penzance 
Thomas Rodda, of Marazion 
Geoi*ge Rippar, of ditto 
David Richard, of ditto 

Charles Raflileigh, of St. Aurtle, Attorney at Law 
Thomas Read, of Penzance 
Charles Rawlinfon, of Marazion 
Stephen Robinfon, jun. of Bridport 
Samuel Rodda, of Marazion 

Walter Stone, of Penzance 

John Stone, of ditto 

George Scobell, Efq. ColIeAor of his Majefty's Cuftoms at 

Penzance 
John Stackhoufe, Efq. of Pendarves 
William Stackhoufe, Efq. of Trehane 
William Sincock, of Marazion 
Edward Stevens, of St. Ives 
William Stevens, of ditto 
'Thomas Slade, of ditto 
Mils Sarah Stephens, of ditto 
.William Skues, of Heliton 

" •: " John 



Lift of the Subfcrihru 
John Stott, of Ludgv^n, Efq. CppicJ. 

William Stevens, of Briftol * 

Francis Spcrnon, Surgeon, in Loftwithiel 
Rev. Mr. Smith, of St. Juft 
John Smith, Truro 

T. 
Thomas Trenwith, Efq. of St. Ives 
John Trengroufc, Surgeon, of ditto 
Richard Treeve, of Penzance 
Uriah Tonkin, Efq. of ditto 
William Tregurtha, of ditto 
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Jofeph Tovcy, of ditto 
Rev. Mr. James Tonkin, of ditto 
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Rev. Mr. Trevennen, of Cambron 
George Trewcekc, Surgeon, of Penzance 
Jofeph Taylor, of Briftol 
J. Trcvethan, Attorney at Law, of Redruth 

U. 
George Veale, Attorney at Law, of PetizaQce 
William Uftickc, Efq. of Nanfidveroc 

W, 
Rev. Mr. Williams, of Crowan 
Dionyfius Williams, of Penzance, F.R.S. 
Samuel Woodis, of ditto 
John WiUiams^.Officcr of Excifc 
•Matthew Wills, Surgeon, of Helfton 
Richard Williams, Marazion 
Rev. Mr. Anthony Williams,. 6f St.' Kevernc 
Philip Webber, Attorney at Law, FaloiQuih 
George Woodis, of Penzance 
John Wcfton, Efq. of lUuggan ' 
^^oJ^d^^ Wharton, A. M. Fellow of'Tmify-Cdttf^^ 

THE 



(ix) 









The Life (?/^ Richard Carew 
(ij^ Antonie Efq\ 

By Hl^G H C******* Efqj 

\1CHARD CAREW, the Celebrated Author 
of thjB Survey ^Cornwall, was born of an 
-afiticnt Family at Eafi-Antmie {a\ the Scat 
, ^cSbojo^^ of his Anccftors, in the Year 1555, if iw 
l)I0I090Kji( may credit Mr, Wood (h). He was the 
Son of ^homd^ Careuo by Elizabeth Edge^ 
cumb^ Daughter to Sir Richard Edgecumb^ a Gentleman, 
fays our Author (c)^ in iphom MUdneJs and Stoutnefs, 
D^dence and Wifdom, Ddiberatenefs oJVndertakingj and 
&ufficiency ofEffeBing, made a more commendable, than 
blazing mixture of Vertue. He adds, that Sir Richard, 
at his fine Houfc, call'd to this day Mount --Edgecumb, 

•* during Queen Mary\ iReign, entcrtain'd at one time, 

• 

{a) Im tbi Eafiirn Parts ^Cornwall, wthinfim Miliss/Flymouib. 
0) Anth. Wood Athcn. Oxon. vol. i. c. 452, 24 Edit. 
(c) 7h€ Survey of Cornwall, fol. 100. 

a- ^ for 



The hl^'E of 

** for fome good fpace, the Admirals of the Englijh, 
<« Spafftjh^ and Netherland Fleets, with many Nobkmcn 
«* bcfides." But 9 purfucs he, not too much of this y lejfa 
partial jiffeSlion Jiealy as unawares ^ into my Commendation^ 
as one^ by my Mother y defcendedfrom his Loins, and by my 
Birth a Member of the Houfe (dj. 

Bat Mr. Carew hath given us an account of his An- 
ceftors, which 1 fhall fet down here, that the Reader 
may fee they were no lefs diftinguiflied by the great 
Eftaies in their poffeffion, than by the Noble Families 
they were aljyed to. Speaking of the Lyrier^ whith, 
with the Tamer, difcharges itfclf into the Sea above 
Plymouth ; " A little within this Mouth of Lyner,fays 
** he (e), ftandeth Eaji-jintonie, the poore home of 
*' mine Ariceftours, with which in this manner they 
*' were in veiled : 
«* Sir John Lerchedekne — ——of AJhton in Devon.*' 

" Touching our Stock in general, purfues our Au-- 
'* M^r (f), and my Family in particula r ■ ■ our 
" Queen." 

The Pregnancy of his Parts being much above his 
Age, he was fent to Oxford in the Year 1 566, being then 
but eleven Years old, and *' (g) became a Gentleman 
«' Commoner oiChrifi Church but had his Cham- 
ber in Broadgates Hall :" And three Years after he was 
call'd to difpute with the incomparable Sir P^/7/j^ 5/^i^^, 
who was a Year older than ht (h). 

Dr. Fuller ZT\ A Mr. JVood have taken notice of this 
memorable Difpute, without mentioning from whence 

(<0 TbiSwxty ofCorntuMil, fpl. loo. (i) Ibid. fol. 102. 

(/J Ibid. fol. 103, 104. CgJ Wood, ubi fupra. 

(hj Sir Philip Sianey iias torn in J 554. Wood ibid. c. 226. 

they 



Richard Carew Efq\ xi 

they had that Particular, which, as wc have feen al- 
ready, is related by Mr. Carew himfelf. •* He was 
'^bredj^^j Z)r. Fuller (i)^ ^ Gentleman-Cofrimoner m 
«' Oxford \ where, be ing.buty^ttr/^^w Years old, and yet 
<< three Years {landing, he was call'd out to difputc ex 
** tempore^ before the Earls of Leicejier and JVarwick. 
•^ with the matchlefs Sir Philip Sidney. 

*• Si quaritis hujus 
** F$rtimam pugna^ non ejifuperdtus ab illo. 

" Ask you the End of this Conteft ? 

'* They neither had the better^ both the bcft." 



« 



Mr. Wood cxpreflcs it thus : ** At fourteen Years of 

hgt^fays he fkjf he difputed ex tempore with the 
" matchlefs Philip Sidney^ (while he was a young (I) 
•* Man, I fuppofc) in the prcfcncc of the Earls of Lei^ 
** ce/ler^ fFarwici, and other Nobility, at what time 
•* they were lodged in Chri/i^Church, to receive enter- 
" tainment from the Mufes/' 

Mr. fFood fays afterwards, that •* After Mr. Carew 
'* had fpent three Years in Oxon, he retired to the 

Middle Temple, where he fpent 3 Years more" f^mj ; 
which may be true, tho' he brings in no Authority for 
it. But what he adds, that '' then he was fent with his 
*« Uncle (Sir George Carew as it feems) in his Em- 
'* baflage unto the King of Poland ; whom when he 
^' came to Dantzick^ he found that he had been newly 

(i) Tit Hiftcty eftbt Worthies ^England, p. 20C- (k) Ubi fupr. 
(IJ What Mr. Wood means hy ibis Partmbefis, lliovi to the Reader to de* 
ttrmine. (m) Ibid. 

a 2 ** gone 



cc 



Jcii The LIFE of 

" gone from thence into Sweden^ whither alfo he went 
•* after him :" And that " After his return, and a (hort 
" ftay made in England^, he was fent by his Father into 
** France with Sir Hen. Neviil, who was then Ambafla* 
'' dor Leiger unto K» Hen. 4. that he might learn the 
•* French Tongue, which by reading and talking, he 
** overcame in three quarters of a Year :" AH this, I 
fay, cannot hold, if it be true that, tho' he underftood 
Italian^ French^ High-Dutch^ and Spanifh, he had never 
been out of England ; as his Countryman Charles Fitz^ 
geffry feems to aflcrt in the following Compliment 
to him : 

^is Deus tibi tarn bene invocatus (n)^ 
DifertiJJiTne miUium trecentim 
ldemq\ optme omnium CAR^E, 
{Beu quTs multiplicem erudittonem^ 
Seu quis, quo magis emicas elenchum 
Morum ponderet elegant iorumf 
Virtutumqi tot auream coronam) 
^is finquamj Deus f6 Deus profeSlo I) 
Tantis tejpoliis^ tot & trophais 
Terrarum heupietat exterarum^ 
Domi perpetuo interim morantem 
Et Hbris patriaque fervientem t 
1^^ Gratj tibi^ quo tibilAXini 
Aufipondera tanta ? quow Hetrufci, 
GalH, Teutones, invidiq; Iberi 
Tarn affaiim te opibusjuis bearunt f 

(n) Caroli Fitzgeofridi Jffimi^: Jtvi Bipigrammatum Lriri ires (Sc, Oxotu 
l^oi, in 8vo. Lib. 5. £p. 33. 

A O 



44 



44 



Richard Carew E/^; xiii 

OJl tot Deus 0ra^ totq\ Knguas 
Mihi indulferity ut tuas referrem 
Laudes:, quot dedit ora quotqi linguae 
Ti^i uno Deus ore^ lingm in una? 

I may add, thil Mr. Carew, in his Survey of Corn^ 
wall, giving an account of the eminent Men born in 
that Dutchy, reckons among the Civilians DoBor Ca^ 
rew {o) : " In the Civil hzvfyfays he fpj^ there lived of 
** late Doftor Kennals^ and now fqj doth Dodlor Carew^ 
one of the antienteft Mafters of the Chancery ; in 
which Calling, after his younger Years fpent abroad 
to his benefit, he hath repofcd himfclf." 
He mentions him again among the Perjbns employed 
in State Affairs, and therethrough ft ept to Priferment (r)^ 
** Mafier George CareWy fays he, in his younger Years 
*' gathered fuch Frqit as the Uciiverfity, the Inns of 
•' Court, and Foreign Travel could yield him. Upon 
♦'his Return, he was firft call'd to the Bar, then 
** fupply'd the Place of Secretary to the Lord Chan- 
** celloj Hatton i and after his Deccafe, performed 
" the like Office to his two Sqcceffors, by fpecial Re- 
** commendation from her Majcfty, w'ho alfo gave him 
" the Prothonotary(hip of the Chancery ; and in anno 
" 1598 fent him Ambaflador to the King of Po^ 
** landt and other Northern Potentates, wliere through 
** uncxpcded Accidents, he untlcrwent extraordinary 
** Perils 3 but God freed hLjn from them, and be per- 

(0) Aftirnxards Sir Gcorgc Carew. ^pj purvey, fof, 59. -wr. 

" fqJ Tbt Survey of Cornwall luas puhltjhid im tbi Tear l6o2, 
(rj Ibii fol. 6i. • 

** formed 



xiv 7^^ LIFE of 

" formed his Duty in acceptable manner : And at this 
" prcfent the Commonwealth ufcth his Service, as a 
« Matter of the Chancery." 

Had our Author attended this worthy Perfon in his 
Embaffies, it is hardly poffible he (hould not have taken 
fome notice of it here; being elfcwhere fo ready lo 
honour himfelf with the Friendftiip or Acquaintance of 
the Great Men of his Time, 

As to what Mr. ^Wadds, vi%. that Mr. Carew was 
fent by his Father into France with Sir Henry Nevill .... 
that he might learn the Frendi Tongue, &c. I am afraid 
he hath miftaken our Author for his Son, who, in efFeft, 
went into France with a Nevill, in order to learn the 
French Tongue ; as it appears by the following Verfes 
of the aforefaid Fitzgeffry, upon his Return. 

Ad (s) RICHARDUM CARMUM, Ri. Filium, 
i Gallijs reducem. 

Melligo juvenum Caraee, quotquot 
Damnoni occiduis alunt in oris : 
Ecquid Fama Jinijlinue ftj auricellae 
Verisfe injinuat meajufurris, 
Te longaperegrinitates omnes 
Exanclajfe fvj molejiias, marifqi 
Emenfum omnia tadia, ad parent es 
Patremqi unanimum, piamq-, matrem, 
Membrorum incolumijiatu redijfe, 
Onujium omnigena eruditionis 

(s) Vhlfitfr. Bpi. 40. (t) lj^(^sfaitim^. (vj Leg, cxantlaflc. 

Gazis 



Richard Carew Efq\ xv 

Gazis & Spo/iis, quot aut Camana 
Dant vanum emporio Lotetiano 
jtut culto Aureliae «r^/V in hycceo. 
^a tibi Aonii latus NEVILLI 
PfKebaumq', TKEL AVmVM/equufo 
Aulam invifere curiamq\ magni 
Kcgis' contigiff amulam tonantis. 

At 6 Liligeri potentis Aula^ 
Mtatem benijit tibu quod almum 
CAREUM mod6 patria palriq; 
Poji dtfiderium utriufqi longum^ 
Sa/vumq; incoJumenq; reddtdijii. 

At tu nan modb Jiemmatum opumqi 
Veritm & laudis & eruditionis 
Patrita genuinus artis hares 
Crefce infpem patria^ hojiium timer es, 
Patris delicias^ Elifa amores^ 
Donee coneilijs fenex^ at on 
Et membris juvenis fat intigellus (x) 
Totum Neftora vixeris, tut/q. 
Album feceris Alhion^i fa^is : 

Melligojuvenum CARiEE quotquot 
Damnoni occiduis alunt in oris. 

Learning is not only ufeful, but neccflary in all Con- - 
ditions and States of Life ; but I will prefume to fay, 
that it \% more particularly fo to all Gentlemen^ who 
arc allotted to live in the Country, And if they can- 
not pafs their leifure Hours in reading, or cultivat- 
ing Arts and Sciences, they will fpcnd that time in '^ 

(jp) Leg. integellus. 

fuch 



xvi 7:5^ L I F E ^/ 

fuch things as Itiuft fee detrimental to tlieir Families^ 
and, at the end, fatal to ?hcir own Perfons. Oar Au- 
thor could never fall into thofe Inconveniences: He 
loved Letters, and not only made them ftabfervient.to 
his own Entertainment, but fotnetixrucs ufefuJ to the 
Publick. 

As he was a great Maftcr of Languages, he delivered 
his Opinion upon the true ^md ready may to iearn the 
Latin Tongue^ in anfwerio a ^^re^ Whether the ordinal 
ry way by teaching Latin hy the Rules of Grammar^ he the 
bejl way for Youths to learn it fyj ? He wrote liiewife 
a Differtation, (hewing the Excellency of the Englifli 
Tongue fz) : and publifhcd a Tranflation of the Examen 
de Ingenios para las Sciencias^ wri^tteo by Juan Huerte, 
that ingenious and learned Spanijh Phyfidan. It was- 
printed at London in 1594, with this Title : The Exa- 
mination of Mens Wits. In wh'ich^ iy difcovering the Va- 
riety of Natures^ isjhewedfor what Profeffhn each ^ne is 
apt^ and how far he pall prtfit therein faj. 

His Proficiency in natural Philofophy, enabled him to 
improve Agriculture and Husbandry to fuch a degree, 
that he was accounted among his Neighbours, the 
greateji Husband^ and tnofi %txcellent Manager of Bees 
in Cornwall (b). 

The Enquiries he had made into the Hiftory and 
Antiquities of Nations^ and chiefly of Great Britain^^ 
engaged him to attempt a Deicription of Cornwall; as 
it is natural to every Man to have a particular Fond** 
nefs for his native Country : 



(yj li was primtidiu 1654. Sti Wood, obi fupr. c. 453. 

(z) This I mverfaw printed. (a J Wood, ibid, (i) Ibki. 



Nefcio 



Richard Carbw Efqi xvii 

< Nefcio qud natalejolum dulcedtne cunStos 
Dudtj & immemores nonjinit effefui. 

This he only undertook for his private Sattsfadion 
and Entertaintiient ; but was afterwards prevailed upon 
by his. Friends to publifli it, as we fhail fee anon. Mr. 
'Camden^ who had fcen it, and was an excellent Judge in 
thofe Matters, thought himfclf obliged "to do juftice 
both tQ the Author and bis Performance, in the firft< 
Edition o( his Britannia, printed in the Year 1586: 
^* But thefc Matters ffays he, at the end of his Account 
** 2/^ Cornwall) will be laid open more tdiftindtly and 
** fully, by Richard Carewoi Antonie, k'Pcrfon no left 
*' eminent for his honourable AnceflforSj; than his own 
•^ Virtue and Learning, who is writing a Dcfcription of 
•^ this Country, not in little, but at large/' Sedhac 
flanitis & pleniiis docebit Richardus Carew de Antonie, 
non minus generis fplendore, quam virtute & doBrina no^ 
bilis ; qui hujus regionis defcriptionem htiorejpecie, & non 
ad tenue elimat (d). 

Our Author's Knowledge in the Laws, his Love for 
Juftice and Equity, and his AflFedtion to the Govern- 
ment, rais'd' him to all the Pofts of Honour, that are 
confiftent with a Country Life, Mr. ff^ood zffMves us ^ej^ 
that he was made Jufiice of the Peace in 1581, High-^ 
Sheriff of Coxnv^zW in 1586, and about that time was 
the S^tfeens Deputy for the' Militia. And indeed we 
find in his Survey of Cornwall, that he was Juftice of 

(d) Briunnia, &c. * Londini I586> in 8vo. 
(ej Ubi fopr, c. 452, 

b the 



imij Tift L IF E »f 

the Peace, and one of the ^orum»-(/J : and that in the 
Year 1599, <Sir ^«&«r jRWajfA bciflg tfaeo Lieutenant 
General of CornxaaS) Mr. Carm> was omc of the Deputy 
Lieutenants, Treafurcr of the Lieutenancy, and Colonel 
of a Rc^Hncat« ooofiftiog of five CompviicM, or 500 
Mea, &ra»ed with 170 Pikes, 300 Mufquexs, and 30 Ca^ 
liwers, 4fi^iated fof Caufam B^ (g). 

There was 9i that tioie a Society of fev^ral GeiMJpi- 
flUB^ eminent for tbeir Learning and Merit, ibcsh a« 
Sir Haitert Coitmt Mr- IXodderidgt, (aftc«vards Sir J^^j^Ji^ 
Dodderidgey^hxi died one of the Judges of tb^: KingV 
aeach) Mi^. Camden^ Mr. St4>m, ^£. -vrho bjni regu- 
iar Meecii^. or ConiiBreuces, for the In)prpven»eiit 
' ftod muftration of the Hiftory a«d Anaqjwies of Eng* 
kmL That Society had a particular Ciaia> to otir Au* 
thor; and ^ 15.&9 he was dle&ed a Member <f the 
CaUege of the Mtiquarief (h). The Oration he (Qad« 
ax hifi lotrodti^ioi^ coatained^ (as I am io£brmed by » 
GcntioaajB who fawit) ** an d^gam Difplay of the D«- 
" va^atioM Tiwc ib Xwiffly inake« upon ali ihii^i. 
** thence it fobfides to the Advantages and CoQuncnda" 
** tioM of that Jund <A Study, they had chofea to he the 
** SdbjcA of xheir Coafereoces: andooRpiudcs w'vh % 
** patbetical ExfaoTitatioo to his Awdiiory, That they 
** wouJd perfevefe jn eftablii(hi«g what {bey had £» aok 
" hly begun, and oomioiieiiQ oa^aloy <h(6«r Labouns 1^ 
"on ihofe jehingfi, which were worthy .erf" theoj ^ th«| 
<* fo they naigbt not he d)»wa into Oblivion ibea>- . 
** felv«s, by 4ba€ which ^ey -wo«ld rcfcue from it. 



(f) Survey, &c. fol. 88. (w) XtiLb^, 81. 

(b) Wood, tttri fcpr. ^ ^ 



«and 



Richard Carew Efq\ xix 

^ and thtt Time mrght not rob thetn of aiight moro 
« cohfiderable than that which they flhould rcftore." 

Thus flouriflied that Illuftrious tollege of Antiquarian 
whofe Meetings weire chiefly held at Sir Robert Cottons 
Houfe CO^ For they had no pubUck Place for it. And 
therefore thefe Gentlemen confidering that they wefft 
but n private Society, which federal Acddents might 
cither interrupt, or eteil difiblve, and did befides want 
fome Accommodations^ in ord^r to fix and perpetuate 
sm Inftitotion fo bentfitial to the PubUck^ they refolv-^ 
td to apply to the Que^n for a Royal Charter, and for 
ibmi poblick Buildings where thty would perform their 
Exercifes ; and intended to efe<ft a Library fuitabie to. 
]t» And they bad the mofe reafon'to believe they could 
obtain fuch a Grant, that the Queen, not contented 
with a fuperficial Smattering of Learning^, backed with 
Conceit and Talkativenefs, (which is the higheft pitch 
Perfons of the firft Rank do commonly arrive to) 
was truly and folidly learned, and a real Encourager 
of Letters : wherein flie had the ready Concurrence 
of her MiniAers, who were no le& conQ>icuouk for ^ 
their Learning, than for their Integrity and confum^ 
mate Wifdom. But as &ir as the Hopes of this 
famotts College appeared in its Bloom^ they were 
fooa Idighted by the Death of that ever'^memorable 
PrinceTs, like tho(e Fruits, which for want of the 
Sun's genial Rays, cannot arrive at due Maturity. 
For all the Applications they made for the iiime pur-* 
poft to her Succeflbr, proved vain and unfucceisful^. 
JBat what elie tould be expeAed from a Man who^ 

(i) Sii Dr. Smith'/ Lifi ^ Sir Robert Cotton. 

b 2 never 



XX The LIFE of 

never had a rclifti for polite Literature, or any kind of 
ufeful Learning, and only delighted in pedantick fcho- 
laftical Divinity ; and fancy 'd himfelf the Wifcft and 
fnoft glorious Prince in the World, (a fecond Solomon 
^ forfooih) if he could but fcriblc a Pamphlet againft 
Witches^' or againft tobacco : a Man, in fliort, whofe Ge- 
nius and Tafte were as low and mean, as his Soul and 
Inclinations ! As for our learned Antiquaries^ they were 
obliged to diffolve themfelvcs, and break their Society, 
left (fuch was the Wifdom of thofc Times) they (hould 
be profecuted as a Cabal againft the Government : Ne 
quicquam mali contra Rempublicam illos moliri Rex, Con^ 
ciliariive fufpicarentur {k). 

Mr. Carew publi(hed his Survey ^Cornwall, in the 
Year 1602 (/) and did dedicate it to his Friend Sir 
Walter Raleigh, Lord Warden of the Stannaries, Lieu- 
tenant-General of Cornwall, &c. ** This mine ilUhuf- 
" banded Survey, fays he to that great Man, long fince 
** begun, a great while difcontinued, lately reviewed, 
^* and now haftily fini(hed, appealeth to your Lord- 
** ftiip s Diredion, whether it ftiduld pafs ; to your Cor- 
** region if it do pafs; and to your Protedion when it 
" is paffcd. Neither unduly : for the fame intreateth 
•* of the Province and Perfons, over whofe Bodies and 
** Eftates, you carry a large, both Martial and Civil 
Command, by your Authority j but in whofe Hearts 
and Loves you poffefs a far greater Intereft, by 
your Kindnefs. Your Ears and Mouth have ever 
' been open to hear and deliver our Grievances, and 
' your Feet and Hands ready to go, and work their 

(ij Dr. Sadtk, ubi fupr. ' flj Ih ^to. 



cc 
cc 



"^•5^\" 




1 



fc 



<c 



<( 



Richard C a r k w Efq\ xxi 

*• Rcdrefs ; and that, not only always as a Magiftratc 
of-yourfelf, but alfo very often, as a Suiter and Solici- 
tor to others, of the higheft Place. Wherefore, I, 
as one of the common beholden, prefent this Token 
bf my private Gratitude. It is Duty and not Pre- 
fumption, that hath draven me to the Offering ; and 
it muft be Favour, and not Defert, that (hall move 
your Lordfliip to the acceptance. And fo I take 
" humble leave, rcfting no Icfs willing to ferve you, 
" than under you." 

The Reader will, I hope, excufe my tranfcribing here 
the whole Epiftle. Thefe Addrefles are a true 1 eft of 
an Author's Wit and Genius. And who can be dif- 
pleafcd with fo juft a Charadler of one of the greateft 
Men of our Nation ? Mr. Carew fubfcribes himfclf. 
His Lordjhifs poor Kinfman^ Richard Carew of An- 
tonie i but how he was related to him, I could not yet 
find. Sir Walter Raleigh had a Son, whofe Chriften- 
name was Carew ; and probably our Author was his 
Godfather. 

In his Preface, Mr. Carew obferves, that w/ien hejirfi 
compofed this Treatife^ not minding that it Jhould be pub-- 
lijhed in Print, he caufed only certain written Copies to be, 

given tofome of his Friends Butjince that time^ 

Mafter Camden'j often mentioning this Work, and his 
Friends Perfuafions, had caufed his Determination to alter, 
and to embrace a pleq^g Hope, that Charity and good 
ConJiruBion would reji now generally in all Readers. 

Befides, fays he, the State of our Country hath under^ 
gone Jo many Alterations jfnce Ifirfi began thefe Scfiblings, 
that, in the reviewing, I was drPuen, either likewife to 
vary my Report, or elfe tofpeak againfi my Knowledge i. . . 

Reckon 



xxiv 77fe LIFE of 

we may rcafonably wonder that a Work Co valuable, 
and the only compleat one we have on that Subjeft, 
fhould not have been reprinted fince tfie Year 1602 ; 
whereby it is become fo fcarce, and bears fuch an ex- 
ceflive Price. Perhaps this is owing to the falfe Ru- 
mours which have been fpread from time to time, that 
it Vas going to be reprinted with large Additions. For 
thefe idle common Reports have often prevented new 
Editions of ufeful and neceflary Books. But it is to be 
hoped, that fome publick-fpirited Perfons will reprint 
if, as it was firft publifhed. If any body hath any Ad- 
ditions or Supplements to it, they may print them fe- 
parately. 

Mr. Carew (f) *' was intimate with the moft noted 
" Scholars of his Time, particularly with Sir Henry 
" Spelmanj who in an Epiftle * to him concerning 
** Tythes, doth not a little extol him for his Ingenuity, 
** Vertue, and Learning. Palmam igitur cedo (faith 
*' he) Gf quod Greeci olim in Caria fua gente, admirdti 
" funt^ nos in Caria nojira gente agnofcimus, ingenium 
*' Jplendidumy bellarumque intentionumfcecundijjimum^ &c.** 
And a famous Scotch Poet -f- " ftilcs him another Livy, 
•* another Maro, ///7^/^^r Papinian, and highly extols 
" him for his great Skill in Hiftory, and Knowledge in 
^* the Laws {qy 

Mr. Carew 'Mied on the fixth day oi November ^ in 
** fixteen hundred and twenty, and was buried in the 
** Church of E^--rf;/^^«/V among his Anceftors. Short- 

(p) Wood, ubi fupr. c, 453. 

^ in bis ApoL of tin Treati/e de non temervidis Ecclefiisy &c. Lood» 
i646»4to. f Joh. Dunbar Megalo-Britannas in Epigramoutib. fuh^ 

cent. 6. numb. 53. (f) Wood, ibid. 

•My 



RicHAi^D Carew EJqi xxv 

** ]y after, he had a fplendid Monument fet over his 
** Grave, with an Infcription thereon,, written in the 
'* Latin Tongue (r)/' 

As I have not feen that Infcription^ I cannot tell whe- 
ther it be the fame with the following Epitaph, written 
hy Mr* Camden {^), probably at the Requcft of Mr^ 
<Jarew*s Family* 

M.S. 
JR^ichardo Carew de Antonie 

ArmigerOf 
Filio Thorns Carew ex Anna Edgcombid, 
Nepoti Wimundi Czxcyr Militis ex 
Martha Dennia, 
Pronepoti Joannis Carew ex Thomafiol 
HoUandia : 
Viro 
Maribus modefiis, mente generoJB^ 
Eruditione varid, 
Animo erga Deum devoto ; 
^i inter medias de ccelefti vitd meditatioMs 
Placide in Chrijlo obdormivitf 
Anno atatis Lxiij. 
£. Arundelia uxor marito charifflmoy 
Conjugalis fidei ergS, 
Et . . . . Filius Patri Optimo, 
Officiofi obfequii ergS, 
' Pofwrunt. 
Obiit 

^r) Wood, ibid. (tj Camdeni Bpiftobe, &c. pa;. 106. 

c THE 



THE 



S V R V E Y 



O F 



CORNWALL. 



Written ^Richard Carew, 
of Atttonie^ E/quire, 





Tb Ae BoBOurabky Sir Walter Ra- 
fergh Knighty Lord Warden ef the: 
Stannaries, Lieutenant G«neiaU of 
Cornwall, &c. 

|HiJs mine ill-husbanded Suruey, long 
fince begun, a great while difcon- 
tinucd, XzXjAj reuiewcd, and now- 
haftiljr finifhed, appealeth to your 
L. direction, whcAer it fhould pafle j 
to your corredlion, if it doe pafle ; and to your 
protedion,^ when it is pafTed. Neither vndue- 
\y : for the ^me intreateth of the Prouince,. 
and Perfons, ouer whofe bodies, and eftates, 
you Carrie a large, both Martially and ciuiJI 
commaund, by yoiur authoritie, but in whofe 
hearts, and loues, you poflefle a farre grea- 
ter intereft, by your kindneffe. Your eares, 
and mouth, haue euer beene open, to heare, 
and deliuer our grieuances, and your feete,. 

and 



The Epiftle Dedicatorie. 

and hands, readie to goe, and worke their 
redrcfle, and that, not onely, alwayes, as a 
Magiftrate, of your felfe, but alfb verie often 
as a fuiter, and. folliciter to others, of the 
higheft pJace. Wherefore, I, as one of the 
common beholden, prefent this token of my 
priuate gratitude. It is dutie, and not pre- 
fumption, that hath drawne me to the 
offering ; and it muA be fauour, and 
not defert, that fhall moue your 
Lordfhip to the acceptance : and 
fb I take humble leaue, reft- 
ing no lefle willing to 
feriie you, then 
vnder you. 



Your Lordfhips poore kinfman, 

Richard Carew of 
Antonh. 



To the Reader. 

WHen I firft compofed this Treatife, not mind^ 
ing that it (hoald be publiOied in Print, I 
caufed onely certaine written copies to bee 
giucn to fome of my friends, and put Profopo- 
peia into the bookes mouth. But (ince that time, 
mailer Camdens often-mencioning this worke, and my 
friends perfwafions, haue caufed my. determination to 
alter, & to imbrace a pleafing hope, that charitie, & 
good conftrudlion refteth now generally in all Readers. 
Albeit, I well know,. how Opere in vario^ no Icffe then in 
longOjfas eji obreperefomnum. And I acknowledge, this 
playing work to come fo farr (hort, of fatisfying,.cuen 
myfclfe (though Suus cuiq\ placet partus) as I haue little 
reafon, to expedl the applaufe of any other. 

Beiides the ftate of our Countrie hath vndergone fb 
manie Alterations, fince I firfl began thefe fcriblisgs, that, 
in the reuiewing, I was driuen, either likewife to varie 
my report, or elfe to fpeake againfl my knowledge. And 
no maruaUe, for each fucceeding time, addeth, or raueth, 
goods, & euils, according to the occafions, which it felfe 
produceth : rather a wonder it were, that in the ceafelefTe 
reuolution of the Vniuerfe, any parcell fhould retaine a 
ftedfaft conftitution. Reckon therefore (I pray you) that 
this treatife plotteth downe Cornwall^ as it now ftandeth, 
for the particulars, and will continue, for the generall. 
Mine Eulogies proceede no lefTe^ from the iinceritie of a 
witnefle, then the affeftion of a friend : and therefore I 
hope, that where my tonguohath beene good, no mans 
eye will bee euill : and that each wel-minded Reader 
will wi(h a merric paffage, to this my rather fancic- 
iporting, then gainc-fecking voyage. Farewell. 



"Tnie/Profopopeia to the Bodke. 



I Crave net courteous ayd of friends ^ 
To Haze my praife in verfe^ 
Nor^ frowd of vaunt ^ mme authors names t 
In cataiogue rehearfe : 

I of no willing wrong complaine^ 

Which force orjiealth hath wrought ^ 
No fruit I fromijtfrom the tree^ 

JVhich forth this blooth hath brought. 

I curry not with fmoothing termes^ 

Ne yet rude threats I blafte : 
ifeeke no patronefor my faults^ 

Ipkade no needlejfe hafie. 

But as a child of feeble force 9 

I keep my fathers home^ 
And^ bafhfull at eche grangers fights 

Dare not abroad to r^ne^ 

Saue to his kinne ofneerefi bloud^ 

Or friends of dear efl price 9 
fVho^ for his fake f not my defertf 

With welcome me entice. 

I tH tS 




THE 



S V R V E Y 

O F 

CORNWALL. 

He Jirfl Booke. 

\OrnwaU, the fartheft Shire of Efigtaml "TU 
Weftwards, hath her name by dtuers* 
Authors diuerily deriued. Sonup (as our 
owne Chroniclers) draw it from Corineus^ 
couiin to Brute^ the firft Concjueror of 
this Iland : who wraftUng at Pfymmouti 
(as they fay) with a mightie Giant,. called Gcgmag^^^ 
threw him puer Cliflfe, brake his necke, and receiuol 
the gift of that Countrte, in reward for his prowefle : 
Some/ as CereaHs, (no leiTe miftaken perhaps in that^ 
. then in his meafures) from Ornu GaUiisp, a home or 
corner of Fraunce^ whereagainfl: nature hath placed it : 
and fome» from Cormi WaUuey which (in my conjecture) ^ 
carrieth greateft likelyhood of truth. • 

For what tipie the Saxons j after many bloudie in« AmDim 
uafions p$ Pirates^ began at laft to plant their dwellings, 586. 

B and 




' Tie Suruey tif Carmvall. 

artd take roote in this Hand, as Conquerors, the Britons^ 
by them fupplantcd, were driuen to feeke their fafe* 
gard in the wafte Moores, craggie Mountaines, and 
wild Forrefts oiJVales and Cornwall^ where the Coun- 
tries barrennefTe barred their purfucrs from vtdaals^ 
and the dangeroufneiTe of the pafTages laid them open 
to priuie inuafions. Such as had in this fort with- 
drawne thcmfelves, the Saxons termed WeJJhmen^ by in- 
terpretation ftrangers^ for fo they were to them, as they 
to the Counfrie : and their place of abode they called 
Welfhlands fithence turned to fValesj euen as by the fame 
reafon, they giue ft ill the fame name to Italy. Now,. 
Sbapi. Cornwall being caft out into tfa& Sea, with the Chape of 
a hornc, borrowed the oite part of her namfc fr^m her 
Fbr$sHift. faihion, as Matthew of Wejiminjler (eftifieth, and the 
other from her Inbabiianlts ; bpA' which conioyned,. 
make Comwallia, and contriued, Cornwall: in which* 
ftMlf, the Comijh people call it IQrncm^ derioed Irkewile 
txtmk^Kffme ft borne« NeithwjueedeththMf compofition 
to b^ kMooipted any way vncouth, ib^ii% the '^me is 
ittifdft fEiimilkr vnfo y% by>thie iike4a xMher Co«ii>tries, as 
df SkHnp^Hs >\h Gerfkonte, Ijombardk ia ^'aly^ Vakocu^ 
p'tm it^Vi^He^it^f^oj^ui in G»w»ixr aft which, 
vtrhH ttany other, are hketrift compsJ3fe4 tif d6ubl^ 
hngragesi 

TM^ ill-halieniiig borifie natter liath (as^^orflv/^ fn 
iR^) dpdned a :gap to the icdftta of ttmy> who not 
khcftMkfg their dwhd pfeiefflpcoiididon^ or at leaft their 
futiirt deftinid, can be^dMemed to draw an ^odibos mirth. 
' it^m a pubKke infamie. But tskmg the wifeil Enditcr, 
hath directed the penne of his boHeft writers tp vfe this 
ttfmit^ ffot 6nly in a good meaiiing^'boraffb in a figifitifi- 
<^t Tenfa, and w ftnaifie itkc tinng itiblfci in faodrie 

• ;. pans. 



parts of his feruice : fuch ieftcrs diflioneft indifcretioa 
ia rather charitably to bee pittied, then their exception 
either angerly to be grteued at, or ferioufly to bee 
confuted. 

I am not ignorant, how forely the whole ftorie of 
BrtUfjia4hzkta by fome of our late writers, and how 
{liffely fupported by other fome : as alfo that this wrafl*-! 
li^g pull betweene Corineus and Gogma^og^ is reported 
to have befallen at Douer. For mine owne part, though 
I reuereqce antiquitie, and reckon it a kind of wrong, 
to f ^a£t an ouer-fbidt reafon for all that which vpon 
credite {hee deliuereth ; yet I rather incline to their fide, 
yr\ifk would war^^ant her authoritie by apparant veride,. 
Not^^hftandixjg, ia this queftion, I will not take oa 
oic d^ perfoa of cither Iu(^e, or ftickler : aqd |hereforo 
if there bee any ^. pk^ii^dJn the commion fioud, as they 
will ftill gripe faft, wh^t they h^ue onpe .caught hol4 
QQ, let them fport themfelvea with thc;ie conieiSuces^ 
vpon which mine auerment in behalf oTPlymmoutb \% 
grounded. The place where Brute is faid to haue firi^ 
laftd^^ was ^otttes kiCormpaU, and therefore this wfafl- 
ling ^ely ta hjuic chaunced tbe^^e, iboner then eUe-* 
^herf« The Prouincc b^qwed op Corineta for ^bis exr 
ploj^, yfa^.Q9rmipaU. It ou^y then be piefqajted^ that he 
ceceit^ in reward the place where hee made proofe o^ 
]^i&^Qj;th, wd Vf^pfe prince (for fo with others I take 
G^fM§9g;Xq have beene). hee had conquered,, euep as| 
Qtrus r?compenced Zopirus with the Citie Balbyhn% UmAnus^ 
)0if|)if h his polic^e had recouered. Againe^ the adtiqitie 
^ii>€jm aqd Uorni/bmen^ Ui this facultie pf wraftUns;* 
lieyond thofe of qxlict Sjhires^ dooth feeme to dprjue 
them a ipeci^iU pedigree, from that graund wra(ller 

B 2 Cormeus^ 



^he Suruey of Cornwall 

Corineus. Morcouer, vpon the Hawe at Plymmottth, there 
IS cut out in the ground, the pourtrayture of two men^ 
the one bigger, the other lefler, with Cluhbcs rn their 
hands, (whom they terme Gog-Magog) land (as I haue 
learned) it is renewed by order of the Townefmcn, 
when cJaufe requireth, which ftiould inferre thb famc^ 
to bee a monument of fbme moment. And laftly the 
place, hauing a fteepe cliffe adioyning, afFordeth ait 
oportunitie to the fad. But of this too much. 

CUmati. Cornwall is feated (as mofl: men accompt) in the La« 
titude of fiftie degrees, and thirtfe minutes; and in the 
Longitude of fixe. 

lingtb The Shire extendeth in length* to about^ feucntie 

h^b. miles : the breadth, as almoft no where equall, fo in the 
largefl: place, it pafleth not thirtie, in the middle twen- 
tie, and in the narroweft of the Weft part, three. The 
whole compaflc may hereby be coniedlured. 

BtrJgrs. It bordereth on the Eaft with Deuon, dinded there- 
from, in moft places, by the ryuer Tamer, which fprin-* 
ging neere the North Sea, at Hartland in Deuon, run- 
neth thorow Plymmouth Hauen^ into the South. For the 
reft, the maine Ocean fundreth the fiime, on the North 
from Ireland, on the Weft from the Hands of Scilley, and 
on the South from little Britaine. Thefe borders now: 
thus ftraightned, did once extend fo wide,* as that they 
enabled their inclofed territorie, with the title of a 
kingdome. Polidore Virgil allotteth it the fourth part 
of the whole Hand, and the ancient Chronicles report, 
that Brute landed at Totnes in Cornwall, a Towne now 
JntuDm. feated in the midft of Deuon. Moreover, vntill AtheU 

9}7* Jlanes time, the Cornijh-men bare equal fway in Excejler 
vrith the Englifti : for hee it was who hemmed then 

withia 



The Jirft Booke. - 

within their prefent limits. Laftly, the encroachrng Sea^ 
hath rauined from it, the whole Countrie of Lionnefe, 
together with diuers. other parcels of no little circuite : 
and that fach a Lignnejfe there was^ thefe proofes are 
yet remaining. Tlye fpace between the lands end, and 
the lies of Sciiley, being about thirtie miles, to^this day 
retaineth that name, in Cornifh Letbawfbw, and car* 
rieth continually an equall depth of fortie or iixtie fa- 
thom (a thing not vfuall in the Seas proper Dominion) 
faue that about the midway, there lieth a Rocke» which 
at low water difcouereth his head. They terme it 
the Gulfe, fuiting thereby the other name of SciUa^ 
Fifhemaen alfo calling their hookes thereabouts, haue 
drawn vp peeces of dbores and windowes. Moreouer^ 
the ancient name of Saint Michaels Mounts was Cara^ 
clowfe in Qywfe^ in Englifh, l^he hoare Rocke in the 
Wood: which now is at euerie floud incompaffed by 
the Sea, and yet at fome lew ebbes, rootes ot mightie 
trees are difcryed in the fands about it. The like ouer-* 
flowing hath happened in Pfymmouth Hauen, and di- 
uers other places. 

In this fituation, though nature hath (houldred out ( 
Cbftiw^ into the fartheft part of the Realme, and (ofj^tf^ 
befieged it with the Ocean, that, as ademie Hand in an ^^ 
Hand, the Inhabitants find but one way of ifliie by land : 
yet hath fhee in fome good meafurei counteruailed fuch 
difadnantage, through placing it, both neere vnto, and in 
the trade way betweene Wales^ If elands Spaine^ France^ 
tc Netherkmd. The neerenefle helpeth them, with a 
fliorter cut, lefle peril, and meaner charge, to vent forth 
and make retume of tbofe conmiodities, which their 

B 3 Qwnc^ 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

ownC) or either of thofe Countries doe afford : the lyings 
in the way, bringeth forraine (hipping to claime fUccot^ 
at their bapbours, whenj either outward, or homeward* 
bound, they are checked by an. Eaft, South, or South* 
eaft> wiiad : and wlaere the Horfe walloweth, ibme 
bairea wili itiU remaine* Neither is it to bee pafled 
otier without regard, that theie reiootc quarters^ lie not 
fe opeii to the inuaiibns of fbrraioe enemies, or ^yles 
of ciuit tunult^, :^9 other more inward parts of the 
Reabneji wUch bemg feated neerer the heart, are 
fooner fought, and eailyer raniacked in fuch troiible- 
fome times : or if the Countriea long naked fides, of-^ 
fer occafioA of landing to any aduerfe £hippiag, her 
forementioned inward natorall flrength, incrcpred by 
fe maayLan^aand lAcloiures^ ftraightneth thefioae to 
a preying onely vpon the outward Skirts by fome pet^. 
tie'fleetes: For the danger of farder piercing, will re- 
quire the protection of a greater force for execution^ 
thea can tnere be counteruailed with the benefit of a* 
ny b(>otie, or conqueA^ were they fure to preuaile> And 
if to bee free from a dammage, may pa£S^ ^r a com^. 
moditie, I can adde, that the far diftance of this Coun- 
tie fbom the Court, hath hefetofore afforded it a^Su- 
perfedeae from takera & Posueyoora : foe if they flumld 
fetch a^iy pronkion firom theoce, well it oMglU he 
naiked with the vifard of bee Highnes preregatiiie^ 
but t^ fame would verie ilenderJy turne tp the bene-* 
fit of her Majefties houfe keeping : ibr the feuleoefle 
and vneafinefie of the waies, the little mould ciGfir^ 
ni/b cattol, aad: the* great expmqe of driuing them^. 
would dfifauike aa much from, the i«{fa price to tbft 
Queeoe, at the deliuering, as it did from the owners at 
7 the 



the taking. Befides that, her Highnefle ifhiplping fiiould 
lieeretbroagh bee defreuded of often fttpplies, which 
thefe part6^fl^rd Vnto them. 

Vpion which i-eafons, fome of the Purueyourit at^ 
tempts, heretofore throogh the fcrife of the Countrie, 
the follidtation of Sir Wthard Gf^emmUi the cre'dite of 
the Lord Warded,- and (be 'gr&ciOtif(}Clfl*e of our Soue- ' 
>e)gne» Were reiioked aAd- f»pp^el1ed) and the fame 
"vnder her Highneift priole'Ste^Tc coBfirtfted. Notwith- 
Iftanding, when her Majtflie mad^ her pleafure afters- 
wards knoWn6» that flkee would have a general! comri^ 
■bution ffom i^o^rie. Shire, foi* redeeiniag this ex0mp> 
i^on, Cbrfiwatt 0pp6fing diltie againft f e'afon, or rather 
'itfeeompting dutie a reifibn (iffici^m, yeelded eo vnder>- 
^de a prdpi6rtioAablei-aiex^tbe btfrfheni. ' So they cdm^ 
•pomidt^ tor fumllh ten Q»en aftef Nfich&dlmas fcir 
Jchiftie pound pricfejte which, ty another agreemetft 
-vl'ith the Office^^, they ihfiuld adde fbitle markes of 
their owne. Tpon h^f ft ^t&tb warning ewtber ptiitib^ 
toight T^petk tht btirg^ne. This held for a whHe^ -ibtft: 
^thin a Ihf^fife'fpiiJce, dllSier fhe ^ai'elefncOe c^ the fu<c- 
^icesin knpd&hg this rate, or the ii^ligc<nee of the Cow- 
iaables iii (i<flltiaii%- It, c¥ (faife bfltikvrardneflb of iJhe fn^ 
iifabitlintsin pftying the famo, tk aH thefe together oaer>- 
^ppedtlht tHaa, and ^ithtield the fatisBtdion. Here^ 
Vndo#tie 'eottie^ a AfdifeugeF With ibvi^pe kcters ftom. 
theOfficevsfof tbeGiteeii6 <i^ofh. l^he condufion en^- 
€Q<sd> that'hi!! 'charges 'flAlft -bee bdi<fie,'and tm higber 
price diJ[btiffed for^e fuppK6. ^hus^fareih tod and. 
frb, andthfe Q>rttf/bmefi^&^ to hold a Wolfe by the 
csltts : loir ^ mal&epaythoM the pec^eate oitwilMng, fls 
iiftilthai^ 'heiretefo^e iMfulbiill^ 16atideii|g$tt themMuP- 

B 4 ' ging: 



The Suruey of CormoalL 

ging her^ofj the luftices ilrayoc courtefie, as m a mat« 
ter nothing plaufible, and appertaining to ouer-many 
partners, for the well effe^ing, and yet to breake they 
are both afraid, fufpeding that a heauier load will fol- 
low, if this compofition be once fet at large. 
Di/cmmo' Thefc Commodities goe not vnaccompanied with 
ditiii 0f their inconueniences : for to Cornwall alfo hath Pandora's 
* «^''* Boxe beene opened. One is, that the farre diftance from 
*" the higher .Icates of luftice, rippeth a wider gap to in«* 
truding iniuries, and increafeth the charge and time of 
procuring their redrefTe. Which due occaiion of dis- 
couragement, the worft conditioned, and leail clieoted 
Petiuoguers, doe yet (vnder the fweet baite of revenge) 
convert to a more plentiful profecution of adtions. The 
ordinarie trade of thefe men isj where they perceiue a 
iparke of difpleafure kindling, to increafe the flame with 
their hello wes of perfwa0on. Hath fuch a one abufed 
you, faith he? Anger hiqfi^a little, that breaking out in- 
to fome outragious words, you may take aduantage 
thereof; and you (hall fee hqw we will hamper him : I 
warrant you he (hall fetch an errand to Ldrndm^ & bearc 
part of your charges too. , After the game hadi beene 
brought in by this Winleflei the poore foule is bound 
not to releafe his adu^rfgrie, without his Attournies 
confent, who plieth the matter with fc good a ftomack^ 
as hee eateth the kernel^ whileft they fight about the 
fliell. At lad, when the fountain of his Clients purfe is 
drawne drie, by his extravagant fees of Fro confiiio, pro 
expeStione^ pro amicitia Victcomitis^ &c. befides the pack- 
ing betweene the VnderiherifFe and him,- of docketing 
out Writs oeuer fued fborth, the mediation of friends 
muft (hut t^ the matte^ in a comprimife. Another dif- 
8 com-* 



lU fitfi BooU\ 5 

comtno^itie groweth, that whereas London farnifheth . 
all prouifions (cuen Tynne, and fuch other ariiing in the . 
fame Countrie) of beft ftuffe^ fafliion, ftore, and cheap- 
nefle : the hard procuting^ and farre carriage^ addeth an 
extraordinarie increafer of price to the 'eorn^ buyers: 
and for matters of .benefit, or* prefermenti by fuits at 
Court, either th^ opportunitie is paft, before notice can 
arriue Tq f^r : or the following there, and lofle the whiles 
bt home, will. require a great and afTured gaine in the 
principal], to warrant the hope of a fauing bargaine in 
the appurteftance* 

Touching the tenap^rature of CormmlU the ayrc^«»/^«« 
thereof is cleiinfed, as with bellowes^ by the billowesi '*^'* 
and flowing and ebbing of the Sea, and therethrough 
becommeth pufe^ and fubtill, and, by confequence» 
iiealthfulL So tfs the Inhabitants doe feldome take a 
ruthful and r^aning experience of thofe harities, which 
infedioiis dlfe^lfes vfe to carrie with them. But yet I 
haue noted, that this fo piercing an ayre, ia^apter to pre** 
ierue then recouer health, efpectally in any languishing 
fickneife which' hath poflefled Grangers : neither know 
I, whether I niay impute to this goodnefie of the ayre, 
that rpoh the returne of our fleete from the PortugaB - 
a<Slioi!i, 1589. the difeafes which the Souldiers broughv 
home with them,* did grow more grieuous, as they car-» 
ried the fame farther into the land, then it- fell oot at § 
Plymmouthy where they landed 1 for ther€ tbe fame was^' 
though irifib<!lious, yet not fe contagious, and though^ 
peflilentialh yet not the vede peftilence^ as afterwor^^ 
it proued in othet* pkces. . '. . . ; 

'■ The Spring vifitefh nfot tfecfe quartern -fii timofy; iisfring. 
tht^£s(ftope part4i» Sutitfnfef liftpartMh a verie tempe--^«flMi/i^« 
^'^ Q-: rate 



Tie Suruey of Cormvall. 

rate heat, recompencing his flow-foftering of the fruit8> 

jintmmi. with their kindly ripening.. Autumne bringeth a fome- 

what late Haruefl-j fpeciall/ to the middle of the Shire, 

where they feldome inne their Corne before MichaeU 

JTiMtir. mas. Winter, by reafon of the Southes necre neigh- 
bourhead, and Seas warme breath, fauoureth it with a 
milder cold then elfewhere, fo as, vpon both co^cs, 
the Froft and Snow come verie feldome, ^tnd make a 
fpeedie departure. This notwithftanding, the Countrie 
is much fubiedt to ftormes, which fetching a large courfe 
in the open Sea, doe from thence violently aflault the 
dwellers at land» and leaue them vncouered houfes, 
pared hedges, and dwarfe-growne trees, as witneiTes of 
^ their force and furie : yea, euen the hard ftones, an4 
yron barres of the windowes, doe fret to be fo con* 
tinually grated. One kind of thefe flormes, they call 
a flaw, or fiaugh, which is a mightie gale of wind, paf* 
fing fuddainely to the (hore, and working Arong effedtsj, 
vpon whatfoeuer it incountreth in his way. 

gartL The Cornijh foyle, for the moft part, is lifted vp inta 
many hils, Ibme great, fome little of quantitie, fome 
fteepe, fome ealie ^r afcent, and parted in funder by 

Form. £hort and narrow vallies^ A (hallow earth dooth couer 
their outflde, the fubftance of the reft coniiileth ordi- 
narily in Rockes and Shelfe, which m^keth them hard 
for raanurance, & fubied to a drie Summers parching*. 

^aHiit. ^^^ middle part of the Shire (fauing the inclofures 
about foofte few Townes and Villages) lieth wafte arid 
open> fheweth a blackiib Colour, beareth Heath and. 
fpirie Grafle, and ferveth in a maner, onely to Summer 
Cattel. That which bdrdereth vpon either fide of the 
Sea, through the Inhabitants good husbandries of in^ 

cbfing,, 



Tie Firfl Booke. 6 

clofing, finding, and other drcffing, carricth a better 
hue, and more profitable qualitie. Meadow ground it 
afFoordeth little, pafture for Cattel and Sheepe, flore 
enough. Come ground plentie. 

Hils of greatcft name and height are, Hinxten, Rowtor^ mig^ 
Brownnvelly^ S. Agnes, HaynborougK the fDure Boroughs, 
Rochef Carnbrayt and the two Cajiellan Danis. 

In the reft of this earthy defcription, I will begin 
with fuch mynerals as her bowels yeeld forth, and then 
pafTe on to thofe things, of growing, and feeling life» 
which vpon her face doe relieue themfelues. ' 

Thefe mynerals are not fo deepe buried by nature in Mintrals. 
the entrailes of the Earth, nor fo clofely couched amoogft: 
the Rockes, but that defire of gaine with the inftrument 
of Art can digge them vp : they may bee diuided into 
flones and mettals. 

Quarrie ft6nes are of fundrie (brts> and ferue to diuers Sf^mej. 
purpofes. For walling, there are rough, and Siate : the 
rough maketh {peedier building, the S/ate furer. For 
Windowes, Domes, and Chimnies, Moore ftone carrieth 
jchiefeft reckoning. That name is beftowed on it, by 
the Moores or wafte ground, whlre the fame is found 
in great quantitie, either lying vpon the ground,, or 
verie little vnder. This ftone anfwereth the charge of 
fetching, with the fairenes of his whitifh colour, con- 
taining ccrtaine glimmering fparkles, and counteruaileth 
his great hardnefle in working, with the profit of long 
endurance, nature hauing ordained the fame, as of pur- 
pofe, to withftand the fretting Weather. There are 
alfo three other forts of ftones, feruing to the fame vfe, 
and hewed with lefle, th6ugh differing labour : Pen^ 
tuan digged out of the Sea ClifFes^ and in colour 

C 2 fome- 



fomewhat refembleth gray Marble, Carachufe Hacke, 
not vnlike the leat ; the third taken out of inland Quar- 
ries, and not much differing from the Eaflerne free 
ilone. 
PHhlt. The Sea ftrond alfo in many places, afFordeth Peeble- 
ftones, which waChed out of the earth, or falling fron^ 
the Rockes, and there lying loofe, are, by often roU 
ling of the waues, wrought to a kind of roundneife, 
and ferae verie bandfomely for pauing of ftreetes and 
Courts* 
iUti. For couering of Houfes there arc three forts of Slat^,^ 
which from that vfe take the name of Healing-ftones^ 
The firft and beft Blew : the fecond, Sage-leafe colour*- 
ed, the third and meanefl: Gray, The Blew, and fo the. 
reft, are commonly found vnder the walling Slate^ when 
the depth hath brought the workmenn to the water* 
This Slate is in fubftance thinne, in colour faire, in 
waight light, in lading ftrong, and generally carrieth fb 
good regard, as (befides the fupplie for home prouiiion) 
great ftore is yeerely conueied by (hipping both to other , 
parts of the Realme, and alio beyond the Seas, into 
Britaine and Netherldnd. 
Lym They make Lyme, moreouer, of another kind of 

pnu. Marle-ftone, either by burning a great quantitie thereof 
together, with a feruent fire of Furze, or by maintain- 
ing a continuall, though lefTer heate, with flone Cole in 
fmaller Kils : this is accompted the better cheape, but 
that yeeldeth the whiter Lyme. 

Mittoit. Touching mettals : Copper is found in fundrie places^ 
hut with what gaine to the fearchers, I haue not 
beene curious to enquire, nor they haftie to reueale« 
For at one Mine (of which I tooke view) the Owre wa^ 

(hipped 



7he^firft Booke. ,7 

ihipped to bee refined in fFa/es^ either to faue coil in the 
fewel), or to conceale the profit 

Neither hath nature denyed Siluer to Cornwall, SUtur. 
though Cicero excluded the fame out of all Britaine : 
and if wee may beleeye our Chroniclers reports, who 
ground themfelues vpon authenticall Records, king Ed^ 
ward the firft, and king Edward the third, reaped fomc 
good benefit thereof. But for our prefent experience, 
what fhe proiFereth with the one hand, fliee feemeth to 
pull backe with the other, whereof fome Gentlemen 
not long fithence, made triall to their lofle : howbeit, 
neither are they difcouraged by this fucceife, nor others 
from the like attempt. 

Tynners doe alfo find little hoppes of Gold amongft GoU. 
their Owre, which they keepe in quils, and fell to the 
Goldfmithes oftentimes with little better gaine, then 
Glaucus exchange. 

Yea it is not altogether barren of precious ftones, Djammdi^ 
and Pearle : for Dyamonds are in« many places found 
cleauing to thofe Rockes, out of which the Tynne is 
digged : they are polifhed, fquared, and pointed by na<- 
ture : their quantitie from a Peafcji to a Walnut : in 
blackneife and hardneife they come behind the right 
ones, and yet I haue knowne fome of them fet on fo 
good a foile, as at firft fight, they might appofe a not 
vnskilfuU Lapidarie« 

The Pearle (though here not aptly raunged) breed in Pfork. 
bigge Oyfters, and Mufcles, greater in quantitie, then 
acceptable for goodnefiTe, as neither sound nor Orient. 
Perhaps Cafar fpoyled the beft beds, when he made that 
gay Coate of them, to prefent his granndame Venus. 

Cornwall is alfo not altogether deftitute of Agates ^41///^ 

C 3 and 



7X« Suruey of Cornwall. 

C9ratt. and white Corall, as by credible relation I haue learn- 
ed. 

Tynm. But why feeke wee in corners for pettie commodities, 
when as the oncly mynerall of Cornijh Tynne, openeth 
fo large a field to the Countries benefit ? this is in work- 
ing fo pliant, for fight fo faire, and in vfe fo necefiarie, 
as thereby the Inhabitants gaine Wealth, the Marchants 
craHicke, and the whole Realme a reputation : and 
with fuch plentie thereof hath God fluffed the bowels 
of this little Angle, that (as AJliages dreamed of his 
daughter) it ouerfioweth England, watereth Chriften- 
dome, and is deriued to a great part of the world befides. 
In trauailing abroad, in tarrying at home, in eating and 
drinking, in doing ought of pleafure or necefiitie, Tynne, 
either in his owne (hape, or transformed into other fa- 
(hions, is alwayes requifite, alwayes readie for our fer- 
uice : but I (hall rather difgrace, then endeere it by 
mine ouer-weake commendation, and fooner tire my- 
felfe, then draw the fountaine of his praifcs dric. Let 
this therefore fufficc, that it cannot bee of meane price, 
which hath found, with it, Dyamonds, amongft it Gold, 
and in it Siluer. 

The Cornijh Tynners hold a flrong imagination, that 
in the withdrawing of iVi?^^/ floud to the Sea, the fame 
tooke his courfe from Eafl to Weft, violently break- 
ing vp, and forcibly carrying with it, the earth, trees, 
and Rocks, which lay any thing loofely, ncere the vpper 
face of the ground. To confirme the likelihood of 
which fuppofed truth, they doe many times digge vp 
whole and huge Timber trees, which they conceiue at 
that deluge to haue beene ouertarned and whelmed : 
but whether then, or fithence, probable it is, that fome 
7 fuch 



Tie firft Booh. 8 

fuch caufe produced this ei&d. Hence it comnsetfa, that 
albeit the Tynne hy couched at firft in certaine ftrakes 
amongft the Rockes^ like a tree, or the veines in a mans 
bodie, from the depth whereof the maine LWfpreadeth 
out bis branches, vntill they approach the open ayre : 
yet they haue now two kinds of Tynne workes, Stream^ j^i^j^ ^ 
and hood: for (fay they) the foremencioned floud, car- mr^/. 
ried together with the moued Rockes and earth, io 
much of the Load as was indofed therein, and at the 
aflwaging, left the fame fcattered here and there in the ' 
vallies and ryuers, where it pafled ; which being fought 
and digged, is called Streamworke: under this title, they 
comprife alfo the Moore workes, growing from the like 

. occafion. They maintaine thefe workes,. to haue beene 
verie auncient, and firft wrought by the lewes with 
Pickaxes of Holme, Boxe, and Harts home : they prooue 
this by the name of thofe places yet enduring, to wit> ^ 
Attall Saraziuf in Engli{b„ the lewes ^caft^ and by 
thofe tooles daily found amongft the rubble of fucb 
workes*. And it may well be> that as Akornes made good 

. bread, before Ceres taught the yfe of Corne ; and (harpe 
Stones ferued the Indians for Kniues, vntill the Spaniards 
brought them Iron : fo in the infancie of knowledge, 
thefe poore inftruments for want of better did fupplie a 
turne. There are alfo taken vp in fuch works, certaine 
little tooles heads of Bra£e, which fome terme Thupi-^ 
der-axes, but they make fmall fhew of any profitable 
vfe. Neither were the Romanes ignorant of this trade^ 
as may appeare by a brafle Coyne of Domitian's, found 
in one of the& workes, and faHen into my hands : and 
perhaps vndcr one of thofe FlauianSf the lewijh workmeni 
made here their firft arriualL 

C4 They 



Finding 



Stnam- 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

Th6y difcoucr thefe workcs, by certaine Tynne* 
fitw9riis. ftones, lying on the face of the ground^ which they 
terme Shoadf as (bed from the maine Load, and made 
fbmwhat imooth and round, by the waters wafliing & 
wearing. Where the finding of thefe affordetb a temp* 
ting likelihood, the Tynners goe to worke, cading vp 
trenches before them, in depth 5. or 6. foote more or 
leiTe, as the loofe ground Went, & three or foure iti 
breadth, gathering vp fuch Shoad^ as this, turning of the 
earth doth offtr to their fight. If any ryuer thwart them, 
and that they refdve to fearch his bed, bee is trained by 
a new channell from his former courfe. This yeeldeth 
a fpeedie and gaineful recompeitce to the aduenturers of 
the fearch, but I hold it little beneficiall to the owners 
of the ibyle. For thofe low grounds, beforeiime fruit« 
full, haning heretbroogh their wrong fide turned out* 
wards, accufe the Tynners iniorie by their fucceeding 
bcurreoaefTe. ^ 

To find the Laad-wories^ their firft labour is alfo im* 
ployed in feeking this Sh$ad, which either lieth open on 
the grafie, or but (hallowly couered, Hauing found any 
fuch, they coniedture by the fight of the ground, which 
way the floud came that brought it thither, and fo giue 
a gefie at the place whence it was broken off*. There 
ihcyjSncie a Shcft^ or pit of fine or fix foote in length, 
two or three foote in breadth, and feuen or eight foote 
in depth, to proue whether they may fo meete with the 
]J>ad. By this Shafts they alfo diicerne which was the 
quicke ground (as they call it) that mooued with the 
noud, and which the firme, wherein no fuch Shoad deth 
lie. If they mifie the Load in one place, thty Jincke a 
like Shaft in another beyond that, commonly farther 
8 vp 



moorktu 



7h Jtrfi BooU 9 

vp towards th^ hilh and fo a third and fourth^ vnti/I they 
light at laft vpon it. But you may not conceioe, that 
euerie likelyhood doth euer proue a certaintie : for diuers 
haue beene hindered, through beftowing charges in 
feekingy and not finding, and many vndone in finding , 
and not (peeding, whiles a faire (how, tempting them 
to mvch coft, hath, in the end, fayled in fnbftance, and 
made the aduenturers Banckrupt of their hope and 
purfc. 

Some have found Tynne*workes of great vallew, Dnamn. 
through meanes no lefle flrange, then extraordinarie, 
to wit, by dreames. As in Edward the fixts time, a Gen^ 
tlewoman, heire to one Trefculierd, and wife to Lanine^ 
dreamed, that a man of feemely perfonage told her, 
how in fuch a Tenement of her Land, (hee (hould find 
fb great ilore of Tynne, as would ferue to inrich both 
her felfe and her pofteritie. This (hee reuealed to her 
husband : and hee, putting the fame in triall, found a 
worke, which in foure yeeres, was worth him welneero 
fo many thoufand pounds. Moreouer, one jT^/r^/ lately 
liuing, & dwelling in the Pari(h of the hundred of Wefi^ 
czW&S.Niot, by alike dreame of his daughter (fee the 
lucke of women) made the like aflay, met with the 
efFecft, farmed the worke of the vnwitting Lord of the 
foyle, and grew thereby to good (tate of wealth. The 
fame report pafieth as currant, touching fundrie others^ 
but I will not bind any mans'credite, though, that of 
the Authors haue herein fwayed mine : and yet he that 
will afford his care to Aftrologers and naturall Philofo* 
phers, (hall haue it filled with many difcourfes, of the 
conflellation of the heauens, and the conftitution of 
mens bodies, fitting to this purpofe. 

D There 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. ' 

j^^ There are, that leauing thefe trades of new iearching^ 

muritMg. doe- take in band fuch old Stream and Loadworis, as by 
the former aduenturers baue beene giuen ouer, and 
oftentimes they find good {lore of Tynne, both in the 
rubble cad vp before^ as alfo in veines which the fird 
workmen followed not. From hence there groweth a 
diuerfitie in opinion, amongft; fuch Gentlemen, as by 
lAidgement and experience, can looke into thefe matters;, 
fome of them fuppofing that the Tynne groweth ; and 
others, that it onely feparateth from the confumed oiFall. 
j)g/fy^ But whofoeuer rcadeth that which Francis Leandro hatk 
Lai. written touching the yton mynerals, in the He of Elba;, 
will cleaue perhaps to a third conceite : for hee 
auouchetb, that the trenches, out of which the Owre 
there is digged, within twentie or thirtie yeeres, become 
alike ful againe of the fame mettall, as at fir(l,.& he 
confirmeth it by futable examples, borrowed from Cle^ 
archuSf of Marble, in Paros Hand, and of Salt, in India^ 
deducing thence this reafon, that the ayre and water re<^ 
plenishing the voide roome, through the power of the. 
vniuerfall agent, and fome peculiar celeftiall influence,, 
are turned into the felfe fubftance; and fo by confe- 
quence, neither the Owre groweth, nor the earth con- 
fumeth away*: and this opinion, Munfter in his Cofmogra^ 
fhie^ doth feeme to vnderprop, affirming, that neere the 
Citie oi Apohnia in Dalmatian the veines whence Brafle 
is digged, are filled in like maner. So doth he report,, 
that neiere Ptolomaisy there lieth a round valley, out of 
which glafiie Sand being taken, the winds fill the pit 
againe, from the upper part of the adioyning mountaines ; 
which matter is conuerted into the former fubftance^ 
and that euen Mettals throwne into this place, doe 

vnder- 



The frfi Boohw lo 

vndcrgoc the like Metamorphojis. 

The colour both of the Shoad and Load^ refcmbleth ^*^^*"^ 
his bed, as the Sea fand doth the ClifFes^ and is fo di- 
uerfified to reddifb, blackifh, duskie, and fuch other 
-earthy colours. 

If the Load wherein the Tynne lieth, carrieth a foote ^^ ^^ 
and halfe in breadth, and be not ouerbarren, it is ac* '^ 
compted a verie rich worke : but commonly the fame 
exceedeth not a foote, vnlefle many hoads ranne tdge- 
ther. 

When the new found worke intifcth with probabi- ^^^^^f 
litie of profit, the diicouerer doth commonly aflbciateA^^* 
himfelfe with fome more partners, becaufe the charge ''^^ *^" 
amounteth moftly verie high for any one mans purfe, *^*'^'" 
except lined beyond ordinarie, to reach vnto : and if 
the worke doe faile, many fhoulders will more eafily 
Support the burthen. Thefe partners confift either of 
fuch Tinners as worke to their owne behoofe, or 
of fuch aduenturers as put in hired labourers. The jec^, 
hirelings ftand at a certaine wages, either .by the day» 
which may be about eight pence, or for the yeere, be* 
ing betweene foure and fixe pound, as their deferuing 
can driue the bargaine : at both which rates they muft 
find themfelues. 

If the worke carrie fonie importance, and require the 
trauaile of many hands, that hath his name, and they 
their Ouerfecr, whome they terme their Captaine : 
fuch are the P^/, Whilanckuth^ in Englift), Hhe worke of 
the 'Ditches : Fuljlean^ that is, Hhe myrie head: Crueg 
iraaz. The great Borough : Saint Margets, and many 
fumamed Balls^ which betokea the Vales where tl^ 
works are foC on foote. 

D 2 The 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

Caft^ni. ^^^ Captaincs office bindeth him to fort ech work^ 
man his taske, to fee them applie their labour, to make 
timely prouifion, for binding the worke with frames of 
Timber, if need exafk it, to place Pumpes for drawing 
of water, and to giue fuch other diredipns. . In moK 
places, their toyle is fo extreame, as they cannot endure 
It aboue foure houres in a day, bat are fucceeded by 
fpels : the refidue of the time» they weare out at Coytes^ 
Kayles, or like idle exercifes. Their Kalender alfo al- 
loweth them more Holy-dayes, then are warranted by 
the Church, our lawes, or their owne profit. 
9W//4, Their ordinarie tooles, are a Pick-axo of yron, about 

iixteene inches long, iharpaed at the one end to pecke>. 
and flat-headed at the other, to driqe certaine littk yron 
Wedges, wherewith they cleaue tibe Rockes. They naue 
alfo a broad Shouell, the vtter part of yroa, the middle 
of Timber, into which the ftaffe is flopewi£b faftned. 
Mantrof Their maner of working in the Lpadqiines, is to fol- 
HuorHwg. low the Load as it lieth, either Adelong, or downe-right :. 
both waies the deeper they fincke,, th^ greater they find 
the Load. When they light vpon a fpial veinc^or chance 
to leefe the Load which they wrought, by means of cer- 
taine firings that may hap to crofle it, they begin at an- 
other place neere-hand, and fo draw by gefle to the 
maine Load againe. If the Load lie right dowae>^ they 
follow it fometimes to the depth of fortie or fiftie fa- 
thome. Thefe Loadworfces, DiodSic. /. 5, cap. 8. fcemeth 
to point at, where hee faith, that the Inhabitants of Ve^ 
lerium Promontorit^ ^Igg^ vp Tia out of rqckie ground.. 
From fome of their bottaaies you fhal at noono dayei^: 
« dHcrie the Starres : the woi^koicn ace let d^QWB aiid tal^a 
vp ia a Stirrup, by twa men who wind th^ %offi. 



The firft Booh. 1 1 

If the Load He flopc-wife, the Tynncrs diggc a con- 
uenient depth, and then paiTe forward vnder ground, ib 
farre as the ayre will yeeld them breathing, which, as 
It beginheth to faile, xhtyjinke a Shaft downe thither 
from the top, to admit a renewing vent, which notwith- 
flanding, their worke is moft by Candle-light. la thefe Cm«#^. 
paflages, they meete fbmetimes with veric loofc earth, *•^'• 
fometimes with exceeding hard Rockes, and ibraetimes 
with great ftreames of wat.er. 

The loofe Earth is propped by frames rf Timber- Lo»fi 
worke, as they go, arid yet now and then falling do^ne, '^'^• 
cither preiTeth the poore workmen to death* or floppeth 
them from returning. To part the Rockcs, they bauc i^*fi^/- 
the foremencioned Axes, and Wedges, with which, 
moflly, they make ipeedie way, and yet (not feldome) 
are to tied by the teeth, as a good workman fhall hardly 
be able to hew three foote, in tb? fisiace of ib many 
weekes. While they thus play the Moldwarps^ vnfk- 
uorie D^mps doe here and there diflempcf their heads, Diu^n 
though not with fo much daunger in the confequencCji 
as annoyance for the prefent. 

For conueying awav the water, they pray in aide of ^^«^^ 
fundry deuices, as Aadits, Pumps & Wheeles^ drinen 
by a Areame, and interchangeably fiHing, and emptying 
two Buckets, with many fuch like : all which notwith- 
flanding, the Springs fo incroche vpon thefe inuentions^ 
as in fundrie places they are driuen to keepe men> and 
fome-where horfes alfo at worke both day & nighty 
without ccafing, and in fome all this will not ferue the 
turne. For fupplying fuch hard fcruices, they haue al- 
waies frelh men at hand. 

D 3 They 



Tie Survey of Cormoall 

Addit. ' They cal it the bringing of an Addit, or Audit, when 
they begin to trench without, and carrie the fame thorow 
the ground to the Tynworke, fomewhat deeper then the 
water doth lie, thereby to giue it paflage away. 

This Addit, they either fetch athwart the whole Load, 
or right from the braunch where they worke, as the 
next valley miniftreth fitteft opportunitie, for fooneft 
cutting into the Hil : and therfore a Gentleman of good 
knowledges, deduceth this name of Addit, Ab aditu ad 
aquas. Surely the pra£Uce is cunning in deuice, coftly 
in charge, and loflg in efFed;ing : and yet, when all is 
done, many times the Load falleth away, and they may 
fing with Auguftui bird. Opera & impenfa per tit. If you 
. did fee how aptly they caft the ground, for conueying 
the -water, by compamngs and turnings, to fhunne fuch 
hils & vallies as let them, by their two much height or 
lownefTe, you would wonder how fo great skill could 
couch in fo bafe a Cabbin, as their (otherwife) thicke 
clouded braines. 

Mmtrtf As much almofl: dooth it exceede credite, that the 

driffing. Tynne, for and in fo fmall quantitie, digged vp with fo 
great toyle, and paffing afterwards thorow the managing 
of fo many hands, ere it come to fale, fhould be any 
way able to acquite the cofl: : for being once brought 

Srimkinr ^^^^ ground in thc ftone, it is firft broken in peeces 
with hammers ; and then carryed, either in waynes, or 

itamfing. ou horfes backs, to a (lamping mill, where three, and in 
fome places fixe great logges of timber, bound at the 
ends with yron, and lifted vp and downe by a wheele, 
driuen with the water, doe breake it fmallen If the 
ftoncs be ouer-rmoyft, they are dried by the fire in an 

'^'*'* yron cradle or grate. 

From 



The firji Book. tz 

From the (lamping milJ, it paiTeth to the crazing mil, CrMing. 
which betweene two grinding ftones, turned alfo with a 
water-wheele» brufeth the fame to a fine fand : how* 
belt, of late times they moftly vfe wet ftampers, & fo 
ha'ue no need of the crazing mils for their bed .ftuffe, 
but only for the cruft of their taylesv 

The ftreamcr after it hath Ibrfaken the mill^ i& made WafiUg.^ 
to fall by certayne degrees one fomwhat diftant from- 
another ; vpon each of which,, at euery difcent lyeth a 
greene torfe,. three of foure foote fquare, and one foote. 
thick. On^this the Tinner layetha certayae portion of 
the fandie Tinne, and with his (liOQell foftly tofTeth. the 
iame to and fro, that through this ftirring, the water 
which runneth ouer it, may wafli away, the light earth 
from the Tinne, which of a- heauier fubftance lyeth faft 
on the turfe« Hauing fo. cleanfed one portion, he fetteth 
the fame afide,.and begkineth with another, vn til his la-^ 
bour take end with his taske. The beft ^f thofe turfes 
(for all forts ferue not) are fetched about two miles to 
the Eaftwards of S\ Michaeh Mount, where at a low 
water they caft afide the iand, and dig them vp : they 
are full of rootes of trees^ and on fome of them nuts haue 
beene found, which confirmeth my former afTertion of 
the feas intrufion. After it is thus wa(hed, they put the 
remnant into a wooden diib, brc^d, flat, and round, be- 
ing about two foote ouer, and hauing twohandles faf- 
tened at the fides, by which they foftly fhogge the fame 
to and fro in the water betweene their legges, as they 
fit ouer it, vntill whatfbeuer of the earthie fubftance 
that was yet left, be flitted away. Some of later time, 
with a freighter inuention, and lighter labour, doe 
caufe certaine boyes to ftir it vp and downe with their 

D 4. feete^, 



^he Suruey of Cormoall 

feete, which worketh the fame effed : the refidue^ after 

Sbartng this often cleaniing, they call blacke Tynne» which is 

U^h proportionably diuided to euerie of the aduentorers^ 

*'**'■ when the Lords part hath beene firft deduced vpon the 

whole. 
Miliing. Then doth each man carrie his portion to the blow* 
ing houfe, where the fame is melted with Char^coale 
fire» blowne by a great paire of Bellowes> mooued with 
a water-wheele» and fo caft into peeces of a long and 
. thicke fquarenefle^ from three hundred to foure hun- 
dred pound Waight^ at which time the owners marke 
is fet thereupon. The laft remooue, is to the place of 
Coynage^ which I (hall touch hereafter. I haue alrea«- 
die told you» how great charge the Tynner vndergoeth, 
before he can bring his Owre to this laft mill : whereto 
if you adde his care and coft, in buying the wood for 
this feruice, in fellings framing, and piling it to bee bur« 
ned, in fetching the fame, when it is coaled, through 
fuch farre, foale» and cumberfome wayes, to the blow- 
ing houfe, together with the blowers,- two ^r three 
Montths extreame and increafing labour, fweltring 
heate, danger of skalding their bodies, burning the 
houiesr, cafting away the worke, and lailly their ugly coun-* 
tenances, tanned with fmoake, and befmeared with 
fwcatc : all thefe things (1 fay) being duly considered, 
I know not whether you would more maruaile, either 
whence a fufficient gaine (hould arife to counteruaile 
fo manifold expenees, or that any gaine could traine 
men to i^ndertake fuch paines and perill. But there let 
vs leaue them, (ince their owne will doth bring them 
thither. During the Ti*ne6 thus melting in the blowing 
houfe, diners light fparklcs thei^eof are by the forcible 
7 wind, 



The Jirfi Booke. 1 3 

windy which the bellows fendeth forth, driuen vp to the 
thatched roofe. For which caufe the owners doe once 
in feuen or eight yeeres, burne thofe houfes, and find 
ib much of this light Tynne in the a(hes, as payeth for 
the new building, with a gainefoU ouerplus. A flrange 
pradtife (certes) for thrifts fake, to fet our houfe on fire; 
Others doe frame the Tunnels of the Chimnies verie 
large and flope, therein to harboqr thefe fparkks, and 
£0 (aue the burning. This cafualtie may bee worth the 
owner fome ten pound by the yeere, or better, if his 
Mil haue ftore of futors. But fithence I gathered ftickes 
to the building of this poore neft. Sir Francis Godolphirip 
(whofe kind helpe hath much aduanced thi$ mt playing 
labour) entertained a Duch mynerall man, and .taking 
light from h)s experience, but building thereon farre 
more prpfitable concluiions of his owae inuention, hath 
pradifed a more fatiing way in thefe matters, and befides^ * 
made Tynne with good profit, of that refuie which the 
Tynners reie^ed as nothing worth. 

We will now proceede, to take a view of the orders and 
cuftomes moA generally vfed among the Tynners. . 
- Their workes, both Streams and Load, lie either m 
feuerall, or in waftrell, that is, in enclofed grounds, or 
in commons. In Seuerai/, no man can (earch for Tynne, SiairalL 
without leaue firft obtained from the Lord of the foile ; 
who, when any Myne is found, may worke it wholly 
himfelfe, or aflbciate partners, or fet it out at a farme 
certaine, or leaue it vnwrought at his pleafure. In Wiaf' j/^Uf^n 
trelly it is lawful! for any man to make triall of his for- 
tune that way, prouided, that heq. acknowledge the 
LfOrdes right, by (baring out vnto him a certaine 
party which they call toll : a cufiome fauouring moi'e of 

£ indiffe- 



Tie Suruey cf CormoaU. 

indifFerencie, then the Tynners conftitutiona in Diuon^ 
which inable them to digge for Tynne in any mans 
ground^ inclofed, or vnclofedi withoot licence^ tribote 
or fatisfa£tion. Wherethrough it appearetb^ litat the 
Law- makers rather refpeffced their owne benefit^ then 
equitie, the true touch of all lawes. The Wajlrel mocWe^ 
are reckoned amongft chattels, and may pafle by word 
or Will. When a Myne i$ found in any fuch pkce^the 
firft diicouerer aymeth how farre it is lilcely to extend^ 
and then, at the foure corners of his limited proportion,^ 
diggeth vp three Turfes, and the like (if he lift) on 

Bimds. die fides, which they terme BminJing, and within that 
eompafle, euery other man is reftrained from fearching. 
Thefe bounds he is bound to renew once euerte yeere^ 
as alio in moil places to beftow fome time in working 
the Myne, btherWife hee lofeth this priuUodge. The 
worke thus found and bounded> looke haw many menr 

DMbi. doe labour therein, fo nniny Doales or (hares they make 
thereof, and proportionably dioide the gaine and char-^ 
ges. The Lord of the fbyle is mc^-^where allowed li« 
bertie to place one workman in euerie fifteene £v him-* 
felf, at like hand with the aduenturers, if hee be fb dif- 
pofed. 

Mafurt. They meafure their blacke Tynne, by the Gili^ the 
Topliffe^ the Dijh and the FootCf which containeth a pint» 
a pottel, a gallon, and towards two gallons* 

r^wnu Townes fpecially priuiledged for the Coynages, are 
for Cp9. Helfton, Truro, Lejlwithiel, and Ltskerd. The times of 

^Tims. Coynage come twife in the yeere. Viz. zhaatMui/wnmer 
and Michaelmas : but becaufe it falleth out verie often, 
that the Tynne which is wrought, cannot be hlowen 
and brought thither, againft the limited dayes, there 

are. 



7be firji Book. 14 

arci in fatsour of the Tynners^ certaine later times affign*- 

cd, which they tcrme Poft^oyniges. Pe/^-<?y»- 

The officers deputed to manage this Coynage, are« ^^,. 
Porters, to beare the Tynnc, Peizers to weigh iu ft 
Stewariif Comptroller, and Reeeiuer to keepe the ac- 
compt> euerie of which haue entertainement from her 
Maieitie, and receiue a fee o«t of the coyned Tynne. 

For the maner of Ctfynage : the Blockes or peeces cfCefna^i. 
Tynnc> are brought into a great roome ordained for 
that purpofe, and there firft peized^ then tailed, that is^ 
proued whether they be fbft Tynne or hard, and after, 
marked with their Maiefties ftampe. To the hard (leflb 
worth by fiftie {hillings in the thoufand than the foft) 
the letter H. is added, e're it come from the blowing*- 
houfe. * Each thoufand muft anfwere fqrtie (hillings to 
the Queene, which with the other incident fees being 
fatisfied, theui and not before, it is lawful! for the owner 
to alienate and diftradfc the fame. 

But about the price there groweth much adoq^ be- Prica 
tweene the Mafchants and the owners, before they can 
iumpe to an agreement. The Merchant irnfoldeth ^in 

£acke of flranze newes, which either he brought with 
im from London (where moft of them dwell) or forg*- 
ed by the way, telling what great likelyhood there is 
of warres, what danger of Pirates at Sea, how much of 
the fbre-boqght Tynne lieth on their hands, &C. The 
owner, on the other fide, (ix)ppeth his earcs againft thefe 
charmcs, anfweres his newes with the Spaniards, Credo 
en Dios, encounters his reafons, with the prefent fcarci*^ 
tie and charges of getting and working Tynne, and fd 
keeping vp tnc price, Iniqtoim petit, ut aquum/erat. In 
Che end, after much bidding, and louing, varying, and 

E 2 * delaying. 



77)6 Suruey of Cormoall. 

delaying, commonly that Marchant who hath moft 
money to beftow, and that owner who hath moft 
Tynne to fell, doe make the price, at which rate the 
Marchant is bound to yeeld prefent payment for to 
much Tynne as (hall be brought him, and, of necef* 
£tie, muft bargaine. for tenne thoufand at the leaft. 
Others notwithftanding ace not bound to buy or fell at 
this price, but euerie ilian left at liber tie, to make his 
beft market. 

The Tynne fo fold, hath vfually amounted hereto- 
fore to the worth of thirtie or fortie thoufand pound in 
money, and carried price betweene twentie and thirtie 
pound the thoufand, fometimes higher, and fometimes 
lower, according to the quicke vent and aboundance, 
or the dead fale and fcarcitie ; wherein yet fopie haue 
obferued, that this fo profitable, and vendible a mar- 
chandize, rifeth not to a proportionable enhauncement, 
with other lefTe beneficial!, and afFe<fted commodities, 
and they impute it partly to the Eafterne buyers pack- . 
ing, partly to the owners not venting, and venturing 
thi fame. 
9>m Here I muft either craufe or take leaue of the Lofh- 

j^'> •/ doners^ to lay open the hard dealing of their Tynne Mar- 
iwdomtn. ^^^^^^8 ^^ ^^^ trade. When »ny Wcftern Gent, or perfbn 
of accompt, wanteth money to defray his expences at 
London^ he reforteth to one of the Tynne Marcjiants of 
his acquaintance, to borrow fome : but they ,fhall as 
ibone wreft the Clubbe out oi Hercules fift, as one penie 
out of their fingers, vnlefie they giue botnd for euerie 
twentie pound fo taken in lone, to deliuer a thoufand 
pound waight of Tyn at the next Coynage,. which 
flial be within two Ojr three mo'nths, or at 'fartheft 

withia 



Tie firft Booh. 15 

trithin half a yeere after. At which time the price of 
cuerie thoufand, will not faile to be at leaft twcntie threct 
prehaps twentie five pound: yea, and after promife 
made, the party muft be driuen (with fome indignitie) , 
to make three or foare errands to his houfe» ere hce ihall 
get the money deKuered. In this fort, fome one Mar- 
chant will haue 5. hundred pound out beforehand, reap- 
ing thereby a double commoditie, both of excefliuegainc 
for his lone, and of affurance to be feraed with Tynnc 
for his money. This they fay is no Vfurie^ forfooth, 
becaufe the price of Tynne is not|:ertainely knowne be- 
forehand : (for once onely within thefe twelue yeeres, of 
fet purpofe to efcape the penaltie of the Law, they 
brought it a little vnder twentie pound the thoufand :) 
but if to take aboue fiftie in the hundred be extremitie, 
whatfbeuer name you lift to giue it, this in truth can bee 
none other, then cutthroate and abominable dealing* I 
will not condemne all fuch as vfe this trade, neither yet 
acquite thofe who make greateft pretence of zeale in Re-^ 
ligion : and it may be, that fome vpon by-refpe£ts» find 
fomwhat friendly vfagc in Vfance^ at fom6 of their hands.: 
but the common voice failii, that^ir the mofi part, they 
are naught oM. 

And yet how bad foeuer this fafhion may juftly bee O/C^mt- 
accompted, certaine of the fame Countrymen do pafle J^'/***^^ 
farre beyond it, as thus : The Marchant, that hee may 
ft and aifured to haue Tynne for bis money, at the time 
of Coynage or deliuerance, befides his trade of lone 
abouementioned, layeth out diuers fummes' before- 
hand, vnto certaine Cornijhmen^ owners of Tynworkes, 
or othcrwife of knowne fufficiencie, who are bound to 
deliuer for the iame, fo ipany thoufands of Tyone^ as 

E3 the 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

Che money (hal amount vntOt after the price agreed vpon 
at the Coynages. To thefe hungrtc flies, the poore U- 
boaring Tynner reforteth^ defiring feme money before 
the time of his pay at the deliuerance : the other puts 
him ofF at firft^ anfwering he hath none to fpare : in 
the endy when the poore man is driuen through necef- 
iitie to renew his fuite, he fals to queftioning^ what hee 
will do with the money. Saith the Tynner, I will buy 
bread and meate for my felfe and my houfhold, and 
(hooeSy hofen, peticoates, & fuch like ftu(Fe for my wife 
and children. Sudd^ly herein, this owner becomes a 
pettie chapman : I will feme thee, faith he : hee de- 
liuers him fo much ware as {hall amount to fortie (hil- 
lings, in which he cuts him halfe in halfe for the price, 
and four nobles in money, for w^iich the poore wretch 
is bound in Darbyes bonds, to deliuer him two hundred 
waight of Tynne at the next Cdynage, which may then 
bee worth fiue pound or foure.at the verie lead. And a^ 
mifehiefe ftill creepes onward, this extreme dealing of 
the Lon^M Marcbant and Counfrie chapman, in white 
Tynne is imitated (or rather exceeded) by the wealthier 
fi>rt of Tynners tbemfelue$«in the blacke, by laying 
out their money after thus much the noarke : which 
trade, though fubtiU and darke, I will open as plainely 
as I can. 

A Ibote of bkcke Tynne (as is before iaid) containeth 
In meaflire two gallons ; the waight vncertainely fol* 
loweth the goodneiTe. A fbote of good Moore-tyn, 
(which is counted the beft fort) will way about foure- 
icon pound. Of the Myne Tynne ( whi^h is meaner) 
fiftie two pound : of the worft fiftie pound. Two pound 
of good blacke Tynne, being melted, will yeeld one of 
8 white : 



The fir ft Boole. 1 6 

ivhite : twentic eight or thktie foote of the bcft, fortie : 
of the middle, 52. of the meaneft, a thoufand. Now 
the wealthier fort of Tynners, laying out fwt of their 
money beforehand, buy this black Tynne of the poorei 
labourers, after fo much the marke : that is, lookc; hoftr 
many markes there are in the price, made at 1^MtC9ynage 
for the thoofand, fo many two pence halfepenie, three 
pence, or foure pence, partly after the gocdneiTe, and 
partly according to the hard confcience of the one, and 
neceffitie of the other, (hal he hauie for &e foote : a^ 
if the price be twentie fixe pound, thirteene fluUinga &; 
foure pence the thoufand, therein are fortie markes : 
then (hair the poore Tynner recef ue of him who dealeth 
moft friendly, for euetieioote of his beft hlacke TyiUM 
(of which as was faid, about thirtie will make a thott*r 
(and) fortie times fbure pence : w%. thirteeoe fhtlUiigs 
and foure pence, which atnountetb to* twentio poismd the 
thoufand : whereas that fbote aft the price, iS' Worths 
aboue fine pence the mafke. Likewife will hee pay for 
the meaner blacke TyAne (of which about fortir foote 
will mak^ a thoufand) three pence the markp, wbkb is 
tea (hillings the foote, and fo ihall be have alfo after 
twentie pound for the thou&nd : lor the worie they 
giue leile, rafeably. By which proportion, how vnccfr 
taine fo euer the goodneife of the Tynne, or the great- 
neife of the price do fall, their gaine of a fourth part at 
leafl: rifeth alwaies certainly. Whereto adding, thdii 
they lay out beforehand but a portioa of the nwmeji 
due, and that onely for fdme fmall time, you ihall find it 
grow to the higheft degree of extremitie. 

But whether it proceedeth from this hard dea]iog« ^ 
or for that the Tynners whole familie giue thcmfeluca 

E 4 to 



^he Suruey of CormoalL 

to a lazie kind of life^ and depend only upon his labour 
and gaynes ; which often ill fucceeding adventurers, & 
fuch ouer-deare bought Tynne daylie impaire, or from 
both thefe together ; once it hath beene duly obferued, 
that the parri(hes where Tynne is wrought, reft in a 
' meaner plight of wealth, then thofe which want this 
dammageable commoditie : and that as by abandoning 
this trade, they amend, fo by reuiuing the fame, they 
decay againe; whereas husbandrie yeeldeth that cer- 
tayne gaine In a'mediocritie, which Tynneworkes ra- 
ther promife^ then performe in a larger meafure. 
Primligtu ^' ^^ ^^^ examine what courfe of luftice is held 
amdcQurfi for deciding fuch contFOuerfies as befall in Tinne caufes^ 
fJ^wii ^"^ ^^^ Vih^x priuileges they arc endowed and cn- 
cufi/$j. cooraged* 

After fuch time as the lewes by their extreame dea- 
ling had worne themfdue^, firft out of the loue of the 
EngliCh inhabitants, and afterwards out of the land it 
felfe, and fo left the mines ynwrought, it hapned, that 
certaine Gentlemen, being Lords of feuen tithings in 
Blackmo^re^ whofe grounds were beft ftored wi^h this 
Minerall, grewe deiirous to renew this benelit : and 
io vpon fuit made to Edmond Earle of Cornwall fonne to 
Richard king of the Romant^ theyobtayned from him a 
. Chartir. Charter, with fundrie Priuileges : amongft whicbi it 
was graunted them to keepe a Court, and hold plea of 
all adions, life, lymme, and land excepted : in fonfide- 
ration whereof, the fayd Lords accorded to pay the 
Earle a halfpeny for euery pound of Tynne which 
fliould be wrought ; and that for better aniwering this 
taxc, the fayd Tynne fhould bee brought to certayne 
places purpofely appointed^ and there peized, coyned, 

and 



Thejirfi Bookel 17 

and kept, vntUl the Earles due were fatisfied. Againe, 
the Lord€ of tbefe Tithings, were, for their parts, au- 
tfaorifed to manage all Stannerie caufes, and, for that 
inteAt, to hold parliamenta at their difcretion, and in 
regard of their laboor, there was allotted vnto them the 
tDll-Tynne within thofe Tithings, which their fuccef- 
fours doc yet enioy. This Charter was to be kept m 
one of the Church fteeples, within thofe Tithings, and 
the Scale had a Pick-axe and Shouell in faultier grauen 
therein. This I receiued by report of the late mafter 
Wiiiiam CarnJeWf a Gentleman of good qualitte, difcre-» 
tion, and learning, and well experienced in thefe my->' 
nerall caufes, who auouched himfelfe an eye»witnefle 
of that Charter, though now it bee not extant. Howbdif^ 
I have fearned, that in former time, the Tyilners 6b^ 
tained a Charter from king lohn^ and afterwards another 
from king Edward the firft^ which were againe ex<« 
ftonnded, confirmed and inlarged by Parliament, in the 
fiftieth yeem of Edward the third, and laftly ftrengthen* . 
ed by Heftrie the feuenth. 
' King £</zt^^^ the firfts Chaiter, granterh them liberty 
of felling theiir Tynne, to their heft behoofir. Ntfi (faith 
fae^) ms tpjiemeri v$luirimus. Vpon which ground cer- 
taine perfbns in the Reigties of K. Edward 6« & Qoeene 
Marie, (bugln to« make vfe of this preemption, (as I Pramfs 
have beeae e»form«d) but either crofted in the profc^^'^ 
ctrtion, or defeated in their expe6t:afion> gaofc it oner 
againe; which valine fuecefle conld nor yer difcourage 
fome others of later tioAe^ from the like attempt^ alteadg* 
itifi many reafons bow it mig^t proue benefitriall both 
^ to'her Highnefle and the Countrie, and preiudiciall to 
none fade onely- the 'Ma^ams> who pitldiifed a iarre 

F worfe 



iThe Suriuy af Cornwall. 

fcope^ to auerre what they lift» and ib to c!o(e the bed 
Lawyers mouth wi|h this one fpeech, Our cujlome is cm-^ 
Jraty. Aad laftly, that theyprefunae upon a kind of im- 
punity» becaufe thefe fixe mens iuries fall not within 
cdmpafle of the Star-chambers cenfure^ and yet the L« 
Wardens haue now & then made the pillory punifliment 
of fome, a fpe£fcacle> example^ and warhingto the refi- 
due. For mine owne part, I can in thefe T^nqe cafes, 
plead but a hearefay experience^ and therefore will dnely 
inferre, that as there is no fmoke without a fire;, fb com- 
monly the fmoke is far greater thep the fire. Strange 
it were, and not to be expected, that all poore T^nne 
lurours and witnefles^ (hould in fuch a remote corner 
alwayes confbrmc themfelues to the precife rule of vp- 
rightnefie, when we fee in the open fight of our public 
affifeSy fo many more iudicious and fubfiantiall perfons 
now and then to fwarue from the f^me. 

In matters of important confequence, appertayning 
to the whole Statmery^ the L. Warden, or his Vnder- 
warden, vfeth to imp^nnell a lury of fourc and twenty 
principall Tynners, which confift of fixe out of euery 
quarter, returnable by the Maiors of the foure Stannery. 
townes, and whofe a^s doe bind the rcfidue. 
nim0/ 'N^xt ^o ^be liudeffe things, follow thofe which per- 
il^, take a growing life, and then a feeling. 

The women and children in the Weft part of Corn-- 

HvalU doe vfe to make Mats of a fmall and fine Idnde of 

Gr^ha bents there growing, which for their warme and well 

MMis. wearing, are carried by fea to London and other parts of 

" the Realme, and ferue to couer floores and wals. Thefe 

bents grow in fandy fields, and are knit from ouer the 

head in narrow bredths after a ftrange fafhion. 

8 Of 



The firfi Booh. ,19 

Of herbes and rootcs for the pot and medicine, G?/-- ^^^^^^ 

nijhmen cflioy a like portion in proportion with Other 

Shires, which fomcwherc alfo receiueth an increafe 

bv the fbwing and planting of fuch as arc brought tht* 

ther from beyond tne feas. The like may bee fayd of 

rootes, and fallets for the table, faue that (I fuppofe) 

Cornewdl naturally bringeth forth greater ftore of Sed^ 

holm and Sampire^ then is found in any other Cotinty of 

this ReaTme. The Seaholme rootc prefenieth eyther \n 

firrup. Or by canding, is accepted for t great rcftoratiue. 

Some of the gaully grounds doe alfo yeeld plenty of 

Rofa folis. Moreouer natures liberall hand decketh^ 

many of the fea cliffes with wilde Hiffbp^ Sagt, Pela^^ 

mountayne^ Maiorum^ Rofemary^ and foch like well^ik^ 

uouring herbes. 

In times paft^ the Cornijh people gaue themfelues' 
principally, (and in a marrcr wholly) to the fceking of 
Tynne, and negleded husbandry: fo as the neigh-* 
hours of Deuon and Sommerfet fliires, hired their paf* 
tures at a rent> and ilored them with theyr owttc 
cattelL 

As for tillage^ it came farre fhort of feeding the Inha«- 
bitants mouthes, who were likewife fupplyed weekel^" 
at their markets from thofe places, with man^ hna- 
dred quarters of corne and horfeloades of bread. Bat 
when the Tynneworkcs began to fayle, and the people 
to increafe, this doubfc neceffitie d^ue them to play 
the good husbands, and to proaide come of their Cirw. 
owne. Labour brought plentie, plentie cheapnefle^ 
and cheapnefle fought a vent beyond the feas, fome by 
procuring licence, and' more by ftealth (if at leaft the 
common brute doe not wrong diem with a ilatmder) * 

F3 • fo . 



Tjbe Suruey of Cornwall. 

that dearth of corne in Cornwall (for with other Shires I 
will not vndertake to oieddle) fo it go not accompanied 
with a fcarcitie, is no way preiudiciall to the good of 
the Countrie ; and I am induced thus to thinke, for the 
reafoos enfuing : There are no two trades, which fet fo 
many bands on worke, at all times of the yeere, as that 
one of Tillage. The Husbandman finding profit herein, 
is encouraged to beftow paines and charges^ for enclofing 
and drefiing of wafte grounds, which therethrough 
afterwardes become alfo good for pafture. With the rea* 
die money, gQtten by his weekely felling of come, he 
ietteth the Artificer on worke, who were better to buy 
deare breads being but a part of his meate, and which 
he counteruaileth againe^ by raifing the price of his 
ware^ then tf> fit idly, knocking bis heeles againd the 
wall. Their obiediion, who feare leafi: the tranfporting 
of much away, will leaue too little at home^ I anfwere 
with this obfervation ; When the price of corne falleth, 
mca generally giue ouer furplus Tillage, and breake no 
more gromid, then will feicue to fuppUe their owne turne : 
the redj they imploy in grazing, wherethrough it falleth 
ou^ ^hax ai^ ill kerned or faued Harueft, foone eoxptieth. 
their oUilore, & Icaueth them in necefilty, to feeke new ' 
reliefe fro(9. other places. Whereas oa the other fide, 
if through hope of vent, they, hold qn their larger til- 
lagic^this retaineth on^^ yeeres prouifion vnder*band, to 
fetch io another, which vpon fu^h occafions, mayi eafily 
be? Ifi^.at.homp: and of this, vih^.Corni/hman is there, 
tha^ ha|^ not icene the experience ? 
Fruits. For. 5'raitpf, both w.ild, as/ Whorts^ Strawbcries, an4 
Rafpies, and longing to the Orchard, a^ Peares, I^ums, 
Pearepl«f9tDes4 Cherries,. Mulberi(i6».Gh$ficniits» and 

Wallnuts, 



The firji Booke. ai 

Walnuts, though the meaner fort come Oiort, the Gen- 
tlemen ftep not farre behind thofe of other parts ; many 
of them conceiuing like delight to graffe and plant, 
and the foyle yeelding it felfe as ready to receyue and 
fofier. Yet one fpeciall priuiledge, which the neerencflc 
to the South, the fitnelTe of fome grounds (landing vpon 
lyme ftones, the wel growing of Vines, and the pleafant 
tafte of their Grapes, doe feeme to graunt, I haue not 
hitherto knowne by any to bee put in pradiife, and 
thai is, the making of Wines : the triall would require 
little coft, and (perhaps) requite it with great aduan- 
tage. 

For fewell, there grow.eth generally in all parts great Piwtt. 
ilore of furze, of which the &rubby fort is called tame, 
the better growne French, & in fome, good quantitie of 
Broome. The Eaft quarters of the Shire are not defti- 
tute of Copfwoods^ nor they of (almofl) an intolerable ^^^^ . 
price : but in moft of the Weft, either nature hath de- 
nyec^ that commodity, or want of good husbandry loft " 
it. ' Their few parcels yet preferued, are principally im- 
ployed to coaling, for blowing of Tynne. This lacke 
they fupply, either by Stone cole, fetched out of Wales, 
or by dried Turfes, fome of which are alfo conuerted in- 
to coale, to ferue the Tynners turne. 

Timber hath in Cornwall as in other places, taken an rmhir. 
vniuerfall downefall, which the Inhabitants begin now, 
and (hall heereafter rue more at leifure : Shipping, how- 
(ing, and ve(rell, haue bred this confumption : neither 
doth any man (welnere) feek to repayre fo apparant end 
important a decay. As for the ftatute Standles, com- 
monly called Hawketrees, the breach of the fea, & force 
of the weather doe fo pare and gall them, that they can 

G paflc 



life. 



tTcrmit, 






MarHn, 
Trrwy 



Tie Suruey of Conmall. 

pade vnder no better title then fcar-crowts. 

Among creatures of a breathing life^ I will only 
note fuch as minifler fome particular caufe of remem- 
brance. 

Touching venimous WormcSj CornwaH can plead no 
fuch Charter of natures exemption, as Ireland. The 
countrey people retaine a conceite^ that the Snakes^ by 
their breathing about a hazell wan<}, doc make a ftonc 
ring of blew colour, in which there appeareth the yeKow 
figure of a Snake^ &c that beads which ape ftung, being 
giuen to drink of the water wherein this ftone bath bene 
focked, will therethrough recouer. There was fuch a 
one beftowed on me, and the giu^r auowed to haue 
feene a part of the ftick (licking in it : but Pews au- 
thorm fit fides. 

This mention of Snakes, called to my remembrance^ 
how not long fince, a merry Cornijh Gentleman tryed 
that old fable to be no fable^ which fheweth the dange- 
rous entertayning of fuch a gheft. For he hauing got- 
ten one of that kind, and broken out his teeth (wherein 
confifteth his venome) u(ed to carrie him about in bis 
bo(bme, to fet him to his mouth, to make him Hcke hia^ 
i^ittle, & when he came among Gentlewomen^ would 
caft him out fuddenly, to put thecn in feare : but in tbe 
end, their vaine dread proued fafer then his foole-haidi- 
nefle : for as he once walked alone, and was kifling this 
gefttle playfellow, the Snaie in good earneft, with a 
ftumpe, cither newly growne vp, or not fully pulled out, 
bit him faft by the tongue, which therewith began fo to 
rankle and fwell, that by the time hee bad knocked this, 
foule player on the head> & was come to his place of 
abodcjp his mouth was fcarce able to contayne iti Fayne 

was^ 



Tthe Jirft Bonie. , 22 

wa§ he therefore to fliew his mt(haf$» and by geftures to 
craue ayd in earned of the Gentlewomen, whom hee 
had aforetioie often feared in fpo(rt. 

Of all maner vermide, Corntjh hotifes are mod peftred Ran. 
with Ratsy a brood very hurtfull for deudfurirtg of moLX^ 
clothes, and writings by day; and alike cumberfome 
through their crying and ratling, while they daunce their 
gallop gallyards in the roofe at night. 

Strangers, at their firft comtning into the Weft parts, 
doe complayne thit they are vlfited with the floWfe fixe- 
legged walkers, and yet the cleanely home-borne finde lue. 
no fuch annoyance. It may proteed from fome larking 
haturall effcft of the Climate; as wee read, that the 
trauailers who pafTe the Equinodialt, doe there lofe this 
manlike hunting vermine^ and vpon their returne re- 
couer them agarne. . 

The other beaftes which Cornwall breedeth, ferue ei- F«rw. 
ther for Venerie, or meate> or neceffary vfes. Beaftes 
of Venery perfecuted for their cafe, or dammage fekfance^ 
are Marternes, Squirrels^ Foxes f Badgers^ arid OtiiN. Pro* 
fitable for skinne and flefh, Hares^ Conies and Deite. The 
Foxe planteth his dwelling in the fteep cliftes by the fea 
fide ; where he poiTeiTeth holds, fo nmny in number, fo 
daungerous for acce^, and fo fo!l' of windings, as in a 
maner it falleth out a matter itkiipoftible to difley:^e him 
of this his ancient inheritance. True it is, that fometimc 
when hb marcfaetli abroad on forraying, t6 reuittaile his 
Mdepdrdusi the €aptaine hunters; difcouering his faltfes 
by their Efpyal, doc hiy their fouMier-like Hounds, Ks 
foorAe enemies, in ambufti betweehe hitn and hdnie, and 
fo with Bar and l^w porfue hikn to the death. Thca 
inafter Reignard ranfacketh euery cornel^ of his wily 

G 2 skoofce, 



The Suruey of CornwalL 

vkonce^ and beilurreth the vttnoft of his nimble (lumps 
to quite his coate from their iawes. He croiTeth brookes, 
to make them iofe the fent, he flippeth into couerts^ to 
fteale out of light* he cafteth and coafteth the qountrie, 
to get the ftart of the way ; and if hee be fo met, as he 
£nd himfelfe ouermatched, he abideth, and biddeth 
them battel!, firft fending the myre of his tayle againft 
their eyes, in lieu of (hot, and then manfully doling at 
hand-blowes, with the fword of his teeth,' not forgetting 
yet, the whiles, to make an honourable retrai(^, with 
his face ilill turned tpwardes the enemie : by which 
meanes, hauing once recouered his fortrefle, he then 
gives the FicOf to all that his aduerfaries can by fiedge». 
force, myne, fword, afTault, or famine^ attempt againd 
him. 
Ottirs. '^he Otters, though one in kind, haue yet two (euerall 

places of haunt : fome keepe the ClifFes, and there breede^ 
and feede on Sea-fi(h > others liue in the frelh ryuers, 
and t^ade not fo farre downe^ who being lefTc ilored 
with prouifion, make bold now and then to vifite the 
land,, and to breake their fall upon the good-mans Lambs, 
or the good-wiues pultrie. 

Of Cooies, there are here and there fome few h'ttk 
Warrens, fcantly worth the remembring. 

Cornwall was flored not long fince with many Parkes 

Deeri of fallow Dccrc. But king Henrie the eight being per- 

/-//^«'- fwaded (as it is faid) >y Sir Richard Pollard, that^thofc 

belonging to the Duke, could fteed him with little plea- 

fure in fo remote a part, and would yeeld him good 

profit, if they were leafed out at an improoued rent, did 

condifcend to their difparking.< So foure of thein 

8. tookc: 



He firfl Booke. 2j 

to^e a fall together, to wit, Cary bullock^Liskerd^ Refior'- 
mel and Lanteghf. Howbcit, this good husbandric came 
ihort of the deuifers promife, and the Kings expedtation : 
wherethrough the bne was (hent for the attempt, and 
the other difcontehted with the efie(ft« Notwithftand- 
ing, as Princes examples are euer taken for warrantable 
precedents to the fubiefl: : fo mod of the Cornijh Gen- 
tlemen preferring gaine to delight, or making gaine 
their delight, fhorily after followed the like pradtife, and 
made their Deere leape over the Pale to giue the bul*- 
lockes place. 

Parkes yet remaining, are in Eaft Handred, Poole, Sir Porkts, 
lonathanT'relawneys: newly reuiued, Halton, M. Roufes^ 
lately impaled : and Newton, M* Coringtons, almoft de<* 
cayed-' In Weft Hundred, Boconnock, Sir Reginald 
Mohuns. In Powder Hundred, Caryhayes, M. Treua^ 
mons. In Stratton Launcels, M. Chamonds. In Kerier 
Hundred, Trela warren, M. Viruans : and Merther, M. 
Reskymers. 

Red Deere, this Shire breedeth none, but onely re- R^ddup^ 
ceiueth fuch, as in the Summer feafon raunge thither 
out of Deuon : to whome the Gentlemen bordering on 
their haunt, afford fo courfe entertainment,, that with* 
out better pleading their heeles, they are^faine to de- 
liuer vp their carcafes for a pledge, to anfwer their tref- 
pafles. 

Beaftes feruing for meate onely, or Pigs, Goates, 
Sheepe, and Rother cattell. For meate, draught, and 
plowing. Oxen : for carriage, and riding, horfes : for 
gard, attendance, and^ pleafure. Dogs of fundrie forts. 

What time the Shire, through want of good manur 
cance^ lay wafte and open, the Sheepe had generally Siitfe:- 

G i little 



7i5^ Suruey of CormvalL 

little bodies, and. courfc fleeces, fo as their Wooll bare 
no better name, then oiCorntfh hay re, and for fuch hath 
(from all auncientie) beene tranfported, without paying 
cuftooie. But fince the grounds began to receiue en- 
clofure and drefling for Tillage, the nature of the foyle 
hath altered to a better graine, and yceldeth nourifli- 
ment in greater aboundance, and goodneflfe, to the 
beaftes that pafture thereupon \ So as, by this meanes 
(and let not the owners commendable induftrie^ turne 
to their furcharging preiudice, leafl too foone they grow 
wearie of well-doing) Cornijh Sheepe come but little be- 
hind the Eafterne flockes, for bignes of mouldy fineneffe 
of Wooll often breeding, fpeedie fatting, and price of 
fale^ and in my conceyte equall, if not exceede them in 
fweetneiTe of taile, and freedome from rottenneife and 
fuch other contagions. As for their number, while 
euerie dweller hath fome, thotigh none keepe many, it 
may fumme the totall to a iolly rate. Mofl of the Cor^ 
nijh (heepe haue no homes, whofe Wool is 'finer in qua* 
litie, as that of the horned more in quantitie : yet, in 
fome places of the Countie there are that Carrie fbure 
homes. 
CasiilL The Deuon and Somerfetjhire graiiers, fcede yeerely 
great droueJ of Catteli in the North quarter of Cornwall^ 
and vtter them at home, which notwithflanding, Beefe, 
Whitfull, Leather or Tallow, bearc not any extraor- 
dinarie price in this Countie, beyond the rate of 
other places : and yet, the oportunitie of fo many 
Hauens, tempteth the Marchants (I doubt me, beyond 
their power of refiftaunce) now and then to fleale a 
tranfportation^ and befides, vttereth no fmall quantitie 
for the reuitailing of weather*driuen fliippes. Some 
7 Gentle- 



The firfi Booh. zj^ 

Gentlemen fuffer their beaftes to runoe wilde, in their 
Woods and wafto grounds, where they are hunted and 
killed with CroflcboweSf and Peeces, ii) the maner of 
Deere, and by their fiercencfle> and warine^e, feenoe to 
baue put on a part of the others nature. Each Oxe 
li^atfa his feuerall name, vpon which the driaers call 
aloud, both to dired and gioe them courage as they ate 
at worke. 

The Cornijh horfes^ commonly are hardly bred, couriie- Horfit., 
]y fed, low of ikatuffe^ quicke in trauell, and (after their 
growth and ftrength) able inough £or continuance r 
whkh fort proue moft feiruiceablc for a rough and billy 
Countries fi^xt verie few of them (ihiough the owners 
fault) retaine long this iheir naturall goodneflc^ For 
after two yceres age, they v& them to carrie fackes of 
Sanit, which bowe& downe,^ asd weaknetk their backes, 
and the next Sunvmer they ace iaiployed in barrowin£^ 
which marreth their pace. Two meaoes that fa quaiw 
alfo their ftomackes, and abate thetc flcength, as the 
fifft rider fiadeth them ouer^broken to his hands. How- 
bcit now, from naogha, they are almofli come to nought :^ 
For iince the Statute 12. of Henry the eight,, whicb 
enabl<^th eueri man to ieize vpon horfes that paftured 
in Commons, if they were vnder a certaine ii&r the 
Sherifes officers, reckoning themfelues fpecially priui- 
ledged to poll in their mafters yeere, baue of late 
times, whether by his. commandement, or fufferance, 
accuftoteed' to driue thofe wafte grounds, and to feize 
on thofe not volqntacie flattite-breaking TitS, fo aa- 
nature denying a great harace, ^nd thefe carrying away, 
the little, it refteth, diat hereafter, not the dammes^ 
Foale» btt( the dames Trotters, be.tr uilied vi^o. This con- 

O4 fiderationi 



^be Suruey of Cornwall. 

fideration hath made me entertain a conceiCe, that ordi« 
narie Husbandmen (hould doe well to quit breeding of 

Moyltu Horfes, and betake themfelves to Moyles : for that is a 
beaft, which will fare hardly. Hue verie long, tirawe in- 
differently well, and carrie great burdens, and hath alfb 
a pace fwift, and eafie enoug^i, for their Mill and 
market feruice. By which meanes, looke what is abated 
from the vfuall number of Hackaies, (hould (with a 
gainefull recompence) be added to their goodnes : and 
hereof this quarter hath alreadie taken fome experiment. 
For, not long fithence, it hapned that one brought ouer 
an hpe AfTe, from France^ becaufe of the itrangeneile 
of the beaft (as euerie thing where it comes firft, ferves 
for a wonder) who following his kind, begat many 
mongers, viz. Moyles, and for monilers indeed, the 
Countrie people admired them, yea, fome were fo wife, 
as to knocke on the head, or giue away this iifue of 
his race, as vncouth mongrels. 

iBiW/. Amongft living things on the land, after Beaftes, fol- 

low Birds, who feeke harbour on the earth at night, 
though the ay re bee the greateft place of their haunt by 
day. 

Of tame Birds, Cornwall hath Doues, Geefe, Ducks» 
Peacockes, Ginney duckes, China geefe, Barbarie hennes^ 
and fuch like. 

Of wild, Quaile, Raile, Partridge, Fefant, Ploucr, 
Snyte, Wood-doue, Heathcocke» Powte,' &c. 

HTcod'^ But, amongft all the reft, the Inhabitants are mod 

c0€ka. beholden to the Woodcockes, who (when the feafon 
of the yeere affbrdeth) flocke to them in great aboun- 
dance. They arriue firft on the North-coaft, where al- 
moft euerie hedge ferveth for a Roade, and euerie pl^- 

{hootc 



rh firft Booh. J85 

iboote for Springles to take them. From whence^ as 
the moyft places which fupplie them food^ beginne to 
freeze vp, they draw towards thofe in the South coaft, 
which are kept more open by the Summers neerer 
neighbourhood : and when the Summers heate (with 
the fame efFed from a contrarie caufe) dricth vp thofe 
plaflies, nature and neceflitie guide their returne to the 
Northern wetter foyle againe. 

Of Hawkes, there are Mar/ions^ Sparhawkesj Hobbiesy Hdwhs. 
and fome where Lannards. As for the Sparhawk^ though 
fhee ferue to file little aboue fixe weekes in the yeere», 
and that onely at the Partridge, where the Faulkner and 
Spanels muft alfo now and then fpare her extraordinaric 
affiftance; yet both Cornijh and Deuonjhire men employ 
fo much trauaile in feeking, watching, taking, man* 
ning, nulling, dieting, curing, bathing, carrying, and 
mewi/ig them, as it oiuft ncedes proceede frona a grea- 
ter folly, that they cannot difcerne their folly herein. 
To which you may adde, their bufie, dangerous, dif- 
courteous, yea, and fometimes defpiteful (lealing one 
from another of the Egges and young ones, who, if 
they were allowed to aire naturally, and quietly, there 
would bee ftore fufficient, to kill not onely the Par- . 
tridges, but euen all the good-hufwiues Chickens in a 
Couritrie. 

Of finging Birds, they haue Lynnets, Goldfinches, 
Ruddbckes, Canarie birds, Blacke-birds, Thrufhes, and 
diuers other i but of Nightingals, few, or none at all, 
whether through fome naturall antipathie, betweene 
them and the foyle (as Plinie Writeth, that Cr^r< foftereth Nat.Wfl. 
not any Owles,' nor Rhodes Eagles,, nor Larius lacus in *• *®* 
Italy Storkes) or rather for that the Country is generally 

H bare 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

hare of couert and woods, which they affed, I leaue to 
be difcufTed by others. 

Not long fithence^ there came a, fiocke of Birds into 
Cornwall, about Harueft feafon, in bignefTe not much 
exceeding a Sparrow, which made a foule fpoylc of the 
Apples. Their bils were thwarted croflc-wife at the 
end» and with thefe they would cut an Apple in two, at 
one fnap, eating onely the kernels. It was taken at firfl, 
for a forboden token, and much admired, but, foone after, 
notice grew, that Glocefter Shire, and other Apple Coun- 
tries, haue them an ouer-familiar harme. 

In the Weft parts oiGornwall, during the Winter fea- 

BinaUows. ^"^^^ Swallowes are found fitting in old deepe Tynne- 

workes, and holes of the fea Cliffes : but touching their 

lurking places, Olaus Magnus maketh a farre ftranger re- 

^b. t . P^*"** ^^^ ^® ^^*^^» ^^^^ ^" ^^^ North parts of the world, 
as Summer weareth out, they clap n^outh to mouth, 
wing to wing, and legge in legge, and fo after a fweete 
finging, fall downe into certaine great lakes or pooles 
amongft the Canes, from whence at the next Spring, 
they receiue a new refurre£tion ; and hee addeth for 
proofe hereof, that the Fifliermen, who make holes in 
the Ice, to dip vp fuch fifli with their nets, as refort 
thither for breathing, doe (bmetimes light on thefe 
Swallowes, congealed in clods, of a flymie fubftance, and 
jhat carrying them home to their Stoues, the warmth 
reftoreth them to life and flight : this I haue feene con- 
firmed alfo, by the relation of a Venetian Ambafladour, 
employed in Poland, and heard auowed by trauaylers 
in thofe parts : Wherethrough I am induced to giue it 
a place of probabilitie in tny mind, and of report in this 
treatife« 

I After 



Hje firft Booh. 26 

After hauing thus laid open euerie particular of the 
land) naturall order leadeth my next labour, to bee iai« 
ployed about the water^ and the things incident there- fTaor. 
unto : the, water I feuer into frefli and fatt. 

Touching frefli Water, euerie hill wel-necre fendeth Frejb 
forth plentiful!, fre£b, cleare and pleafant fprings, all^'*''^'* 
profitable for moyilning the ground, and wholefome for 
mans vfe, & diuers by ruaping through vein:es of Mcttals, 
fuppofed alfo medicinable for fundrie difeafes ; of which 
more in their particular places. Thefe fprings, (as feue* 
rail persons aifembling, make a multitude) take aduan- 
tage of the falling grounds, to vnite in a greater ilrength, 
and beget Ryuers, which yet are more in number, and Riuin. 
fwifter in courfe, then deepe in bottome, or extended 
in largeneiTe, For they worke out their bed through 
an earth, full of Rockea and ftones, futing therethrough, 
the nature onely of fome fpeciall fifhes, of which kind 
are, Minowes, Shoats, Beles, and Lampreys. The reft 
are common to other Shires, but the Shote in a maner 
peculiar loDeuon and Cornwall: in (hape and colour he 
refembleth the Trowt : howbeit in bignelTe and good- 
aefle^ comineth farre behind him. His baites are flies 
and Tag-wormes, which the Cornijh Engli(h terme 
Angle^touches. Of the Ryuers and Haue&s which they 
make, occafion will be miniftred vs to fpcake particular* 
ly in the next booke ; and therefore it (hall fufEce to 
name the chiefefl here in generall, which are on the 
S9uth coaft : Tamer, Tauy, Liner, S^atOn; Loo» Foy, 
Fala, Lo. On the North, Camel, Hala&« 

Of fre(h water Ponds, either caft put by nature, or pouA. 
wrought put by Art, Cornwall \b ftored with verie few, 
though the lite of fo n\any narrow vftUies offereth 

H 2 many. 



The Suruey of ConmalL 

many, with the oncly charge of rayfing an head. But 
* ZiM. the Oceans plentiful! beames darken the affedling of this 
pettie (larlight : touching whofe nature and properties, 
for his falfneffe in tafte, ftrength in bearing, courfe in 
ebbing and flowing, the effe£ts are fo well known e to 
the vulgar, as they need not any particular relation ; 
and the caufes fo controuerfed amongft the learned, as 
it pafTcth mine abilitie to moderate the quefiion : onely 
this I will note, that fomewhat before a temped, if the 
fea* water bee flaChed with a fticke or Oare, the 
fame cafteth a bright (hining colour, and the drops 
thereof refemble fparckles of fire, as if the wanes 
were turned into flames, which the Saylers terme 

Sriny. Briny. 

Amongft other commodities afFoorded by the fea, 
the Inhabitants make vfe of diuers his creekes, for 

^ab mils, grifte-milles, by thwarting a bancke from fide to fide, 
in which a floi:fd«;gate is placed with two leaues : thefe 
the flowing tyde openeth, afld after full fea, the waight 
of the ebbe clofcth faft, which no other force can doe : 
and fo the imprifoned water payeth the ranfomc 
of dryuing an under-fhbote wheele for his enlarge- 
ment. 

Hands, S. Nicholas in the mouth of Plymmouthj S. 
Oeorge before Loo^ S. Michaels Mount, and the lies of 
Scilley. 

Hauius. Hauens on the South coaft there arc, Phymmouthy Loo^ 
Fcyy Falmouthy Helfordy and the Rode oi Mounts bay. On 
the North, S. Ls, aftid Padftowey of which more hereaften 
Diuers of thefe are dayly much endammagcd by the 
earth which the Tynners caft up in their working, and 
the rayoe floods wafli downe into the riuers, from 

whence 



Hoe Jirfi Booke. 27 

whence it 1$ difcharged in the hauens^ and fhouldreth 
the fea out of his ancient poiTefllony or at leafl, en-* 
crochcth vpon his depth. To remedy this, an Ad: of 
Parh'ament was made 23. H. 8, that none fhould labour 
in Tynneworks, neere the Deuon and Comijh hauens : 
but whether it aynled not at the right caufc, or hath 
not taken hts due execution^ little amendement ap- 
peareth thereby for the prefent, and Icffe hope may be 
conceyued for the future. ^ 

Yet this earth being through fuch meanes conuerted 
into fand, enricheth the^husbandman equally wjth that Sanj. 
oiFadiolus : for after the fea hath feafoned it with his 
fait and . frudifying moyfture, his waves worke vp to 
the (hore a great part thereof (together with more 
of his owne ftore, grated from the clifFcs) and the Til- 
krs, fome by Barges and Boats, others by horfes and 
waines, doe fetch it, & therewith drefle their grounds. 
This fand is of diuers kindes, colours, and goodneflc : 
the kinds, fome bigger, fome leffer \ fome hard, fome 
eafie. The colours are anfwerablc to the next ClifFes. 
The goodnefTe increafeth as it is taken farther out of 
the Sea. 

Some haue alfo vfed to carry vp into their grounds 
the Ofe or fait water mudde, and found good profit 
thereby, though not equalling the fand. ♦ 

To this purpofe alfo ferueth Orcwood, which is a Or/«wi^ 
weed either growing vpon the rockes vnder high water 
marke, or broken from the bottome of the fea by rough 
weather, and caft vpon the next Ihore by the wind and 
flood. The firft fort is reaped yeerely, and thereby bet- 
tercth in quantity and qualitie: the other mufl be taken 
when the iirft tydc bringeth it, or dfc the next 

H 3 change 



The Suruey of CortmalL 

4:hange of wind will carry it away. His vfe feraeth for 
barly land. Some accuilomed to burne it on heapes in 
pits at the cliffe fide, and fo conuerted the fame to a kind 
of wood, but the noyfome fauour hath curfed it out of 
the countrey. This Floteore is now and then found na- 
turally formed like rufs, combs, and fuch like ; as if the 
fea would equall vs in apparel, as it refembletb the land 
for all forts of liuing creatures. 
ShtlUt u The fea ftrond is alfo ftrowed with fundry fafhioned 
'^^'' & coloured, fliels^ of fo diuerfified and pretty workman- 
£bip, as if nature were for her paflime difpofed to (hew 
her skil in trifles. With thefe are found, moreouer, 
certaine Nuts, fomewhat refembling a fteepes kidney, 
faue that they are flatter : the outfide conflfteth of a hard 
darke coloured rinde : the inner part, of a kernell voyd 
of any tafte, but not fo of vertue, efpecially for womea 
trauayling in childbirth, if at leaft, old wiues tales may 
deferue any credit. If I become blame-worthy in fpeak- 
ing of fuch toyes, &cipio and Lelius (hall ferue for my 
patrons, who helde it no (hame to fpend time in their 
gathering. 

But to carie you from thefe trifles, you (hall vnder- 

ftand, that Cornewall is ftored with many forts of (hip- 

^hifptng. pjj^g^ ^£qj. ^^^ tcrme is the genus to them all) namely, 

they haue Cock- boats for pafTengers, Say n* boats for tak- 
ing of Pilcherd, Fifher-boates for the coad. Barges for 
fand. Lighters for burthen, and Bftrkes and Ships for 
trafHcke : of all which feuerally to particularize, were 
confeStari mmutias, and therefore I will omit to difcourfe 
trrack, of them, or of the wrackes proceeding from them, to 
their great dammage, and the finders petty benefit, to 
whom, he that inioyeth the Admirals right, by the com- 
mon 



The firfl Bwke. 28 

Bion cuftom* alloweth a moytie for his laibour. 

But though I (hoane tedioufneiTe herein^ I feare left Fifi. 
I flial breede you Naufeam^ while I play the fi(hmonger : 
aud yet, fo large a commoditie may not pafle away in , 
filence. I will therefore, with what briefnes I can, 
ihew you, what they are, when they come, where they 
haunt, with what baitc they may be trayned, with what 
engine taken, and with what dreffing faued. 

Herein we will iirft begin with «the Peall, Trowt, 
'and Samoion, becaufe they partake of both fait and 
frefli water, breeding in the one, and liuing in the 
other. 

The Trowte and Peall come from the Sea, betweene Tro^n 
March and Midfummer, and pajflfe vp into the frefli ^ ^'*^- 
^uers, to flied their fpawne. They are moftly taken 
with a hooke^net, made like the Eafterne Weelyes, 
which is placed in the flickelleft part of the ftreame (for 
there the fifli chiefely feeketh pafiage) and kept abroad 
with certaine hoopes, hauing his (mailer end faflened 
againft the courfe of the water, and his mouth open to 
receiue the fifli, while he fareth vp by night. 

The Sammons principal accefie, is betweene Michael- sammnt. 
mas and Chriftmas : for then, and not before, the ryuers 
can afford them competent depth. A time forbidden 
to take them in, by the Statute thirteene of Richard * 
the fecond : but if they (hould bee allowed this priui- 
ledge in Cornwall^, the Inhabitants might vtterly quit 
all hope of good by them, for the reft of the yeere. 
They are refetteft (that is fatteft) at their firft comming 
from the Sea, and pafTe vp as high as any water can 
Carrie them, to fpawne the more fafely, and» to that end, 
take aduantage of the great raynie flouds. - After Chrift- 

H 4 mas» 



77>e Suruey of Cornwall. 

maS| they returne to the Sea, altogether fpent & out of 
feafon, whome, as the fpring time commeth on^ their 
fry doe follow : and it hath beene obferued, that they 
(as ^Ifo the Trowt and Peall) haunt the fame ryuers 
where they firft were bred. Vpon the North coafl:, and 
to the Weftwards of Foy^ few or none arc taken, either 
through thofe ryuers {hallownefFe, or their fecret diflike. 
To catch them, fundrie deuices are put in pradtiiie : one 
is, with the hooke and line, where they vfe Flies for 
their baite : another, with the Sammons fpeare, a wea- 
pon like Neptunes Mace, bearded at the points. With 
this, one flandeth watching in the darke night, by the 
deepe pooles, where the Sammons wqrke their bed for 
fpawning, while another maketh light with a waze of 
reed/ The Sammon naturally refortcth to the flame, 
playing in and out, and therethrough is difcerned, 
ftrooken and drawne on land by a cord faftened to the 
fpeare. The third and more profitable meanes of their' 
taking, is by hutches. A head of Fagots, or ftones, is 
made acroflfe the ryuer, and his greated part let out, 
through a fquarc roome therein, whofe vppcr fide giueth 
paflage to the water by a grate, but denieth it to the 
iifh, and the lower admitteth his entrie, thorow certainc 
thicke laths, couched flope-wife one againft another, but 
fo narrowly, as he can*find no way of returne, while the 
ilreame toiTeth him hither and thither, and the laths 
ends gall him, if he ftumble on the place. 

They vfe alfo to take Sammons and Trowts, by grop- 
ing, tickling them vnder the bellies, in the Pooles where 
they houer, vntill they lay hold on them with their 
hands, & fo throw them on land. Touching thefe, one 
fcribling of the ryuer Lyner^ rymed as enfucth : 

The 



Thejirfl Booh. 

THE ftore-'houfe ofSunnes cheuifance^ 
I'he clockejwh^fe meafures time doth dance, 
I'he Moones ^^aJfalU the Lord of chance, 

Oceanus ; 
Ereyeeres compajfe his circle end. 
From hugie bofome, where they wend,^ 
Hisfcaly broQdeto greet e doth fend. 

His wife Tellus- 
Some haile but with the coajiing Jhore,. 
Some multiplie the Harbours Jiore^, 
Somefarre into the ryuers bore,, 

Amongfi the reji. 
A threefold rowt, of hxgxxs hew. 
Kind to encreafe,foes to efchew. 
With l^yncrs fupple mantle blew, 

Hhemfelves. reue/l. 
What time, enricht by Phoebus rayes,, 
7he Alder his new wealth difplayes 
Of budded groates, and welcome payes 

Vnto the Spring. 
The Trowts, of middle growth begin. 
And eygall peizd, twixt either finney 
At wonted hofie Dan Lyncrs Innc, 

Take their lodging. 
Next, as the dayes vp early rife. 
Incomes the Peall, whofe fmaller ffe. 
In his morejlore, and ^tfupplies^ 

Apraifedothjind. 
X^flly^ the Sammon, king offjh, 
Fils with good cheare the Chrijimas dijh, 
Teaching thatfeafon mujl relijh 

Each in his kind. 



29 



ItSffdd, 
that the fiilr 
cometfa^ 
when the 
Alder leafe 
11 growne t#« 
the breadth 
01 a gvMta** 



It be Surtsey ^f Cormoatt. 

And (^ tfie Simmon in particular. 

NOW to the Sammon, king ofjijh^ a trice ^ 
Againji whofejiate, both Mil and will conj^^ 
Paine brings tJiefeweU^ and gaint bhwes thefire^ 
^hat hand may execute the heads deuice. 
Some build his houfe^ but his thence ijfue barre^ 
Some make his meajhie hed^ hut reaue his refi : 
Some giue him meate, but teaue it not difgtjl^ 
Some tickle him^ but are from pleajing Jarre. 
Another troope totris in with fire andfivord^ 
Tet cowardly 9 clofe countemsmite his way. 
And where he doth injlreame^ miftrufiieffe fla% 
Vailed with nights robe^ theyjialke the pore ahoordm 
One offers him the daylight in a waze^ 
As ifdarknejfe alone contriued wiles : 
But new Neptune, his motet at tand^ the whiles, 
IFith forked Mace^^ deerefehoofs hisfootijh gaoe. 
Poor^ F^, not pn^ngy that are made a pray. 
And at thy natiue home find jl great eft karme, 
though dreadwarne^fwvftnyje guide y andjtrength thee arme, 
Thy neerenejffe^ greatneje^ goodneffe^ thee hetr^. 

Umnjifli. In the Hauens, great fiore, and diuera ibrts of fi£h« 
feme at one time of the yeere, and fbrae at another, t]oe 
haunt the depthes and ihallcwes, while the lefler ilie 
the greater, and they alfo are purfued by a bigger^ 
each preying one ypon another, and all of them ac» 
cuftoming, once in the yccre, to take their kind of the 
freih water. They may be dioidtd iota three kinds, 
ihell^ flat, and roxmd fi(h. Of (hell fiih, there are Wrin-* 

8 kles. 



7^e firji Booh. 30 

kles, LippetSi Cockles, Mufcks^ Shrimp$» Craj;^ Lob- 
ftcrs, and Oyftcrs. 

Of Hat fifl}, Raycs, Thorn-bftck««, Soles, Fbwkcs!, 
Dabs, Playccs. 

Of round fifli, Brrt, Sprat, Barnc, Smelts, Whitingv 
Scady Chad, Sbarkes, Cudles^ Eeles, Conger, fiaiTe, 
Millet, Whirlepofe, and Porpofc. The general] way of taking 
killing thefe (that is the FiQicrmans bloudic terine, for ^'«^^''- 
this cold-blouded creature) is by Weares, Hakings, 
Saynesi, Tuckes, and Tramels. 

The Weare is a frith, reaching flope-^wifc through ^im. 
the Ofe, (rom the land to low water marke, and hauing 
in it, a bunt or cod with an eye^hooke, where the fi(h 
entering, vpon their coming backe with the ebbe, arc 
flopped from i0aing out againe, fbrfaken by the water, 
and left drie on the Ofe. 

For the Haking, certaine Stakes are pitclied m the HaHni^ 
Ofe at low water, athwart from Crcekc, fro«i fbore to 
fhore, to whofe feete they faften a Net, and at fu)«» 
fea draw the vpper part thereof ta their ftops, that the 
fi(h may aot retire with the ebb, but be talim>, as ia tttc 
Wearcs. 

The Sayne is a net, of about fbrtie iSathonie in length, Saj^m. 
with which they enconcipafle a part of the Sea, and 
drawe the fame on land by two ropes, faftned at bit 
ends, together with fuch fi£b, as lighteth within his 
precinft!. 

The Tucke carrieth a like faihion, faue that it is nar- Tuch. 
rower mea(hed, and (therefore fearce lawfull) with a 
long bunt in the midft : the Tramcit difFereth not much Tramei. 
from the fliape of this bunt, and feraeth to fuch vfe as 
the Weare and Haking. 

I a The 



Tie Suiruey of Cornwall. 

Particu-^ The particular taking of fundrie kinds of fiihesi is al« 
UrtMng: ij^Qfl. 35 diucrs as thcmfelucs. Wrinckles, Limpets, 
Cockles, and Mufcles, lare gathered by hand^ vpon the 
rockes and fands. Many of the Crabs breede in the ihels 
of Cockles, and of the LobAers in thofe of Wrinckles, 
as my felfe haue feene : being growne, they come forth, 
and Hue in holes of Rockes, from whence, at low water, 
they arc dragged out, by a long crooke of yron. 

The Shrimps arc dipped vp in (hallow water by the 
(bore fide, with little round nets, faftned to a (lafFe, not 
much unlike that which is ufed for daring of Larkes. 
Ojjiin. The Oftyers (befides gathering by hand, at a great 
ebb) haue a peculiar dredge, which is a thick flrong 
net, faftned to three fpils of yron, and drawne at the 
boates ftcrne, gathering whatfoeuer it meeteth, lying 
in the bottome of the water, out of which, when it is 
taken vp, they cull the Oyilers, and caft away the refidue, 
which they tcrmc gard, and ferueth as a bed for the Oyf- 
ters to breed in. It is held, that there are of them male, 
and female. The female, about May, and lune, haue 
in them a certaine kind of milke, which they then (head, 
and whereof the Oyfter is engendered. The little ones, 
at firft, cleaue in great numbers, to their mothers (hell, 
from whence, waxing bigger, they weane themfelues, 
and towards Michaelmas, fall away. The Countrie 
people long retained a conceit, that in Summer time 
they weare out of kind (as indeed the milkie are) but 
fome Gentlemen making experiment of the contraric, 
began to eate them at all feafons, wherethrough, by 
fpending them oftner and in greater quantitie, by 
fpoyling the little ones, and by calling away the vn- 
feaionable, there enfued a. fcarcitie, which fcarcitie 

j> brought 



The firft Booke. 31 

brought a dearth, the dearth bred a fparing, and the 
. fparing reftored a plenty againe. They haae a properties 
though taken out of the water, to open againfl the flood 
timej and to clofe vpon the ebbe, or before, if they bee 
touched, the which, hbt long fithence occalioned a ridi- 
culous chaunce, while one of them through his fodaine 
(hutting, caught in his owne defence, three yong Mice 
by the heads, that of malice prepenfed, had confpired 
to deuoure him, and fo trebled the valour of the cleft 
block, which griped MUo by the hands. 

Nature hath ftrowed the fhore with fuch plenty of 
thefe (hel-fiihes, as thereby (hee warranteth the poore 
from dread of ftaruing : for euery day they may gather 
fufficient to preferue their life, though nqt to pleafe 
their appetite, which, ordinarie with vs, was miraculous 
to the Rochellers in their fiedge 1572. 

After Shel-fi(h fucceedeth the free-fiih, fo termed^ 
becaufe he wanteth this (helly bulwarke. 

Amongft thefe, the Flowk, Sole and Playce followe 
the tyde up into the freih riuers, where, at low water, 
the Countri people find them by treading, as they wado 
to feeke them, and fo t^ke them vp with their hands. 
They vfe alfo to poche them with an inftrument fome- 
what like the Sammon-fpeare. 

Of Eeles there are two forts : the one Valien, of befl 
tafte, coming from the frefli riuers, when the great 
raine floods after September doe breake their beds, and 
carry them into the fea : the other, bred in the fait water, 
& called a Conger Eele, which afterwards, as his bignes 
increafeth, ventreth out into the maine Ocean, & is en- 
franchifed a BurgefTeof that vaft common wealth : but in 
harbor they are taken moilly by Spillprs made of a cord, 
. . 1 3 ' many 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

many fathoms In length, to which diuers leffirr and 
ihorter are tved at a little diftance, and to each of thefe 
a hooke is 4ftened with bayt : fhia SpiUer they fiocke 
in' the fea where tbofe Fifhes haqe their accuftomed 
haunt, and the next morning take it vp againe with die 
beguiled fifli. 

For catching of Whiting and Baf[e» they vfe a thred, 
fb named, becaufe it confifteth of a long foial lyne with 
a hooke at the end, which the Fiihemaa letteth flip out 
of his hand by the Boat fide to the bottom of the water, 
and feeling the fifli caught by the fturring of the lyne, 
draweth it vp againe with his purchafe. The Porpofes 
are (haped very bigge and blacke. Theie chafe the (mai- 
ler fchoels of fkh from the mayne fea into the hauena, 
leaping vp and downe in the water, tayle after top, and 
one after another, puffing like a £at lubber out of breath, 
and following the fifli with the flood, fo long as any 
depth will ferue to bear them ; by which means they 
are fometimes intercepted : for the Borderers watching 
vntiH they be paft farre vp into fome narrow creeke, gee 
belowe them with their Boats, and caft a ftrong corded 
net athwart the ftreame> with which, and their lowd and 
continuall ihowting and noyfe making, they fray and 
flop them from retyring, vntill die ebbe haue abandoned 
them to the hunters mercy, who make (hort woike 
with them, and (by an olde cuftome) fliare them amongfl: 
all the afliflants with fuch iodifferencie, as if a womaa 
with child bee prefent, the babe in her wombe is grati- 
fied with a portion : a pcynt alfo obierued by the Speare* 
hunters in taking of Sammons. 
FififmtU Now from within harbour, we will launch out into 
''''J^' the deepe, and fee what luck of fiih God there (haU fend 

vs* 



The firfl Ba9kil 3* 

T9, which (fo you talke not of Harel or foch vncouth 
things, for that protaea as ominous lo the fiOiermanj aa 
the beginning a voyage on the day when Childermas day 
fell) doth to the Mariner) may fucdeed very profitable r 
for the coaft is plentifully ftored, both with thofe fore- 
Mmembred, enlarged to a bigger fize, & d^uers other, aa 
namely of (hel-fi(h, Sea-hedge^-hogs, Sqallop$& Sheath-' 
&(h. Of fat, Brets, Turbets, Dories, Holybut^ JR^Hind, 
Pilcherd, Herring, Pollock, Mackrdil, Gurnard, IUeck#. 
Tub, Breame, Oldwife, Hake, DogfiOi, Lounp, Cuo*. 
ner, Rockling, Cod, Wrothe, Becket, Haddock, Guilty 
head, Roogh-hound^ Squary Scad, Seale, Tunny^ and 
many others, quo/ nwic^ ^c. 

. The Sheath, t>rRaibr«fi{b, refembleth in length Md 
bignelle a mans finger, and in tafte, the Lobfter^ but tt-^ 
puted of greater reftoratioeir 

The Sea-4>edge«-hogge, of like or noore goodneflei ia 
enclosed in a round £bell, faifbioned as a loaie of bsead^ 
kandfomely wrought and pincked, and guarded by vtk 
vtter slanne full of prickles, as the land Vfchin» But 
theleaft^fliin bignes, greateft for gaine, aud moftia 
number, is the Pilcherd : they tfome to Mke their kind 
of the firefli (as the reft) betweene harueft and Alhalloiw 
tyde, and were wont to purfiie the Biil, vpOa vrbich 
^ey fieede, into the hauensy but are.bo^i^ foreftalled o(t 
the ooaft hj the Drouers and Sayoers. . The Drouert 
hong cerhdne fquaise nets athwart the. iydeg tborow 
which the fcfaoeU of Pikfaard pafiiflg, kauc many h«r 
hind intangled in the meaflies. When the nets ace fo 
filled, the Dnmera take them up, dcnfii them, and kc 
them fall againe* 

• The Sayners complayne with c^n mouth, that 

1 4 thcfc 



77)e Suruey of Cornwall. 

thefe drouers worke much preiudice to the Common-^ 

wealth of fijliermeni and reape thereby fmall gaine ta 

themfeliies ; for (fay they) the taking of fomc few, brea- 

keth and fcattereth the whole fchoelsj and frayeth themr. 

from approaching the (hore : neither are thdfe thus taken» 

marchantable, by reafon of their brufing in the meafh. 

Let the crafts-mafters decide the conlrouerfie. 

Bajnes. ^ The Sayne, is in fafliion, like that within harbour, but 

of a f^rre larger proportion. To each of thefe, there 

commonly belong three or foure boates, carrying about 

fixe men apeece : with which, when the feafon of the 

yeer& and weather ferueth, they lie houering upon the 

coaft, and are directed in their worke, by a Balker, or. 

Hu^ri who ftandeth on the ClifFe fide, ^nd from thence, 

beft ^iicerneth the quantitie and courfeof the Pilcherdr 

according whereunto, hee ctmdeth (as they call it) 

the Mafter of each bo^te (who hath bis eye flill fixed 

wpoii hiln) by crying with a lowd voice, whittling 

l^rdttgh his fingers, ' and wheazing certing diuerfified 

^ik^ fignificant fignes, with a bu(h, which hee lioldetb 

il^his hahd« -At his appointment they caft out their 

Net, draw it to 'either hand,* as the Schoell lyeth, or 

faretb, beate with their Oares to keepe in the Fiih, and 

at laft, either dofe and tucke it vp in the Sea, or draw 

the fame on land, with more certaine profit, if the 

ground bee not rough of rockes. After .one companio 

haue thuft (hot their Net, another begioneth behind 

them, and fo a third, as opportunitie ferueth. Being fa 

taken, fome, the Coumtrie people, who attend with theif\ 

horfes and paniers at the Clifies fide, in great numbers^ 

doe buy and carrie home, the larger remainder, is 

bjr the Marchant^' greedily and fpeodily feized^vpon. 

. * They 



Tie firfl Bosk. 3 j 

They ire (kued three coaner of wayet : by fuming^ pref- iouing. 
fingy or pickettiiig. For euery of which, they are iiiik 
falted and piled vp row by row in fquare heapes on the 
ground in fome celler» which they teroie. Bulking, where 
they £> remaine for fome. ten daleSt vnfil the fuperfluoua 
moyflure of the bloud and fait be ibked from them : 
which accompliflied, they rip the bulk, and faue the re- 
fidue of the udt for another like ieruice. Then thofe 
which are to be ventred for Frounce^ they pack in 
ftaonch hogflieads, fo to keepe them in their pickle. 
Tho& that feroe for the hotter Countriee of Spaine and 
Italie^ they vfed at firft to fume, by hanging them vp on 
long fticks one by one, in a houfe built iat the Jionce, & 
there drying them with the fmoake of a ibft and con^ 
tinuall fire, from whence they purchafed the name of 
Fumadot : iMit now, though the terme ftill remaine^ that PumaiBt. 
trade ts giaen ouer : ^and after they haue bene 'ri^)ed put 
of the bulk, xtSkA vpon flicks, & waflied^ they pack- • 
them orderly in hogiheads made pur pofely kake, which 
afterward tbey pr^e with great watghta^ to the end 
the traine may foke iiwa them ictfo a vefleU placed in ?>9«r. 
the ground to reteyne it. 

In packing, cbey keepe a iitft tale of the number that 
euery hogihead contayneth^ which otherwife may tume 
to the Marcbants preiudice: for I haue beard, that 
when they are brought to the place of fale, the buyer 
openeth one hogf-head ataduentures ; and if hee finde 
the fame not to aniwcce the number figm'ed on the out-* 
fide, hee abatech a like, proportion in euery other, as 
there wanted^ in that. Tlie trayne is well folde, as im-* 
pk)yed to diuera vfes, mid welneere acquttedi th^ 
coft in faux^g> and the &oing fetteth ahnoft an infi« 

K nite 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

nite number of women and children on worke, to their 
great aduantage : for they are allowed a peny for euery 
lads carriage (a iafl is ten thoufand) and as much for 
bulking, wa(hing» and packing them, whereby a lufty 
hufwife may earne three (hillings in a night y for to- 
wards the euening they are moflly killed. 

This commoditie at firfl carried a very lowe price, 

and ferued for the inhabitants cheapeft prouifion : but 

Ftntini. ^^ l^t^ times, the deare fale beyond the feas hath fo en* 

creafed the number of takers, and the takers iarring and 

brawling one with another, and forecloiing the fishes 

' taking their kind within harbour, fo decreafed the num* 

ber of the taken, as the price daily extendeth to an higher 

rate, equalling the proportion of other fi(h : a matter 

which yet I reckon hot preiudiciall to the. Common** 

wealth, feeing there is ftore fufficient of other victuals, 

and that of thefe a twentieth part will ferue Ae Coun- 

*tries n<;ed, and the other nineteene pafle into forraine 

Realmes with a gainefuU vtterance. 

The Sayners profit in this trade is vncertayne, as de- 
pending upon the feas fortune, which heelong attendeth, 
and often with a bootlefTe trauaile : but the Pilcherd 
Marchant may reape a fpeedy, large, and aiTured bene- 
fit, by difpatching the buying, fauing and felling to the 
tranfporters, within little more then three moneths 
fpace. Howbeit, diuers of them, fnatcbing. at wealth 
ouer-haftily, take mony beforehand, and bind them- 
ielues for the fame, to deliuer Pilcherd retdy faued to 
the tranfporter, at an vnder-rate, and (b cut their fingers. 
This venting of Pilcherd enfaaunced greatly the price 
t)f cask, whereon all other forts of wood were conuerted 
to that vfe : and yet this iGcantly fu|^yiog, a rofttedie^ 

there 



7%e firfi Booh. 34 

there was a.ftatute made 35. Eliz. that from the laft of 
luoe 1594. no (Iranger fhould tranfport beyond the feas 
any Pilcherd or other fifli in cask, vnleiTe hee did bring Cash. 
into the Realme^ for euery fixe tunnes, two hOndred of 
clapboord fit to make cask, and fo rateably, vpon payne 
of focfeytjng the fayd Pilcherd or fifli. This A<a to 
continue before the next Parliament, which hath reuiued 
the fame, vntill his (yet not knowne) fucceeder. 

The Pilcherd are purfued and deuoured by a bigger 
kinde of fi(h, called a Plu{her, being fomewhat like the Plufi^. 
Dog-fi{h, who leapeth now and then aboue water, and 
therethrough bewrayeth them to the Balker : fo are they 
like wife perfecuted by theTonny, and he (though not verie 
often) taken with them damage faif ant. And that they 
may no lefTe in fortune, then in fa(hion, refemble the 
Flying fifh, certaine birds called Gannets, foare ouer, 
and ftoup to prey vpon them. Laftly, they are perfe- 
cuted by the Hakes, who (not long fithence) haunted 
the coaft in great abundance; but now being depriued 
of their wonted baite, are much diminifhed, verifying 
the prouerb. What we lofe in Hake^ wejhall haue in Her-- 
ring. Thefe Hakes and diuers of the other forerecited, are 
taken with threds, & fome of them with the boulter, 
which is a Spiller of a bigger fize. Vpon the North coail:^ 
where want of good harbours denieth fafe road to the 
fiOierboats, they haue a deuice of two flicks filled with 
corks, and crofTed flatlong, out of wbofe midft there rifeth | 

a thred, and at the fame hangeth a faile; to this engine, 
termed a Leftercock, they tie one end of their Boulter, ^^^ 
fo as the wind comming from the fliore, fiUetb the hy\ti<9cku 
and the faile carrieth out the Boulter into the fea, which 
after the refpite of fome houres^ is drawne in againe 

Ka by 



^er* 



Tie Skruey of Cornwall. 

by a cord faftned ai the neerer end. They lay alfo cer- 
taine Weelyes in the Sea» for taking of Cunners» which 
therethrough are termed Cunner-pots. Another net 
they haoe long and narrow mt^Qficd, thwarted with little 
cords of wide diftance^ in which the fi(b intangleth it 
felfe, and is fo drawne vp. 

jiaiu. For Bait th^ vie Barne> Pilcherd, and Lugges. The 

Lugge is a wornse re&jxibling the Tagworme or Angle- 
touch, and lying in the Ofe fomewhat deepe, from 
whence the women digge them vp^ and fell them to the 
FKhermenr : They are defi:ried by their working oucr 
headj as the Tagworme. And, for lacke of other pro* 
uifion, the Fiihermen fometimes cut out a peece of 
the new taken Hake, neere his tayle, and therewith 
baite their hcokes, to furprife more of his Canniballian 
fellowes. 

Stalit. The Scale, or Sojde, is in making and growth, not vn- 

like a Pigge, vgly faced, and footed like a Moldwarp ; 
he delightetb in mufike, or any lowd noife, and thereby 
is trained to approach neere the fhore, and to (hew him- 
felfe almoft wholly aboue water. They alfo come on 
land, and lie fleefung in holes of the ClifFe, but are now 
and then waked mth the deadly greeting of a bullet in 
their fides. 

The Fi0iermenfi hookes doe not alwayes returne them 
good priie: {or often there cleaueth to the baite, a cer- 

ptar-fijb. ^^y^^ fi& like aStarre, io farre from good meate, as it is 
held contagious. 

There fwimmeth alfo in the Sea,, a round flymie fub- 

ilhbir. ftance, called a Blobber, reputed noyfome to the fiih. 

But you are tired, the day is ipent, and it is high 
time that I draw to hacbour; which good counfell I 

will 



V 



TU firft Booh. 35 

win follow, when I kaoe onely told yoB, in what nsalier 
the Fi(hermen faue the mod part of their fi(h. Some Sauing. 
are polled (that is, beheaded) gutted, fplkted, powdred 
and dried in the Sunne, as the lefier fort of Hakes* S<»iie 
beaded, gutted, lagged, and dried, as Rayes, and Thoriw 
backes. Some gutted, fplitted, powdred, and dried, aa 
Bockhorne made of Whitings, (in the Baft parta named 
Scalpions) and the fnfraller fort of Ccinger, and Hako^ 
Some gutted, fplitted, and kept in pickte, as Whiting, 
Mackrell,* Millet, Bafle, PeaH, Trowt, Sammon, and 
Conger. Some, gutted, and kept in pickle, as the \e^i 
Whitings, Pollocks, Eeks, and fqnarie Scads. Some 
cut in peecffs, and powdred, as Seale and Porpofe. And 
kftly, fome boyled, and preferued fre(h in Vinegar,, aa 
Tonny and Turbet. 

Befides thefe flooting burgefles of the Ocean, there SiojM.. 
are alfo certaine flying Citizens of the ayre, which pre- 
fcribe for a corrodie therein; of ^whom fome ierue for 
food to ?s, and fome but to feed tfaemfekes. Amongft 
the firft fort, we reckon the Dip-chicke, {{6 named of 
bis diuiag, and littienefle) Coots, Sanderlings, Sea-larkes,. 
Oxen and Kine, Seapies, Puffins, Pewets, Meawes, Mor- 
res, Creyfers, Curlewps, Teale, Wigcon, Burranets,, 
Shags, Docke and Mallard, Gull, Wild-goofe, Heron,, 
Crane, and Barnacle. 

Thefe content not the ftomacke, all with a like fauo* 
rineife, but fome carrie a rancke tafte, and require a for- 
mer mortification : and fome are good to bee eaten* 
while they are young, but nothing tooth^fome, as they 
grow elder. The Guls, Pewets, and moft of the refidue,. 
breed in little defert Hands, bordering on both coaftes, 
laying their Egges on the grafle, without making any 

K3 ncfts,^, - 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

nefts5 from whence the owner of the land caufeth the 
young ones to be fetched about Whitfontide, for the 
firft broode, and fome weekes after for the fecond. 
Some one, but not euerie fuch Rocke, may yeeld yeere- 
ly towards thirtie dozen of Guls. They are kept tame» 
and fed fat, but none of the Sea kind will breede out of 
their naturall place : Yet at CaryAayes, mafter Treuanions 
houfe, which bordereth on the Cliffs, an old Gull did 
(with an extraordinarie charitie) accuftome, for diuers 
yeeres together, to come and feede the young ones 
(though perhaps none of his alliance) in the court where 
they were kept. It is held, that the Barnacle breedeth 
▼ndcr water on fuch (hips fides, as haue beene verie long 
at Sea, hanging there by the Bill, vqtill his full growth 
difmifie him to be a perfed fowle : and for proofe here* 
of, many little things like birds, are ordinarily found in 
ibch places, but I cannot heare any man ipeake of hau- 
ing fcene them ripe. The PuiFyn hatcheth in holes 
of the GlifFe, whofe young ones are thence fsrretted 
out, being exceeding fat, kept falted, and reputed for 
fi(b> as comming neerell thereto in their tafte. The 
Burranet hath like breeding, and, aftei^her young ones 
are hatched, ihee leadeth them fometimes ouer-land, 
the ipace of a mile or better, into the hauen, where 
fuch as haue leafure to take their pailime, chace them 
one by one with a boate, and ftones, to often diuing, 
vntill, through wearinefie, they are taken vp at the boates 
fide by hand, carried home, and kept tame with the 
Ducks : the Egges of diuers of thefe Fowles are good 
to bee eaten. 

Sea-fowle not eatable, are Ganets, Ofpray (Plynyes 
HaUsetos*) 

Amongfl: 



' I7>e firft Booke^ 36 

* Amongft ^hich, lacke-Daw (the fecond flaunder of Comifi 
oor Countrie) (hall pafe for companic, as frequenting ^^"l^ 
their haunt, though not their diet: I meane not the 
common Daw, but one peculiar to Cornwall, and there- 
through termed a Cornijb Chough: his bil is fharpe, long» 
and red, his legs of the fame colour, his feathers blacke, 
his conditions, when he is kept tame, vngratious, it\ 
filching, and hiding of money, and fuch fhort ends, and 
ibmewhat dangerous in carrying ilickes of fire. 

After hauing marched ouer the land, and vnAtAf hbM^ 
thorow the Sea, to difcouer all the Creatures therein in- '**'• 
fenfible, & fenfible, the courfe of method fumaioneth 
me todifcourfe of the reafonable, to wit, the Inhabi- 
tants, and to plot downe whatfoeuer, notcworthily, be- 
longeth to their eftate, reall, and perfbnall, and to their 
gouernment, fpirituall, and temporall. Vnder their 
reall ftate, I comprife all that their ioduftrie hath 
procured, either for priuate vfe» or enteicourfe^ and 
tr2^ke. 

In priuate Hfe^ there commeth into confiderfttioi>, 
their Tenements, which yeeld them fiiftinance, andTi^Mwr/^ 
their houfes, which afford them a place of abode. Euerie ' 
tenement is parcell of the demaynes, or feruices of fome 
Mannor. Commonly thirtie Acres make a farthing 
land, nine farthings a Comijh Acre, and foure Cornijh 
Acres, a Knights fee. But this rule is ouerruled to a grea-» 
ter or lefler quantitie, according to the fruitfulnefie, or 
barren neiTeot the foyle. That part of the demaines, which 
appertaineth to ,the Lords dwelling houfe, they call his 
Barten, or Berton. The tenants to the reft hold the fame 
either by fafferance, WD, or cuftome, or by conuention.. 
The cuftomary tenant iiddethiitWil^ either for yeeres^ 

k4 or 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

M for lioeSy or to them and ifaeir heircB, in diaert man- 
CMjfm' ners according to the cuftomc of the Mannour. Cuftom^ 
^"' iirie Tenants for life, take for one, two, three, or more 
tiaes, in pofleflion, or reueriion, as their cuftome will 
beare* Somewhere the wiues hold by widdowes eftate^ 
and in many places, when the eftate is determined by 
t^e Tenants death, and either to defceod to the next in 
reoerfion, or to returne to the Lord, yet will his Exe- 
cutor, or Admtmftrator detaine the land, by the cuftome, 
vntill the next Michaelmas after, which is not altogether 
deftxtnte of a reafonable pretence, 
Amongft other of this cuftomarie Land, there are 
Duciii feocnteene Mannours, appertaining to the Duchie of 
iirnm. Comw^aSt who doe ^euerie feucnth yere, take their Hold- 
ings (6) they tenne tbem)of certaine Commiflioners fent 
for she purpofe, & faaue continued this vie, for the beft 
part ofthree hnndred yeeres, through which^ they reckon 
a idnd of inbedtabfe eftate accrued vnto ^em. But> 
this lobg prefcription notwithftanding, a more bufie tfaen 
vrdl w^upied j^ufon, not long iithence, by getting a 
Cbecguer lea(e of one or two fach tenements, called 
the ^ole right' m queftion: aqd albeit God denyed his 
had minde any good fucoeffc, yet another taking vp 
tins broken title, to falue faimfdfe of a defper^^e 4ebt, 
profecuted the fsMoae So far forth, as he broiight it jto thei 
iotty of a Nififrius. Hereon certayne Gentlemen were 
chc^ and requeAed by the Teaants, to become fuiters 
for Aopping tkis gap, before it had made an trremedi- 
afaie bKax^. Theyrepayred to London accordingly, 
and preferred a pedfiton to the then L. Treafur^er Bur^^ 
leigL His L. called vnto him the Chauncellour, and 
Coflfe Barons o£ the £xdi»)aei^ and tooke a priuate 

7 hearing 



The firfi Booh. 3 7 

hearing of the caufe. It was there manifeftly prooued 
before them, that befides this long continuance, and the 
importance, (as that which touched the vndooing of 
more then a thoufand perfons) her Highnefle poflefled 
no other lands, that yeelded her fo large a benefit in 
Rents, Fines, Heriots, and other perqoifites. Thefe rea*- 
fons found fauourable allowance, but could obtaine no 
thorough diicharge, vntill the Gentlemen became fup-^ 
pliants to her Maie^ies owne perfon, who, with her 
natiue & fupernaturall bounty, vouchfafed vs gratious 
audience, tefliiied her great diflike of the attemrpter, & * 
gaue exprejQTe order for ftay of the attempt : fince which 
time, this barking Dogge hath bene mufled. May it 
pleafe God to award him an vtter choaking, that he 
neuer haue power to bite againe. 

Herein we were beholden to Sir Walter Raleghs ear- 
i>eft writing, (who was then in the Countrey) to Sir 
Henry Killigrews found aduice, and to Maftcr fFsIham 
Killigrews painefull folicitiog (being the moft kinde pa- 
trone of all his Countrey and Countreymens affaires at 
Court.) 

In times paft, and that not long agoe; Holdings were 
fo plentifuU, and Holders fo fcarce, as well was the Land- 
lord who could get one to bee his Tenant, and they 
Tfed to take aflurance for the rent by 2. pledges of the 
fame Mannour. But now the cafe is altred : for a farme, 
or (as wee call it) a bargaine can no fooner fall in hand, 
then the Suruey Court fhal be waited on with many 
Officers, vying & reuying each on other; nay thei 
are taken moftly at a ground-hop, before they fall, for 
feare of comming too late. And ouer and aboue the old 
yerely rent, they will giue a hundred or two hundred 

L ' yccres 



Tie (Suraey of Cornwall . 

yecFCfi puichace and vpward at that rate, for a fine» to 
haue an efiatc cf three lines : which fumme cocnmcmly 
aoiounteth to ten, orr twelve yeeres iuft value of the 
Jftnd. As for the old rent, it carrieth at the moft, the 
proportion but of a tenth part, to that whereat the tene- 
ment mzy be prefendy improved » & fome where inuda 
kiTe : £> as the Parfon of the parifli can in moA places, 
di^nd as 4iiuch by his tithe, as the Lord of the Mannour 
by his rent. Yet is not this deare fetting eoerie where 
uliice : for the weilerne halfe of Cornewali^ commeth far 
ihort of the Eademe, and the land about Townes, ex- 
ccedeth tbat lying farther in theCountrey. 

The rea(bn of this enhaunfed price* may proue (as I 
gelTe) partly, for that the late great trade into both the 
Indies, hath replenifhed thefe parts of the world with a 
krger ftore of theCoyne«<:urrant mettals, then oorancef- 
tours enioyed : partly, becauie the bani£bnient of fingle-* 
liuing Fatariesj yonger mariages then of olde, and our 
long freedome from any fore.wafling warre, or plague^ 
hadu cnade our Countrey very populous: and partly, 
in that this populoufnes hath inforced an indu&rie 
in them, and our bleiied qqietiies giuen icopq, and 
meanes to this induftrie. But howibeuer I ayme right 
or wide at thB, once certayne it is, that for thefe huf^ 
bai^dry matters, the €orniJb Inhabitants are in fundry 
points fwayed by a diuerfe opinion, from thofe of ibme 
other Shires. One, that they will rather take bargaines, 
at thefe exceffiue £nes, then a tolerable inaproued rent, 
beiag in no fort willing to ouer a penny : for they rec*^ 
koQ that, but once fmarting, and this, a continuall 
aking. Befides, though the price ^me very high, yet 
moftly, foure yeeres tillage, with the husbandmans 
6 payne 



The firfi Booh. 30 

payne and charge, goeth nccrc to defray it. Another, 
that they fal euery where from Commons to Inclofure, 
and partake not of fome Eaflerne Tenants enuious dtf- 
pofitions, who will fooner preiudice their owne prefent 
thrift, by continuing this mingle-mangle, then ad- 
uance the Lords expedant benefit, after their termc 
expired. 

The third, that they alwayes preferre Hues before 
yeeres, as both prefuming vpon the Countries health* 
fulnefle, and alfo accounting iheir family beft prouided 
for, when the husband, wife, and childe, are fure of a 
liuing. Neither may I (without wrong) cohceyle the 
iuft commendation of moft fuch wiues, in this behalfe : 
namely, when a bargaine is fo taken to thefe three, it 
often falleth out, that afterwards the fonne marietb, and 
deliucreth hi« yeruing-goods (as they terme it) to his 
father, who in lieu thereof, by his wiucs affent (which 
in many auncient deeds was formall) departeth to him 
* and his daughter in lawe, with the one halfe of his 
Holding in hand. 

•-Now, though after the fathers deceafe, the mother 
may, during her life, turne them both out of doorcs, 
as not bound by her owne word, and much lefie by her 
husbands : yet I haue ftldome or neuer knowne the 
fame put in pradife, but true and iuft meaning hath euer 
taken place. 

Yet another vnconfcionable quirk fome haue of late 
time pried into> mz^ in a ioynt*Ieafq to three intended 
by the taker and payer, to defcend fuccefliuely and in- 
ticely, one of them pkffeth ouer his interefl to a ftranger,. 
who by rigour of law fball hold it during the liues of the 
other twaine*. 

L2 The 



CoHueti" 

ttonary 

Tenants, 



Htrivts. 



^he Suruey of CortvuDall. 

The ordinary couenant45 of moft conuentionary Te- 
nants are, to pay due Capons, doe harueft iournyes, 
grinde at the Mill, fue to the Court, difcharge the office 
of Rceue and Tithing-man, dwell vpon the Tenement, 
and to fet out no part thereof to tillage, without the 
Lords licence firfl obtained. Which conditions are yet 
enlarged or retrained, according to the Demifors hu- 
mour. 

Vfuall it is for all forts of Tenants, vpon death, at 
Icaft, if not furrender, or forfeyture, to pay their beft 
beaft for a Heriot : yea, if a ftranger, paffing thorow 
the Countrey, chaunce to leaue his carkafe behind him, 
he alfo muil redeeme his buriall, by rendring hi3 befl 
beaft, which he hath with him, to the Lord of the foyle : 
or if he haue npne, his beft lewell ; or rather then fayJe, 
his beft garment then about him, in lieu thereof. But 
this cuftome hath beene fomewhat ifhaken, in comming 
to triall, and laboureth of a dangerous Feuer, though the 
Cornijh Gentlemen vfe all poflible remedies of almoft 
fas et nefasy by pleading the 1 1 . poynts of the Lawe, to 
keepe it on line. 

The free Tenants feruiccs, are Ordinary with thofe of 
other places, faue that they pay in moft places onely^^^- 
Morton releefes, which is after fiue markes the whole 
Knights fee, (fo called oilohn Earle firft oi Morton j then 
of Cornwall, and laftly King of this Land) whereas that 
offet-GlouceJierhfiwt pound. And to ftcomplifli this 
part, I haue heere inferted a note of the Cornijh Knights 
fees and acres, which I receyucd from my learned and 
religious kinfcman Maftcr Robert Moyle. 



Record. 



7hefirft Booh. • 39 

Record. Feod. Milit. in Cornub. fad. 
Anno 3. £f. 4. vtfequitur. 

HEnricus Dei gratia^ Rex Anglia & Francia, & 
Daminus Hibernian dikSlis nobis Vicecom. & EJcae-^ 
tori nofiris in Com. Cornub. ac lohanni Colfliil, G? 
lohanni Trcmayn feniori colleSloribus auxilij 20. Joli^ 
dorum^ de quolibet feod. Milit. tento. de nob. Jine medio in 
Com. pradiho ad Blanchiarii primogenitam filiam nofiram 
maritand. iuxta formam Jlatutii anno regni Domini Ed- 
wardi nuper Regis Anglia^ Aui nojiri 25. ediSi. ajfignat. 
Jalutem. ^afdam euidentias^ quas de libris, rotulis & ^ 
memorand. Scaccarii nojiri exhiberifecimus pro informa^ 
tione vejira^fuper captidne inquijitionum diuerforum feo^ 
dbrum in Com. pradi^o, n)iz. de rubro libra unamfcedu^ 
lam^ Gf duos rotulos de euidentiis nuper colleStoribus dUxilii 
pradiSliy auo nojiro adjiliumfuum primogenitum milit* fa^ 
ciend. anno Regni fui 20. conceffi vobis mittimus, fub pede 
Jigilli nojlri^mandantes, vt infpeSl. euidenCf prad. viterius 
inde tam per eafdem euident. quam per Inquijitiones fuper 
pramijf. per vos capiend. pro commodo nojirofaciatis^ quod 
de iure per vos videatur jaciend : ltd quod euidenc. prad. 
vna cum totofac. vefiro inpremijf. & hoc breue adScacca^ 
rium nojlrum fuper compot. vejlrum proxim. de eodem auxi^ 
lio redend. Barohibus de diSto Scaccario nojlro ibidem libe^ 
randum habeatis. Tejie lohannc Cokayn apud Weft- 
monaft. 36. die lanua. Anno Regni noftri 3. RotL m'emo-» 
rum de anno 3. Hillar. record. 

L 3 Hun^ 



Tie Suruey of Cormioall. 



Hundred de Pemoitb. 

Will, de Campa Amulpbi ten. 7« feod« & di.^ 
ia Luduoa trewedryn» Maien & KcHe- 
iineke« 
Win. BaiTet ten. i. feed, m Tihidt & Trenalga. 
Michv de Bray ten. 2. partes vnius feod. in ft'ay. 
Alanm BIbigbon ten. 2. feod. in TremalL 
Hares Marci cte Waleftbren ten. 2. partes food, in 

Vena. 
Epifcop. Exon. ten. dimid. feod. in LaueftH. 
Hasreslocei Dynnan ten. i. feod. in Gorten. 
Comes Gloc. ten* 4. part, vnius feod. in Drayn* 

neck. 
Idem Comes ten. i. feod. in Couerton. 
Idem Comes ten. i. feod. in Btnnerton. 
Idem Comes ten. 5. part. i. feod. in Lo^ns. 
Hseres Ties ten. dimid. feod. in Alwerton. 
Marchio Dorfet. ten. 4. feod. in Trenwel. 



Hundred de Lyfnewitb. 

Will, de Botriaux tenet in tfio Hundred in Wale- 
breux. i. feod. 
Idem Will. ten. in Polruman di. feod. 

Idem 



Hh frft Bfitk, 40 

Idem Wilt ten. an Wotoeflna i. foolc. . . 

Idem Will. ten. in Trcfciward i. feod. 

Idem WilL ten. in Wortkauak i. feod. 

Reginaftd dc Fcrrar in «ad. Hiiad. 7. feod* 

Will, de Witha & lohan. de Crammon tenoat in 

Trewint & in Wcftdiiiit j « feod. 
Idem M^IL de Campo Acmilpbi ten. i« leod. in 

Helifct. 
Idem WilL ten. in Oterham i. fbod. 
Idein WHL in Doanegfaiiy Cn:^pksgh dft. feod. 
Simon GifiTaid tsn. i« fea in Donnogbny de la Btioer. 
Henric. de la Pomerey ten. in Le&ewith & Treuyghan 

di. feod. 
Rogerns de Crammoo ten. tn Moteland i« food. 
Omnia pracdifta feod. funt feod. Mortanne. 
Hasres locei Dioan ten« in Oner f efcradeck^ & ncthef 

refcradeck di. feod« 

Hundred de Strattom 

HBrbertps ile Pyft Un. ia Middekgd %. feod« 
Idem ten, in Bere i« ifeod. ia Deixon« 
Idem ten. in Alwington in Deuon 2. feod« 
Idem ten; Marwonchurch 1. feod^ 
Idem ten. in Peflfefiteiaoft^ Trctbewy &; Weiioiy s« 

feod. 
(!orae8 Gloc# ten. a. magna feed, in Kilkham land. 

L4 RanuU 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

Ranulphus de Albo Monafterio tenet in Stratton i. 

feod. 
Thomas de Wamford ten. in EfFord i. feod. 
Henric. de Killigreu ten. i. feo. in Orchard mar-- 

* rics. 
Johannes de Cobbeham in Lancels i. feod. quod Abbas 

& conueatus dfe Hartland tenent in pur. & perpet. 

elem. 
Idem ten. in WIfton & Serpeknol i. feod. 
Idem ten. in burgo paruo Ponte knol. & Sunondfham r« 

feod. quod Abbas & conu. prxd. clam, tenefe in 

pura & perpet. elem. * 

Idem ten. 3. part. i. feod. in Turlebere. 
Idem ten. i. feod. 6c 6. part. i. feod. in Hilton iimul 

cum Ferewil in Deuon. 
Rogerus de Carmmon ten« i« feod. in Hormecot & 

Refchcr. 
Rex ten. i. feod. in Boftinne. 
Idem ten. Lamaylwen u feod. quod Oliuerus de Cram-- 

mon ten. 
Idem ten. in Nantoige i. feod. di. feod* 
lohanna Lengleis ten. 1. feod. in Wadfafte. 
Guilielmus de CampO Arnolphi ten. i. feod. in Pen^ 

nalim. 
Idem ten. 1. feod. & 2. partes i. feod. in Wike. 
Prior deLancefton ten. j i. feod. in Borton. 
Haluethus Maliuery ten. di. feo. milit. in Tanierton. 

....'/- Omnia 



/ ^T%e Jtrfl Booke.. 41 

Omnia pradiAa feod. fiiot parua feod. prseter. 2« feod. . 
in Kilkam lond« 



Hundred de Eqfl. 

IOhanoa de Rame ten. i. fe. magnum de Senlock. 
Nicholaus Danne ten. i. partem feod. did. feod.de 

Mortimer in Tregantle de Modeton. 
Idem Nich. ten. i. magnum feod. de Abbate de Ta« 

uiftaulc 
Idem Nich. ten. i. mag. feod. in Trecan & Trecurncl 

& Churleton de pra^di£t. Abbate. 
Idem Wil. de Bodbrand ten. 2. parua feod. de Mor- 

tcynne in Penhangle de Trematon. 
Idem Will. ten. i. paru. feod. didl. feod. de Mortcynn 

in Karkeil de Trematon. 
Rogerus de Tredenick ten. in Trcdenick 5. part. i. 

parui feod. prout ibid. 
Rogerus de Ferrar ten. 2. parua feod. didt. feod. de 

Mortyn in Pcnpol de Tremerton. 
Idem ten. i. paru. feod. in Hadoh de Tremerton. 
Idem ten. i. paru. feod. in Wefluenton de Tre- 
merton. 
Idem ten. di. paru. feod. didt. feod. de Mor^n in The- 

lebridge in la rode. 
Idem ten. 3. part, vnius paru. feod. in Croketon de 

Tremerton. 

M Idem 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

Idem Califtock ir paru. feod. & eft in manu regts^ 
Idem aqua de Tamar di. feod. in manu rcg. de honore 

deTremeton. 
Idem Rogeras de Inkepenne ten. 2. para. feo. Mortyna 

in Halton. 
Galfrjd. deErtfa. ten. di. paru. feod. ibid» 
Idete Galfrid. de (^roue ten. j. part, vnins di. feod«* 

paru. de Mortyn ibid. 
Idem Nic. de Merton ten. i. paru. feod. Mortyn it^ 

Treualua^e & in Trekinward. 
Will, de Botriauz ten» di. paru. feod. de Mortyn ii> 

PeAhele de rcgc. 
Thoinas Lercedekne'ten. 4. part. i. feod. paru. in Treun 

ris de regc. 
Baro de Stafford ten. di. feod. paru. diA. feod. d^ 

MoVtyn de rege in Kallilond. 
Epifcop: Bxon. ten. i. mag. feod. Gloce. de rege. 
Ric. de Trcnaga tenet ibid. paru. feod. de Willi.. 

Botriaux. 
Regin. de'Beuil ten. ibid. paru. feod. in Tredawil de 

Wil. de Botriaux. 
Idem Prior de Mlnftre ten. i. paru. feod. Mort. in, 

Polifant. 
Idem Nic. Danne ten. 3. part. i. feod. paru. dicL feoda 

de Mor. ia Legh... 

Hundred 



CArdynati Penlyaren. pm cjtfob^s feod; p^rii^.c^db 
febd de M(»ieyji:in ctfftod.ia r^gis; 
Ric. de Serifeaux ten. 3 • paru. feod. de Mo7t« in 
Laurethoft, Kilgather & LaoCalwys* 
Will, de Bodrigan ten. partu £io4»Jn .T^cthim. Be^ 

fantl''- •' • '• '.-./'*.. . r. -ir'^: 
Maneriunt de Liskerd eft di. paru. feod« Mort. 6c .e(( in 

miriu reg; 
'T)[iQ. de Cniptus ten. 2« paru. feod. in Cruphs &3 

Caruaton. '. 

Matheus dd Treth^fce tern z. parv fcod. Mo« in Trc^ 

thake« Lamlewarn, Trelewarn' & Denant. 
Mathilda de HewifchT teo- ^i- part, feo; in Meuely* . - - 
lob. de Wellington & Reg. Querquius* ten. 5. part. i« 
fcod. in Fawjrton. 

Hundred de trigger. 

ROb. Thorny ten.di. feod. jti Blifton dia. feod. 
Mortyn. ..: 

Idem Nico. de Bindon ten. in Penro&burdon di. feod« 

• Mort/ 

Rob. de Cheyndut ten. in Bodannan 4. part. i. fee. 

• Mort. 

lofa. filius Wil. te. in Kinnarght 4. par. i. fee. Mor. 

M z Idem 



Tie Suru£y of Corytwall. 

Idem ten. in Tregradecki 4. part. i. feod. Mor» 
Henricus Camel ten. in Belionnus, i. feod. Mor» 

PolrQda. 
Robert, de Brann ten. in Dclifonbol i. feod. Mort. 
Matbeus & Agnes de Trehauk ten. in Trehome dk 

fcod. Mort, 
Robertus GiiFard te. in Lannomunnaa di. fe. Mor. 
Robertus de Helligan ten. ibi. 2. feo. did. fe. Mort. 
Johannes de Tinten ten, in Tynten & in Trewismcck 

I. feod. Mort. 
loh. de Senefchal t«. in Helland^ 4. part. i. fe. Mort. 
Hsres de Walesbren ten. in Lamailvren 4. part. i« feod« 

Mort. 
Ric. de Refcarreck ten. in Refcarretanus 4. part. fe. 

Mort. 
Dom; de Lancarfie ten. ib. 5. part. i. feo. di. fe. Mort. 
Dom. de Portguin ten. ib. di. feed. Mort. 
Siluefter de Tregamuran ten. in Tregonen i. feod. 

magnum, 
lohannes Darundle ten. in Treaw&t^ & in Trenbeich i. 

feod. Mort. 
Epifcop. Exon. ten. in Eglofel i. feod. mag. 
loh. Tracy & Hugo Pcuercl tenent in Tremicord & 

Hamatethy, 2. feod. Mort. 
Ricard. de Serifeaux ten. in Kilkoid 2. feod. & di« 

Mort. 1 

lohannes de Guillez ten, in Trenderet. i. feo. Mor« 
» BariiXi, 



He firfi Book. 43 

Barth. deXanL ten. ibid. di. feod. Mort^ 
loh. fil. Will. ten. in Haumal di. feod. 
Alanus Blughon ten. in Polrodon Donnat 2. feo/ 
Mort. 

Hundred de Ftder. 

IOhannes de Vinfrauil ten. ratione Alicias vxoris fu2> 
1 . mag. feod. in Laherne. 
Ric. de Hiuoifch ten. ibid. mag. feod. in S. Idy. 
Rofamunda de la forefl ten. ibid. mag. feod. in Tre« 

ueald. 
Bartholomeus de Bercle tenet dimid. mag. feod. in Tre- 

woleck. 
lohannes de Tregage tenet dimid. . mag. feod. in Tre« 

nurdre. 
Epifcop. Exon. te. 5. part. mag. feod. in Dinbegh. 
Rad. de Berthei ten. ibid. i. paru. feod. 
Henric. Tics te. 4. part, mag, feed, in Trewarnayl. 
Item Rex ten. 4. part. i. mag. feod. in Trewarnayl. 
Ela de fandt. Colano ten. ibid. di. paru. feo« Mort. 
Ric. de fand:. Colano ten. ratione Ifoldx vxo. eias 

ibid. di. paru. feod. Mort. / 

4lob. Thomy ten. in Caruaton 4. part. i. paru. feod. "^ 
Barth. de Berckle te. in Tremofj di. paru. feo. 
loh. Darundle ten. di. paru. feod. in Treloy. / 
lohannes Hamelyn te. di. paru. feod. in Trekinnen* 
Rad. Darundle te. di. paru. feo. in Trekinnen* 

M 3 Rcgiflif 



Tie Surtuy tf Gfrmoall. 

Regin. de Botriaux ten. ^ part, pariu fcdd. in Cvd-f 
fordfcrlc. 

Hundred de Powder. 

Win. dc Campo Arnolphi ten. in Tiwardraith i. 
feo.. vndc Prior ten. j. acr. &; di. ibi. Ideoa^ 
Will. ten. in Bodrigah Pcnarth & Cargois ^ 

fcOd. ; . ^ 

Idem Will. ten. m Gouely I. febd. 

Idem Will. ten. in Prideas i. fcod. 

Idem Will. ten. in Liftieftick i. fcod.. . 

Idem Will. ten. in Treuerlynwater di. fcod. 

Idem Will. ten. in Bodenda 4. part. i. feod. 

Idem Will. ten. in Treuerbindren 5. par. i. feod. 

Idem Will. ten. in Tronneck 5. part. i. feod. 

Idem Will. ten. in Tronalgerthan 4. part. i. feod* 

Epifcop. Exon. ten. ih Caniwerez i. feod. 

Idem Epifcop. ten. in Trend i. feod. 

Idem Epifcop. ten. in Taluren i. feod. 

Idem ten. in Fentengullyn di. feod. 

Idem ten. in Trcmnel di. fcod. 

Idem ten. in Trelonck. di. feod. 

Henr. de la Pomeray ten. 3. part. i. feo. in Hcllarna. 

loh. de Riparys ten. in Maun t ay n di. feod. 

Idem ten. in Trcthak i. feod. 

Steph. de Belloprato ten. in Treucwith & Tfcwithy di. 

^ fcod. par u. 

2 Serlo 



The firfl Booties ' 44 

Scrlo dc Lauladro ten. ibid. & in S. Goriann & in pacu^ 

Luntyan i. feod. & di« para. 
Rad. de Kiiligreu ten. ibid. i. feod. para« 
Wdl. de fiodrigan ten. in Tremodret & in la roohe 3. 

feod. paru. . 
Serlo de Lauladro ten. in Alet 3. part, i.^ feod. 
Will. Stanley & Comes de Riuers ten. i.^eod. mill. Mo* 
* inEIerky. 
Haeres locei Dynnan ten. in Eglofrofet in Trelewith 

I. feod. 
Will. Bailiisbury vaca. vxo. fuaci ten. in Blanchelond 

I. feod. 
Henr. fil. Maugi de Kiiligreu ten. in Trewyn 3. part. 

I. feod. 
Ric. de Hiwifch ten. in t'renafanilel dL feodi 
Idem ten. iifi Gloures 1. feod. 
Hasres locei Dynnan ten. in Argallez i. feod. paru. 
Idem ten. in Fountomon 3. part. !• feod. -para. 
Hsres Xhoajaede Prideas ten. in Bofwyghergy 2. part. 

i . feod. paru. 
Mat. de Trethake ten. in Tragameddon 2. feo. par. 
Rex. ten. aig^uam de Fawe pro 2J feod* & 3. part. i. feo*' 
Hcnricus dfi la Pomcrcy ten. li.'fcod* in Tregony* • -^ 

Hundred de JCerier. , 

W Alter. Wailisbury & Ifolda vxor eius te^ 3. feod^ 
in Rcfcronges didta feod.. Mortan. ^ *-*• 

M 4 lohannis 



^be Surtity of Corwmall. 

lohannis de Riparys te. in Rofcwike i. feo« IVlort. 
Epifcop. Exon. ten. di. mag. feod. in Minflre. 
Rogerus de Carminoo ten. 20. part. i. feo. Mort. extra 

lo. part, illius 20. in Wynnenton» Martbyn & Ta-» 

merton. 
Thomas Durant ten. in Penzengnans, i. fe. Mort. 
Johannes ^1. Will. ten. di. feod. in Arwortbel per Car^ 

tam Edwardi quondam Com. Cornub. di<3:« feod* 

Mor, ; 

EutdentiiB extraSi^e de ruhro Ubro 

de Scaccario^ 143. 

Camub. 

Robertas de Cardtnan 71. feod. milit., 
Reginaldus de Valle torta 59. de honore de Tre-* 
me ton. 
Thomas de Mjddleton 10. de honore de Midd. 
Will, de Botterill 12. mllit. 
Robertus fil. Walteri 11. milit. de feod. Ric. de Lufll 

auunculi fui. 
Robertus de Peuerel 9. milit. de feod. eiufdem. 
Ric. fil. Ric. I. feod. & 3. part, cuin hsre de Willi. 

Rupe. 
R'ad. Bloyon 7. 

Arehennaund. Flandrenfis 7. milit. 
Hpbertus de Tintagle 5. milit. 
'Henricus fil. Will. 4. milit. 

wni. 



Tie firft Booh. 45 

WrL^ de Albemarle 5. milit. cum tt]x€t. Robert, dc 

Bikehat. 
Radulphus de Treat, i. milit. 
Ric. Wallcnfis 2. milit. 

Wil. de Bofcojloardi 2. milit. j 

lohannes de monte acuto. 
Henricus de Pomeray. 
Henricu8 de Herys i. 
Pharanus Warebras i. milit. 
Barth. fil. i. milit. 
Gilbertus Anglicus i. milit. 
Symon Pincerna i. • : 

Ric. filius luonis i. 
Ric. Buzon. i. « - 

Henrictis fil. Com. i. 
Huardusde Bekelege i. 
Walterius de Dunftan viL i. milit. 
Haftul de Sullinge 4. part. 
Robertus de Mandeuil i. milit. 
Alicia de Valletorta i. milit. 

Seriantes. 

PEtrus fil. Ogeri 40. Cabulion per vnam Capam 
de Grefenge in aduentum did. Regis in Cornu* 
biam. 
Rogerus Cithared 5. pro portanda ilia Capa dum Rex 
fuerit in Cornubia. 

N lohannes 



/ 



The Surmy tf Cormoall. 

loban. dc Pencoit vnam acram in Lamctyn prcc. dc 5^ $• 

fac. ibid, cudodiatn per 40. dies. 
Rog. de Bodmel i. acram pro fequela in Corn- 
Rob. Efpiakelin duas acras & furuum in.LancenetOD, vt 

eat in exercitum cum rege Aipendiis iplius Rqgis^ 

Extenta acrarum Cornuh. faSia coram Salom. dt 
Rojf. ^fociisfuis lujiic. itinerant, apud Laun^ 
cefion a die Pafcbce in ^./eptiffumas anm Reg^ 
Edw^ 12. 

Hundred de Penwith^ 



Decunar. dc Tihidi. 70* 
Redwory 14. Acras^ 
Couerton* 45. 
Trcruffc. i. 
Drcyneck. 5.. 
Berinerton. 45. 
Gurlyn* 15. 
Loygans. 9. 
Tencnt de Trcgony. 9* 
Penucrthy. 8. 
Vthno. 8. 
Prior Mich. 8. 
Tfcynwal. 20. 
Luddcuan. 55. 



Laniftly 28. Acr. di* 
Alwarton. 64. 
Trcfruff. 3. 
Marchel. 23. 
Trcfundryn. 20,. 
Maen. 15, 
Brcc. 8v 
Kelyneck. 24. 
Warewil. 2^. 
Trcdync. i. 
Trewannard. 
Kelifion. 6^ 
Tredeny. 3. 



Sum^S22. Acr. 



I 



Htmdred 



Tbe firfl. Boi^it. 



4S 



Hundred de Kerter. 



Talgollon. 6. 
Penfignans. 6. 
Kencl I . di. 
ArwotheK 9. 
Reftrongas. 21. 
Penryn. 21. 
Trcros. 6. 
Minder. la. 
Tfiewotheck. 6* 
Trcnawcth. 9. 
Trelan. 9. 
Rofcwikc. 30. 
Lyfard. 12. 
Tredaneck. 6. 
Tucays. 6. 
Clehar. 6, 



Carmynow. iS. 

Wymanton. 12.. 

Trcbrabo. 24. 

S. Mawgan. 9* 

Helfton. 30* 

Mcthele. 15. 

Trcnhalc. 6, 

Godolghan 13. als. Epo. ^. 

Pengirfick. 6. 

Rogearon. g. 

Wcnna. 9. 

Trclcw. 9. als, i. Ac. Exo% 

Prcfprinick. 6, 

Trclybey, 9. 

Luceas 31. als. 31. Ac. Ex. 



Deci. de naufhike pro. ^. 
Kaleftek. 4. 
Elineas. 24. 
Dygimbris. 39. 
Trcloy. 9. 



Sum. 397. Acr. & dimid. 
Hundred de Pider. 



Trcwcnncck. 3. 
Trewoleck. 9. 
Bodwenck. 9. 
Rialton parua. 57. 
Trcnowith. 3. 
Na 



S. Ify. 



S. Ify. 14. 
Lanheyl Tinten. i8« 
Methean. 2. 
Trcwarnayl. 51, 
Carantock. 18. 
Ryalton. 18. 
Lanhernow. 18J 
Pawton. I20. 
Aldennow. 21. 
Lantallcn. 4. 
Trcmore. 6. 
Banhedrek. 9. 
Retergh. 9. 
Trcwynnian. 3. 
Mcyndy. 6. 



of Cornwall. 

Trcworder Bilcon. iz. 
Meddefchole. 9, 
S* Pcran. 3. 
Eliquyn. 6« 
Cargoule. 39. 
Porthe. 9. 
Carnaton. 14. 
Trcgcnnow. 9* 
Tremblithe. 4. 
Gluuian. 3. 
Withicl. 15. 
Ryalton magna. ^^^ 
Cotford fcUc. 15. 
Bcrthcy. 24. 
Cragantallen. 3* 



Sum. 700. Acr. 
Hundred de Powder. 



Dccuna dc Tregairc. 93. Trcworcck & Trcw/ 24. 
Inde alloc. 20. Ac. pro. do. Tremodreth. i8. 

Deuon. Treueruen & Poldu. 15. 

Blanchelond. iK Eglofros. 3., 

Argallas. 6. Crogith & Caryheges. 9. 

Trcnowcth. 9. Trcuanion. 6. 

Kcftel & Coran. 6. Lanhaddron. 4. 

TrcJucck 



Tie firft Booke. 47 

Trclucck. I. Boderdel. 20. 

Trclcwith. 6. Brithion, 8. . 

Tewynton. 33. Lancftck. 6. 

Tregony Pomcray, 32. Elerky. 42. 

Trcdack. 20. 'Wcrhcckbofuclcck. 4. 

Gouily. 9. Cargoul. 8. 

Pennarth. 9. Trcihcrf. 3. 
Trcnycck & Colours. 7. di. Pcntewyn, 3. 

Trcthcwy. 6. S. Goron. 6. 

Bofwhhthe. 20. Beranel. 36. 

Trenance priour. 1 2. Trcnananftle. 8, 

Killiuregh. 2. Trcgarreck..i4, 

Landegy. 9. Marcsk 36. pro rcg. al- 

Trcgamedon. 6. - loc. 2. 

Alet. 12. Bodrugan. 9. 

Berihcy Brune. 3, Trcualgartbyn, 3* 
Growith&Trewithgy. 30. Lauada. j.. 

Trcworcck. 9. Pridiaux. 12. 
Tybeft & Penkeuel. 42, Tywafcreth. 36. 

Trcucruyn. 3. Pcnfentimow. 6. 

Nantyan. 36. Kenewyn. i. 

Sum. 573. Acr. & dimid. 

Hundred de Trigg. 

Eglofliayl. 7, du Lannoufun. 18^. 

Penpout. 21. Bendeuy. 36. 

N 3 NamaiL 



T'he Suruey 

Namall. 3. 
Hundr. de Trig. 9. 
Trelindret. i. du 
Tintcn. 12. 
Trcncfquit. 18. 
Pctcrow. 6. 
Boddannan. 27. 
Dellodbol. 6. 
Blifton. 33. 
Canta. r. di* 
Broncyr. 2. 
Rugog. 9. 
Delioner. 9. 
Polroda. !$• 
Killigcn. 9. 
Portligwyn. i. di. 



vf CormoalL 

Rofcarreck Bighan. 3. 
Trcgradcck. 16. 
Lancarff. 6. , 
Pentir. i • di* 
Trcwornar. 18. 
Penrosburdon. 12. 
Killigint 18. 
Tridifeck. 18. 
Heligan. 9. 
Reskarrekatn. 9. 
Linnoban. 66. 
Bodymel. 12. 
Trchancck. 6.. 
Hellaund. 6. 
Tamitcihy. 12. 
Lanowfeynt. i^. 



Sam. 473. & Jims J. 



Hundred de Lefnewith. 



Hellefland. ^j. 
Treualga. 18. 
Treuilla. 3. 
Cracampton. 12. 
Dyfard. 6. 
Wolueflon, 9. 



Cydmontb. 7. 
Powndftock. 9. 
Donneny. 18. 
Trefeward, 7. di, 
Bochym. 2i. 
Bolcny. 8. 



Treglafta. 



Tie firft Booh. 48 

Treglafta. 35. Ebfett. 21. 

Mokeloufid. 8. S. Gcnys, 10. 

Treucructh; 9. Whalsborow. 8.. 

'Wortheual. 29. Ottcrham, \z. 

Lcfncwith. 24. Trcmayl. 6. 

Sum. 337. Gf dimid. 

Hundred de Stratton. 

Decena dc Middeland. Marwyn-church & extra. Zf 

68. di. 

Launceles. 2X>. Loghe. 2. 

Thurlcbcre. 12. Corg. !• 

Weke. 15. Fancefton. 8. 

Wadfaft. 17. Pennalym, 17. 

Wyldfworthy. 4. EfFord. 21. 

Tamer ton. 8. Bere. 3. 

Harnacot. 9> di. Hilton. 20. 

Morton. 2. Forkefton & Brendon. 4* 

Kilkampton & Allerton. Witdon & S. Petnel. 2. 

68.. Boyton & Bradbridge. 9.. 

Stratton. 21.. dimid. 

Bryard. 5. 

Sum. 341. Acr. Gf dimid. • 

> 

N 4 Hundred 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 



Hundred de Eaft. 



PenheaL 36. 
Item Ibid. i. 
Trcdawcl. 13! 
Trclosk. 14. 
Taucftok. 27. 
Modeton. 9. 
Cauilond. 44. 
Launcelond. 50. 
Polifaund. 6. 
Trefrys. 18. 
Lawytton. 80. 
Hafton. 7. 

Landilp & leghe. 14. 
Killaton. 20. 
Trcuaga. 13. 
Trcnymcl. 12. 
Penpol. 24. 
Trciiariha. 3. 



Cardinal! • 24. 
Breuigon« 6. 



Landreyn. 3. 
Clemyflond. 50. 
Halton. i8« 
Newton. 16. 
Trematon. 80. 
Lanrake. loo. 
Sheuiek. 100. 
Trcgilla. 12. 
Penquite. 11. 
Carnedon. 8. 
Rame. 20. 
Bennalua. 20. 
Penhafgar. 26. 
Thorlcton. 5. 
Cranydon. 24. 
Buyfworek. lo. 
S. Germyn. 37. 
Hamet. 7. 



Sum. 927. 



Hundred de Wefi. 

Trcuellawan. 15. 
Lanrethow. 12. 



Efldraynez. 



Eftdfaync2. 6. 
Treixifcthttf. 24. • "^ 
Recradocftr ^ 
Lutcot 24. 
Pcndryn. 6. 
Killigath. g. 
Plenynt. 9. 
Maneljr* I2* . 
JPolfcotb. I. dimid; 
Botylet. 9. 
Killigoreck. 9. 
Baurylen & Hamiteth. 3 
Eowyton. 30* 
Trcucruyn. 6. 
Weft Draynez. 6. 
Laskcrd. i8« 
Cratotir. 9* 
Trelowya. 6* 
Trcoant. 6. 



S. Wynow, 4. dimid. 
"' ' Bocunek. k:^; 

a Wot. 3. 

Pcrpol. 24* 
Loulcwith. 6. 
Trcthcwy. 3* , 
Pcnquiw, 9. 
BoccaIawar« 6* ' 

Tallan, 6. 
Tretbek. 6. )dimid. 

KiL&til i.dimid» 
Btothbk.^; 
.Penffan. 9. 
Colmettyn. 6» 
Kelly & MIghftow. %i 



4^ 



tot, 5555. i&tid, Acri 



Nomini 



Tie Suru^ of Ctinmall, 

Nomina Baron. & Militum ex Rotulis de feodii 

Militunfy vei de Scutagn filutis Rsgi 

R'ichardo primo : la libro rubeo* 

Scaccarii. 

Cornubia, 

WAlterus Hay 20. M. per Agn. vxorcni 
fuam. ... 

Nichblaus filius Galfridi 10. M. 
Waii. Boterdl. 12. M. 
Alanus Blandas 7. M. ' "^ 

Geruafius filius Willi. 5. M. 
Willi, fra'tcr Comitis 4. M. 
Willi.fiUa8Rie.5.M. ! 
Rad. dc Rape 3. M, - x • .* . I 

Willi. DUttcr.i.M. y • • ' 

Henricus de Treddebefg. i. M. •• ' 

Richardua ffliiia luo. dim. M. 

lohannes de Soleigny. 

Stepbanus Flandrenfis. 7. M. 

Alanus de Dunftaaill. i. M. 

Rogenis Aoglicus. i. M. 

Regium de Va(Ie|ctitt 5r. M. - ■ 

Secundum quod Lucas filius fiernardi S^neTcallttt enw 

mandauit per litteraa Bason* de Scaccar* in Anno 

fezto Re^ Ricbardi, 

""- ^ J Robcnu^ 



The firft BooJU^ SO 

Robertas de Cardin. 71* M. 

Secundum quod Senefcallus eiuidcm maodauit Baron. 

eodem anno 6. R. i. • • 

palfridas de Lacell. qui ^habet i^mfed. feod. q. fuerunc 

Richard, de Lucy in hoc Com. g* M. ficut Ric« filiat 

Willi. Senefcallus eius mandauit per breue^Anno 

regni Regis Richardi o^auo* 

Cornubia. 
» Annd 40. Henn tertiL 

liiufiri nnro. Domino Henricop Dei gratia, Regi Anglidt,^ 
Domino Sibemiitp * Duct Nor* Aqtd^an. & Com^^ 
Andeg. vicecomes CornuAi^^ Jktutim, cum omni feve^ 
rentia & obfequio. Ad mandatum nteftrum, nomind 
illorum ^ui ten. quindecini libratas terra niel plus, 
& teneitf per Jeruitktm miUtare^ & militet non - 
Juntt exceUentia vefiree prafentiSus tranfmitto^ vide^ 
licet^ - " ' 

THomas de TracjTi cuius terr« in Comubia valent 
40* libras ft plus. 
Rogems de Mefy. i6» li. 
Stephanus de Bellocampo. 15. li. 
Henn filius Henr^ de Ja Pombre. 30. li* 
Robertds de Carmeneu. i6« li. 
Willi. filiut^Roberti. 15. U. 
Marc, le Flafflanc. i6« li. 

04 WillL 



"The Sjitm ^V<^^^^^' 



Willi. Wife. i6. li. 
lordanus de'Haaimb. 14. !«» 
Robertus dc Draenas. 15. li. 
PbiUppus de VaUettMrM.40. U. 
Richard, de Gcenutlftii SQ-Uf 
Hcnncas 60 Doo^s. .15. U. 



Nomina Militum,. ^ aU<J3Mni hominum ad 
kdw.filH Regis 

V '\ ; .• . — Ws 

*^ • . • . V ; • • .*. * . • 1 » 

infra libertates ^uam ' '' \ 



f '• »• p 



Willi, de Botmux. "' . 
Rcginaldus de Botriaujfr ' 
Rad. de .Albo MoBaft?ftio; 
Richard, de Campo' ArnUljihi. 
Henrietta dc Campo ArnUl^hi* ; ' 



JU 



f 



; Tkjiifi Boohs . 51 

U Petit, 

THomasJUercedokoe «f^. in Vafcoma ia rerlcin^ 

lohannes de Alntto. 
lohiuines de Typten. 

Willi, de Ferrers. ♦ 

Koburtus Bendyo. 
Reginaldus de Mobun. . 
Robertus filius Willi, impotens miles coronator Domini 

•^Usgti. , , --- • 

lohaniM* de-Qarmenou, -;;,■, ' . h 

jOlto<b Bodrt^K^n per«gii9atv» eft ad San. lacobjUH^" 

<efniia Donuai.ilcg^. 

• ■»•.... 
^otmna bominum ad Armain 
Com, CormduB* ; 

IObaooes de Dynham* 
Rad. dc B%eiu 
Willi, ^ftti 
OMHerus de Can^oo« . 
Henrtcus de Pt^ng. 
Hogeras d^ Rcskjrmmer.' 
2ofaanxi£S de Lambron. 
lohaooes le Scor. de Taloram 

* * © 3 Ricliardw 



Tie iSurmy if. Cornwall. 

Dominus Reginaldus de Botreaus. 

"inbomM le Erchideakeac. . . 

Serlo de Laafiadcron. 

Walterus de Trem, 

Steph. de Trewythen. 

Odo de la Roche. 

Willi, del Eftre. 

Rad. filitts Oiiueri de Aruodell. 

Willi, de Bret. 

Mich, le Petit. 

lohannes de Kellerion. 

Henricus de KymycU. 

lohannes de Arundell. 

Rogerus le Flemming. 

Richardus le Cearifeus. 

lohannes de Tynton. 

Had. de Cheyndut. . , • 

Robertas le Brun. 

Stephanus de Trewynt. r^... 

Robcrtus filius Willi. 

Thomas de Waunford. 

Rogerus Cola. 

Rogerus de Meules. 

lohannes de Kylgat. 

Richardus de Trenaga. 

Philip, de San. Wynnokd. 

lohannes de Thurlebere. ', . '. 

Now 



The firfl Booke. 53 

NOW to wcaue on our former web. The ancient 
maner of Cornijh building, was to plant their *«'^'V- 
houfes lowe^ to lay the ftones with morter of lyme and 
fand, to make the walles thick, their windowes arched 
and little, and their lights inwards to the court, to fet 
hearths in the midft of the roome^for chimneyes, which 
vented the fmoake at a louer in the tbppe, to couer their 
planchings with earth, to frame the roomes not to ex^ 
ceede two (lories, and the roofes to rife in length aboue 
proportion, and to bee packed thick with timber, feek- 
ing therethrough onely ftrength and warmcnefle ; where- 
as now-adayes, they feat their dwellings high, build 
their walles thinne, lay them with earthen morter, raife 
them to three or foure ftoaries, mould their lights large, 
and outward, and their roofes fquare and flight, couet- 
ing chiefly profpe<ft and pleafure. As for GlafTe and 
Plaifter for priuate mens houfes, they are of late yecrcs 
introdudiion. 

The poore Cotager contenteth himfclfe with Cob for 
his wals, and Thatch for his couering : as for Brick and 
Lath walles, they can hardly brooke the Cornijh wea- 
ther : and the vfe thereof being put in triall by fome, 
was found ib vnprofitable^ as it is not continued by 
any. 

It reftetb, that after the Cornifh Inhabitants reall pri- 
uate eftate, I fpeake of their entercourie and traffike, and 
fo ilep forth to their perfonal. 

This entercourfe is obtayned by high wayes and ^«^<*:- 
Bridges : for highvfayes, the Romanes did not extend '**^^ 
theirs fo farre : but thofe layd out of later times, are ia 
the Eafterne part of Cornwall^ vncafy, by reafon either 
of their mire or ilones, befides many vp*hils and downe- 

P hils^ 



The Suruiy of Cornwall. 

hils. The Wefterne are better trauaileaUe, is lefie Tub-^ 
icA to thefe difcommodities : generally, the llatute i8. 
E/fz. for their amcndemcnt, is rcafonably wel execincd. 

SriJgis. Bridges, the riuer Tamer bath Polfton^ Grejham^ Horje^ 
and New Bridge. Lyner^ that at Noddetor^ Seton, and Lao, 
two bridges of the famje name. Fay riucr, Reprin, Lofl^ 
withiel, S. Night on, or Niot. Fula riucr, Grampord, 
Tregny. Loo riucr, Heffion. On the North coaft, vpon 
Camely fVade, Dittand & Helland. Vpon Deuon, Trywar-^ 
theuy, &c. for they are worth no curious enquiry. 

Traffih For maintenance of traffikc by buying ^nd fclliogy 

mar^efs. thcrc are weekely markets kept : In the Hundred of 
Eaft, at Saltajhy Launcejion^ and Milbrook. In weft H. 
at Looy and Liskerd. In Stratton H. at the Towne of 
the fame name. In Lefnewith H. at Bottreaux Caftle^ 
and Camelford. In Fonjoder H. at Foy, LoJlwithieU Grants 
pord, Tregny, and Trura^ In Trig R, at Bodmin. In 
Kefier Hun. at Heljlon^ and Perin. And in Penwith 
Hundred, at Penfants, and at S. les. Of thcfc, Bodmyrt 
and Launcejion are the greateft : this as placed in the: 
broadeft, that in the middle part of the Countie. 

Falrn. Fayres there are many, fome of which here enfiie. 
March 13. at Bodmyn, Heljion^ S. Michaels mount. 
April 24. at Loo. 25. at S. Columbs^ S. Probus. 
May I. at Launcejion j Perin. 

lun e I T .zxMinhinety ij^^ztLaunce/ion^Pehnt, Probus, Colombo 
July, on S. Margets day, at S. Stephens. S. Thomas tranfi^ 

at Camelford. 
On S. James day, at Golfinni, Saliajh. 
Auguft I. at 5. Germaines. 
On S. Laurence day, at S* Laurence. 
On the AiTtimption of our Lady, at Lahntn 

8 Sep- 



The firft Bosh. 54 

Septeml^er, wi S. Mathews day, aiLisJherd^ on S. B^ri^cU 
mewss at Lojiwithiel^ on the Natiuitie of our Lady, at 
KeHington, S. Marie weeke^ ^nd Marcafiow* 
Oftobcr, on S. Dionife day, at Treuenna in Tin f age/* 
Noaember, on S. Katherins dsLy, at £. Thomas. 
On S. Leonards day, at Launcejlon and Tregnj. 
December, on S. Nicholas day, at Badmyn. 

And bccaufe traffikc cannot bcc cxcrcifed n^itlic^ ^tf/>i$/i 
waights and mcafurcs, a wond or two of them. ydmtm^ 

Touching wayghts, the ftatute 1 2. H. 7. whicih mad^ ''* 
a generall ordinance therein, did ^eddly ei^empt thofe 
appertayning to the cunnege, in D^euon and CornwaiL 
wz. that they fhould be prioiledgcd to coatinue their 
former vfage. 

In meafures the Shire vacieth, not only from others 
1)ut alfo in it felfe : for theyj^aiie a land-imeafitrej and g 
water-meafure : the water-meafure, of things fold a.t.<he 
£hips fide (as fait and peafon) by the Inhabitants, is :fix- 
teene gallons the bu&ell; by Grangers, betweene J 8. 
and 24. The land-meafure difiereth in diners places^ 
from 1 8. to 24. gallons the bu(hell, being leaf): in the 
£aft parts, and increafing to the .Weftwards, where thc^ 
meafure Oates by the hogshead. 

The Indices of peace haue oftentimes indeuour^d to 
reduce this variance to a certaintie of double Wincbeiler : 
but though they rayfed the lower, they cannot abate 
the higher to this proportion : and yet from the want 
of this reformation, there enfae many incoaueniencfis : 
for the Farmer that hath the greateft bufhell at 
the market, maketh a price for the leiTer to ifoUov 
with little, (or at leaft) no rateable deduction. Be- 
iides, they fell at home to their neighbours^ the 

P2 reft 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

reft of the weekct by the fmaller meafure, as was payd 
iti the market for the bigger. 

There are alfo fome Ingroffcrs, who buy Wheat of 
the husbandman» after i8« gallons the bufhell^ and de<- 
liuer it to the tranfporting Marchant^ for the fame 
fumoie, at 1 6* 

So doth their Pearch exceed that of other Coun^ 
trieSy which amounteth vnto 18. foote. And it is like- 
wife obferued by ft rangers, that the Cornijh miles are 
much longer then thofe about London^ if at leaft the 
wearineffe of their bodies (after fo paincfuU a iourney) 
blemifti not the coniedure of their mindes. I cat im- 
pute this general! enlargement of faleable things^ to no 
caufe fooner, then the Cornijh mans want of vent and 
money, who therethrough^ to equall others in quality 
of price, is driuen to exceed them in quantitie of mea^ 
fore. 
Fiffinal Touching the perfonall cftate of the Cornijh Inhabi- 
^^''- I tants, to begin with their name in generall, I learne by 
mafter Camden (who, as the Arch-antiquarie lujius Lip^ 
Jius tcftifieth of him, Britannia nebulas claro ingenijjble 
fllujlrauitj that Ptolomey callcth them Damnonit^ Strabo, 
OJlidamniif and Aretemidorus, CoJJini. 

Touching their particular denominations ; where the 
Saxons haue not intruded their newer vfances, they par- 
take in fome fort with their kinfmcn the JVelJh : for as 
the Weljhmen catalogize ap Rice^ ap Griffin^ ap Owen, ap 
^uder, ap Lewellin^ &c. vntill they end in the higheft of 
the ftock, whom their memorie can reach vnto : So the 
Wcfterne Cornijh^ by a like, but more compendious maner, 
in title one another with his owne & his fathers ch rift en 
name, and conclude with the place of his dwelling; as 

Jo/i'n^, 



The firfi Booke. 55 

Johtif the fonnc of T^homas^ dwelling at Pendaruis, is cal- 
led lohn Thomas Pendarufs. Rich, his yongcr brother is 
named, Richard Thomas Pendaruis, &c. Through which 
meanes, diuers Gent, and others haue changed their 
nanxes, by renioouing their dwellings, as Trengoue to 
Nance, Bonithon, to Carclew, two brethren of the Tho-^ 
majfesj the one to Carnfewy the other to Refcrowe^ and 
many other. 

Mod of them begin with Tre^ Pol, or Pen, which 
fignifie a Towne, a Top, and a head : whence grew the 
common by- word. 

By Tre, Poh and Pen, 

You (hall know the Comijhmen. 

Neither doe they want fome fignification, as Godoffin, 
aKas Godolghan, a white Eagle : Chiwarton, the greenc 
Caflle on the hill : which Gentlemen giue fuch Armes ; 
Resiimer, the great Dogges race, who beareth a Wolfe 
paflant.^ Carnfew, alias, Carndew, a black rock : his 
houfe Bokelfyy which foundeth the lofL Goat : and a 
Goate-he beareth for his coate : Carminow, a little Citie : 
Co/owarthf the high Groue, &c. 

And as the Gornijh names hold an affinity with the 
Welfhj (o is their language deduced from the ^me ioxxtcty^^i'^V* 
and difFereth onely in rfie dialcft. But the Cornijh is 
more eafie to bee pronounced^ and not fo vnpleafing in 
found, with throat letters, as the Weljh. 

A friend of mine, one matter Thomas Williams^ dif- 
courfed once with mee, that the Cornijh tongue was 
deriued from, or at leaft had fome acquayntance with 
the Greeke :*and befides diuers reafons which hee. pro- 
duced to proue the fame, he vouched many wordes of 
one fence in both ; as for example : 

P 3 Greeke... 



The Steruey of CsrnwaiL 



Bngli'flu 

Draw 
Mother 
Biflsop 

Hccre 
Tot^ach 
Doggc 
Spurre 
Drinkc 
Boat 
Snorting, &c 



<jrteelcc« Corniih. 

Temo Tedna 

Mamma Mamm 

Epi/copos Efcoppe 

Klyo Khwo 

Didaskem Dathisky 

Kytm Kye 

Kentron Kentron 

Methyo Meih$w 

Bcopht Schapth 

Ronchos Ronchie 

This language is ftored with fufficieot plentj to ex* 
prefTe the conceits of a good wit, both in fn-ofe and 
rime : yet can they no more giue a Comijh word for Tye^ 
then the Greekes for Jneptus, the French'for Stand, the 
Engliih for Emu/us^ or the Iri(h for Kiiaue. 

Others they haue not pail two or three natui;^!!, but 
are fayne to borrow of the Engliih : mary, this want is 
releeued with a flood of moft bitter curfes, and fpitefuU 
nick'-names. 

They place the adiedtive after the fabftantiue, like the 
Grecians and Latines, as Father ours, March guiddn^ 
faorfe white, &c« 

In numbring they fay, Wonnen^ Deaw, Tre, Pidder^ 
5 6 7 8 9 lo II 12 

Pimp^ Whey 9 Zith, Eath, Now, Deag, Ednack^ Dtrnthack, 

13 14 15 16 17 18 

Tarna(dky Puzwarthack, Punthack^ Wheytack^ZitackJtaci^ 

19 so 40 I oo, 1 000. 1 oooo« 

Naunzaciy Eygganz^ Deaw Eigganz^ Cans^ Milkj MoUa. 

Durdatha mohy^ is Good giOFrow to you. Hemejtatha^ 

Good 



Ttbe firft Booh. 56 

Good night. Tatlugan a why : How do you ? Da durdaht^ 
fha why : Wcl I than kc you. Bet ha why lawanneck : Be you 
mery. Benetugana : Farewell. A fiftcr, they call Whoore: 
a whoore, whorra : a prieft, coggaz : a partridge, grigear: 
a Mare, cazock. Relauta: by my troth. Warrafay: by my 
fayth. Motta tuenda taaz^ ten thoufand mifchiefs \n thy 
guts. Mille vengeance warna thy^ a thoufand vengeances 
take thee. Vedn ioU^ de\iils head : Fein brauze, great 
head : pedn mowzdck^ linking head : and (oin infinitum. 
Which termes, notwithftandiog thogh they witnes their 
ipite on the one fide, yet retayne they as great a proofc 
of thei^ deuotion on the other: for the Lords Prayer, 
the Apoftles Creed, and the ten commaundements, bauc 
beene ufed in Cornijh beyond all remembrance. But 
the principall loue ahd knowledge of this language, 
liued in DoSior Kennall the Ciuilian, and with htm ' 
lyeth bury^ : for the Englilh fpeach doth ftill encroche 
vpon it, and hath driuen the fame into the vttermoft 
skirts of the fhire. Moft of the Inhabitants can no 
word of Cornijh \ but very few are ignorant of the Eng- 
M(h : and yet feme fo afFeft their owne, as to a ftranger 
they will not fpc ake it : for if meeting them by chance, 
you inquire the way or any fuch matter, your anfwerc 
ifaal be, Meea nauidua cowzafawzneck^ I can fpeake no 
Saxonage. The Englifli which they fpeake, is good and 
pure, as receyuing it from the beft hands of their owne 
Gentry, and the Eafterne Marchants : but they dif- 
grace it, in part, with a broad and rude accent, and ccb'p- 
fing (fomewhat like the Somerfetftiiie men) fpecially 
in pronouncing the names : as Thomas they call, Tum^ 
mas & Tubby : Mathew, Mathaw : Nicholas, Nichlaaz r 
Kcigmld, Reinol: David, Daaui: M^ry, Maari: Frauncis, 

P 4 Frowncis :■ 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall^ 

Fronvncis: lames flammez: Walter ^ Watty: Robert ^Dobhy^ 
RafCf Raw : Clemence^ Clemmowe, &c. holding herein a 
contrary courfe of cxtenfion to the Italians abridgemeftt, 
who tcrmc Frauncis, Cecco :Dominick^ Beco : Lawrence, 
Renzo : as alfo to the Turks ^ who name Conftantinople, 
Stampoli : Adrianople^ Adrina : an Olifant, Fil : and the 
Sicilians, who curtayle Nicholas, to Cola, 

Bcfidcs thefe, they haue taken vp certayne pecuh'ar 
phrafesj which require a fpeciall Didlionarie for their 

that is, fortuned 
interpretation: of which kinde are, Tis not bezibd to 

ayme, cfcape 

me: Thou haft no road, he will ncvtr/crip it, he is nothing 
handfome, lubberly, comfort, by- word, ft range, 
pridy, as alfo boobi/b, dule, lidden Jhune, 
threaten, (hunne, forbeare. 

thent, skew, hoafe. 

To reproue one of lazines, they will fay, Doeft thou 
make Idle a coate ? that is, a coate for idlenes ? In con- 
ieifturing what number may eiFe(ft a thing, they adde, 
or fome : as two, or feme : len, or feme : twentie, or 
fome : id eji, thereabouts. 

The other rude termes, wherewith Deuon and Cbr- 
nijh men are often twyted, may plead in their defence, 
not onely the prefcription of antiquitie, but alfo the 
title of proprietie, and the benefit of fignificancy : for 
moft of them take their fource from the Saxon, our na« 
turall language, and continue in vfe amongft the Dutch : 
as Nimme commeth ofNimpt: Vang, of Fieng: the one 
importing a taking by ones felfc : the other by deliuery : 
both which we now confound. Ich to Ick, Cund to Cundi^ 
g^n. Lading, to Geladen : cruing goods, to Erbnujl So 

Thwyting^ 



The firfl Booke. 57 

^hwytingf is properly the cutting of little chippes from a 
ftick. Pilme^ the duft which rifcth : Brujfe, that which 
lyeth : which termcs, as they expreffe our meaning more 
direftly, fo they want but another Spencer^ to make 
them paiTable. 

The number of Cornijh Inhabitants, though it cannot Numbers 
diredlly bee fummed, may yet proportionably be geffcd 
at by the muftcrs taken of the able men (hereafter fet 
downe) which wee will value at a tfcird part of the 
whole, in enfuing Bodins rate. Di Rep^ 

But another queftion falleth fometimes into fcanning, 
namely, whether Cornwall haue heretofore beene bet- 
ter ftored with people, then it is now. Some holde the 
affirmatiue, and vouch to prooue it, the generall decay 
of Inlahd townes, where whole ftreets, beiides particular 
houfes, pay tribute to Comdowne Caftle, as alfo the ruines 
yet refting in the wilde Moores, which teftifie a for- 
mer inhabitancy Others incline againe to the nega- 
tiue, alleadging the reafons heretofore touchedjr in the 
deare price of farmes or bargaines, by which mine 
affent is rather fwayed : for I fuppofe that thofe 
wade grounds were inhabited and manured, when the 
Saxons and Danes continual inuafions draue them to 
abandon the fea coafts, faue in fuch townes, as were able 
to mufter, vpon any fodaine occafion, a fufEcient num- 
ber for their owne defence. The refidue retired into 
the heart of the land, where, vpon a longer warn- 
ing, they might fooner aflemble from all fides, to make 
head, and the enemie in fo far a march and retrait^ 
ihould aduenture a greater hazard to bee diftrefied by 
the way. Which policy the French were driuen vnto,. 
ia Edward the thirds time, vpon the £ngli(hmen« 

Q^ oficoi 



7he Suruey of Cornwall 

often roades, and the Spaniards make vfe of at thfs day, 
in their Indies. Touching the decayed Inland townes^ 
they are countcruayled with a furplufage of increafe of 
thofe on the coaft, and the defolatc wallcs in the Mores^ 
haue begotten a feuen-fold race of cotages necfe the fea 
fide. And thus much of Cornwall compared with' it 
felfe : now, if you match it with other champion Shires, 
iriethinks, I may gather the fame to be better inhabited^ 
within a like circuit of miles, becaufe the plenty of hils 
& valleys, afford a large quantity of ground thereunto. 
He that cannot conceiue this, may read Polibius in his 
9 booke, where it is written, that for this rcafon, Lace^ 
demon^ being but fourty eight furlongs in compaffe, con* 
tayneth more dwellings then Megalopolis^ which cxtcn- 
dcth vnto fiftie. My laft proofe is grounded on this, that 
where the moft part of the (hire is fcuered into inclofures, 
you cannot cafily make choyce to ftand in any one of 
them, aboue a quarter of a mile diAance from fome 
dwelling houfe. 

After the names, language, and number thus perafed^ 
the Cornijh peoples difpofition & quality of mind and 
body, as well ancient as prcfcnt, and then their degrees 
and recreations, fucceed to be furueyed. The firft In- 
habitants, or Aborigenes, as the Paynims held, rofembled 
thofe whom our ftorics affirme Brute to haue found 
here at his landing, hugcf of body, rough of liuing, &fa- 
uage of conditions, whome an old Poet defciphercd in 
certaine verfes, which I receiued of my particular kind 
friend, and generally well-deferuing Countreyman M. 
Camdenj now ClarentieulxjVihXch he fince haih publi(bed» 

-^Titanibus illa^ 
Sed paucis famulofa domus^ quibus vdaferarum 
Terga dabant vejiesj cruor haujius^ pocula trunci: 
Antra lares^ dumeta thoros^ canacula rupes^ Prada 



TUjirfl Booh. 58 

Tr€^ cibes^ raftus venerem^JpeSfacula cadets 
Imperium vires, animas furor, impetus arma. 
Mortem pugna, fepukhra rubus, monfirifque gemebat 
Monticolis tellus^Jed eorum plurima troBus, 
Pars erat Occidui, terror maiorque premebat, 
Te furor extremum Zephiri Cornubia limen. 

Which found thus in Englifh* 
This was the Titans hauntt but with 

No plenty did abound. 
Whom beafts raw hides for clothing feru'd; 

For drinkc, the bleeding wound ^ 
Cups, hollow trees ; their lodging, dennrs j 

Their beds, brakes ; parlour^ rocks j 
Prey, for their food; rauine, for luft; 
Their ganaes, life-reauing knocks. 
Their Empire, force ; their courage, rage ; 

A headlong brunt, their armes ; 
Combate, their death ; brambles, their graue« 

The earth groan'd at the harmes 
Of thefe mount-harbour'd monfters : but 

The coaft extending Weft, 
Chiefe foyfon had, and dire difmay» 

And foreft fury preft 
Thee, C^nwalh that with utmbft bound 
Of Zcphire art pofleft. 

But afterwards, the Cornijhmen, through the conuerfa* 
lion of forraine Marchants trading into their countrey 
for Tyn, by the teftimony of Diodorus Siculus, grew to a ^. ?. 
larger meafure.of ciuility, then others their fellow, but^''-^'^ 
more rempted Ilanders. From which ciuility, in the fruit- 
ful age of Canonization, they ftepped a degree farder to 
holines, & helped to (lufFe the church kalender with di- 
ners Saints, either made or borne Cornijh. Such W2i%Keby Saintu 
ion to Solomon prince of Cor. (nchPeran, who if my author 

Ct? the 



Jbe Suruey of Cornwall. 

the Legend lye not) after that (like another Johannes de 
temporibus) he had Hued two hundred yeres with perfeft 
health, tooke his laft reft in a Cornijh parifh, which 
therethrough he endowed with his name. And fuch 
were Dubslane^ Machecu^ & Manjlunum, who (I fpeake 
vpon Math, of Weftm. credit) forlooke /r^/^W, ihruft 
thenifelues to Tea, in a Boat made of three Oxe skinnes 
and a halfe, with feuen daies vidtuallj and miraculoufly 
arriued in Cornwall. 

Learned Of CorniJI^tnen^ whofe induftrie in learned know- 

"*'*• ledges hath recommended their fame to their pofte- 
, rity, thefe few as yet are onely come to my notice : 

1 170. lohn oiCornwalU a ftudent at Rome^ and other places 
in Italy^ wrote of the Incarnation of Chrift, againft 
Peter Lumbard^ and dedicated the fame to Pope 
Alexander the third, by whom he was highly fa- 
uoured. 

1 201* Simon Thurnay^ after he had out- gone all the Oxford 
fchollers in prophane learning (fayth the commenda- 
bly paynefull Antiquarie, and my kind friend, Mafter 
Hooker) paffed from thence to Parts, and there fo pro- 
fited in the ftudy of diuinitie, that he attayned the 
chiefeft place amongft the profound Sorbonijls. But it 
was a windy knowledge that^thus filled his fayles of 
glory, which grew at laft fo to tempeft his witTes, as he 
held Arijiotle fuperior to Mofes and Chrijl, and yet but 
equall to himfelfe. But this extreame furquedry, for- 
feyted his wittes, fo as at laft they could not ferue him 
to know any letter in the booke, or to remember ought 
that he had done. 

In King Henry the thirds time, liued Michael oi Corn-- 
nvallj admirable (as thofe dayes gaue) for his variety 
cf Latioe rimes^ who maintayned th€ reputation of his 

Countrey, 



He firji Booh. 59 

Countrey, againft Henry de Airincis^ the Kings Arch- 
Poet, but fomewhat angerly, as it feemcth by thefe verfcs 
againft the faid de Abrincis : 
EJi tibi gamba capriy cms Pajferis^ & latus Apri^ 
Os leporisf catuli najus^ dens & gena mult, 
Frons vetula., tauri caputs & color vndique Mauri 
His argumentis, quibus eji argutia mentis^ 
^od non a Monfiro differs, fatis hie tibi monjiro. 

Walter of Exon^ a f rancifcane Frier of Carocus in 1202. 
Cornwall^ at the rt(\\it{i oi Baldwin o£Exon (de-) form- 
ed the Hiftoric of Guy of Warwick. 

Godfrey 9 furnanied of Cornwall, was about that time 
a cunning Schoole-man, and Diuinitie Reader in 
Paris. 

William de Grenefld, from the Deanry of Chichejier^ 1342* 
ftepped to the Chauncellorfliip of England, and Arch^ 
bifhoprick of Tork, under K. E. the firft. 
. In Ed. the feconds daies, one Geffrey of Cornwall, is 
remembred for a writer. ' . 

lohn ^reuifa, a Cornijhman, liued in R; the 2. raigne, 
& tranflated diuers books into Engli(h. 

King Henry the fift not vnmindfull of the ciuiller Arts 
amongft his Martiall exployts, founded an Vnivcrfitic 
at Caen . in Normandie, & appointed Michael Tregury 
of Cornwall, for his rare gifts in learning, to bee Goucr- 
nour thereof. 

In Henry the fixts time, lohn Skewijh compiled cer- 
taine abbridgements of Chronicles, and the warres of 
^rty. 

' King Henry the 7. promoted lohn Arundel for hi^ 
learning, to the fea ofExcefier. 

Neither is Thomas Triuet to be forgottenj as a wri« 

Q^ tcr. 






7%e Suruey of Cormball. 

HVf though he haue grauea his memory ia a fairer letter, 
by building the coftly bridge at Bridge-mater^ of which 
fometimes he was Lord. 

Within our remembrance Cornwa/Ihzth bred or har<* 
boured Dluincs, graced with the degree of Dodlorlhip, 
Moreman^ Tremayn^ Nichols^ ajid Rolls. Bachelers, Med-' 
hope^ Stowel, Moore, Dents. Of Preachers, the fliirc 
holdeth a number, plentiful! in regard of other flxires^ 
though not competent to the full neceflitie of their 
owne, all commeodably labouring in their vocation, 
though not endowed with an equal ability to difcharge 
the fame. 
CiuiSaas. Ia the Ciuil law there liued of late Dodor Kermals, & 
now doth Dodtor Carew, one of the ancienteft mailers, 
of the Chauncerie ; in which calling, after his yonger 
yeres fpent abroad to his benefit, he hath repofed him* 
felfe. Bachelers there are, Carnfew, Kete^ & Denis. Bar- 
Cmmu riiders at the Common law, Chiuerton, Tremayne^ Skawn^ 
*^'''- Micheh Moyle, Courtnay, Tub, Treffry, Sayer. Thefe tcfti^ 
fie the honefty of their carriage by the mediocrity of their 
eftate : and (if they will giue me leaue to report a ieft) 
doe verify an old Gentlemans prophefie, who faid that 
there flood a man at Polton bridge (the firft entrance 
into Cornwall, as you pafle towards Latmcefion, where 
the A(!izes are holden) with a blacke bill in his hand» 
ready to knock downe all the great Lawyers, that (hould 
ofiv^r to plant themfelues in. that Countie. In earneft> 
whether it be occafioned through the countries pouer* 
ty, or by reafon of the far diftance. thereof from thefu- 
premer Courts, or for that the multiplicity of petty ones 
oeere at hand, appertaining to the Dutchy, Stannary,, 
and Ftaochifes, doe enable the attourneyea and fuch 
& likft 



Tie Jirjt Booke. 60 

like of fmall reading, to fcruc the peoples turne, and fcJ 
curtail the better ftudicd Counfcllours profiting ; once 
ccrtayne it is, that few men of Law, haue either in our 
time, or in that of our forefathers, grownc hecre to an^ 
fupercminent height of learning, liuely-hood or autho- 
riiie. 

Of like fortune, but lefle number, are the Phificions ; Phifidwt. 
by how much the fewer, by fo much the greater witnef- 
fes of the foylcs healthfulnes. The moft profeflbrs of that 
fcience in this Country, fauing only one lo. Williams^ can 
better vouch pradifc for their warrant, then warrant for 
their praftife. Amongft thefe, I reckon Ranoe Cfyes a black 
Smith by his occupation, and furnifhed with no more 
learning, then is futeable to fuch a calling, who yet hath 
miniftrcd Phifikc for many yeres, with fo often fuccefib 
& general applaufe, that not only the home-bred multi* 
tude beleeueth mightily in him, buteuen perfons of the 
better calling, rcfort to him from remote parts of the re- 
alme, to make trial of his cunning, by the hazard of theif* 
lines; & fundry, cither vpon iuft cauftr, or to cloke their 
folly, report that they haue reaped their errands end at 
his hands. But farre more commendable is M. Atwel^ 
fometimes Parfon ofCaluerfy in Deuotf, &c now of S. Tue 
in Cornwall. For befides other parts of learning, with 
which he hath bene feafoned, he i$ not vnfeene in the 
Theoricks of Phifike, & can out of them readily and pro- 
bably difcourfe, touching the nature and accidents of all 
difeafes. Befides, his iudgment in vrines commeth little 
.bejiind the skilfulleft in that profeflion. Mary his prac- 
tife is fomewhat ftrange and varying from all others : 
for though now and then he vfe blood-letting, and doe 
ordinarily miniiler Manus Chriftu and fuch like cordials, 

<l^ of 



^be Suruey of Cornwall. 

of his owne compounding (a poynt fitting well with my 
humour, as enabling nature, who bed knoweth how to 
worke) yet moflly for all difeafes he prefcribeth milk» 
and very often milk and apples, a courfe deepely fubiedfc 
to the exception of the beft efteemed Pradlitioners ; and 
fuch notwithftanding, as whereby either the vcrtuc of 
the medicine, or the fortune of the Phificion, or the cre- 
dulitie of the Patient, hath recouered fundry out of def- 
perate and forlorne extremities. 

This his reputation is of many yeeres {landing, and 
maintayneth it felfe vnimpayred. But the fame foareth 
to an higher pitch, by the hclpe of another wing, and 
that is, his liberalitie. On the poore he beftoweth his 
paines £|^ charges gratis : of the rich he taketh mode- 
rately, but leaues the one halfe behind, in gift amongfl 
the houihould, if he be called abroad to vidt any :. The 
reft together with the profits of his benefice (rather cha- 
ritably accepted,, then ftridlly exaded from his Parifliion-- 
€rs) he powreth out with both hands in pios v/us, and 
will hardly fufFer a penny to fleepe, but neuer to dwell 
with him. 

Few Townes there are in Cornwall, or any other (hire 
between that and London, which haue not in fome large 
meafure tafted of his bountie. None commeth in kind^ 
ces to fee him, but departed gratifyed with fomewhat, if 
his modeftie will accept it. Briefly, his found affcdlion 
in religion, is fo way ted on by honefty of life, and plea- 
fan tneflc of conuerfation, that in Fabritius his voluntary 
pouertie, he is an equall partner of his honour, and pof« 
feflfeth a large intereft in the loue of his neighbours. My 
k)ue to vertue, and not any particular beholdingnes, hath 
cxpreiTed this my teftimony.. 

Fot 



Tie Jlrfl Booh. 6r 

For perfons imployed in ftate afFaires* ifid fAhtttrttatima. 
through ftept to preferment, that I may not outftridc 
late remembrance. Sir Richard Edgecumb the elder, was 
Comptroller of the houihold^ and priuie Counfeller t^ 
King Henry the feuenth, being fent by him al(b in diners 
Ambafladesj in one of which to the Duke of Britaine he 
deceafed. 

King Henry the eight made like v(e in this laft kind, 
of John Tregonwel, who graduated a Doftor^ and dubbed 
a Knight, did his Prince good feruice, and l^t faire re-* 
iienewes to his pofterity. 

Sir Thomas ArundeU a younger brother of Lanhearn 
houie, maried the fifter to Qiieene Katherine Howard^ & 
in Edward the 6. time was made a priuie Coun£bHer z 
but cleauing to the Duke of Somerfet, he loft his head 
with him. 

Sir Henry Killigrew^ after AmbafTadea and.mdSages, 
and many other employments of peace and warre, in 
his Princes feruice, to the . good of his Countrey, hath 
made choyce of a retyred eftatCj and reuerently regarded 
by all forts, placeth his principal! conteatment in him* 
felfe, which, to a life fo well aded^ can no way bee 
wanting. 

Mafier George Carew, in his . yonger yeeres gathered 
fuch fruit, as the Vniuerfitie, the lones of. Court, and 
forrayne trauell could yeeld him ; vpon his returne, he 
was nrft called to the Bar re i then fupplyeid the place of 
Secretarie to the Lord Chauncellour Hatton j and after 
his deceafe, performed the like office to his two fuccef- 
fours, by fpeciall recommendation from her Maieftie, 
who alfo gaue #him the Prothonotaryfhip of the 
Chauncery^ and in anno^ <598« ^<^nt ^bim Ambafladour 

R to 



Tie Suruiy of Cormoatt. 

to the King of Poland, and other Nothern PoteotMes^ 
i/vhere, throagh vncxpcdled accidents, he vnderwent ex- 
traordinary perils, but God freed him from them, & he 
performed his doty Tn acceptable maner, and at this pre- 
fent the common wealth vfeth his feruke, as a Matter 
of the Chauncery. 

Cornwall^ no doubt, hath affoorded a far larger pro*- 
portion of well deferuing and empk^ed members, to 
the good of their Pi;ince and Countrey, aibeit they fall 
not within the compaflc of my knowledge, & it is liker 
ly that the fucceeding age wil much encreafe the num- 
ber, by meanes of her Higfanes bounty, who to that end 
rm hath eftabli(hed feed-plots of free Schooles, with com- 
fib^s. petent pentions out of her owne cofers, for the teachers 
at Saka/h^ Launcejionf and Perin^ three market townes 
of the County. 
Martiatt In descending to martiall men, Arthur claimeth the 
firft mention, a Cornijhman by birth, a King of Britaint 
by. fucceiiion, & the fecond of the three Cbriftian V90v^ 
thies by defert : whom (if you fo pleafe) that Captayi>e 
of Armes and Venery,. Sir Trijiratftj (hall accompany. 
From them, I muft make a great leap (which coa- 
uinceth me an vnworthy aflbciat of the antiquary Col-, 
ledge) to Sir lokn Naphant who (if I miftake not) was 
by country a Cornijb man, though by inbabitance a Ca- 
lifian, where H. 7% vfed his feruice in great truft; and 
Cardinal Wolfey owned him for his firft mafter. More 
aflured I am, that Sir John Arundell of Trerne, vpon a 
long fight at fea, took priibner one Duncane Camel, a 
hardy Scottifh Pirate, and prefented him to K. H. the 8 : 
for our Chronicles report it. Towards the end of that 
Kings raine^ Sir fViLGodolphin alfo demejined himfelfc 

very 



mpi. 



V. 



The firft Booh. 62 

very valiantly in a charge which hee bare beyond the 
feaSs as appeared by the skarres hee brought home, no 
lefle to the beautifying of his fame, then the disfiguring 
of his face : Whofe Nephew, of the fame name and dig- 
nity, hath fo inriched himfclfe with fufficiency for mat« 
t^rs of policy, by his long trauell, & for martial affaires, 
by his prefent valiant cariage in Ireland, that it is better 
knowne, how far he outgoeth moft others in both, then 
eaiily to be difcerned for which he deferueth principall 
commendation himfelfe. So ^v^ Sir Rich. Greinuile the 
elder entcrlace his home Magiftracy, with martiall em- 
ployments abroad : whereof the K. teftifyed his good 
liking by his liberality. Which domeftical example, en«^ 
couraged his fonne Roger the more hardily to hazard, 
& the more willingly to refign his life in the vnfortu- 
nate Mary Rofe. A difpofition & fuccefTe equally fatall to 
that houie : for his ibnne againe, the fecond Sir Ric. after 
his trauell and following the warres vnder theEmperour 
Maximilian^ againft the great Turke, for which his name 
is recorded by fundry forrain writers and his vndertak* 
ing to people Virginia and Ireland, made fo glorious a 
conclufion in her MaieAies (hip the Reuenge (of which 
he bad charge, as Captaine, & of the whole fleet as 
Vice-admirall) that it feemed thereby, when he found 
n6ne other to compare withall in hie life, he ftriued 
through a vertuous enuy to exceed it in his death. A vic- 
torious lofle for the realme ; and of which the Spaniard 
may fay with Pfrrhusj that many fuch conquefts would 
beget his vtter ouerthrow. Laftly, his fon lohn took hold 
of euery martiall occafion that was miniftred him, vn- 
till, in feruice againft her HighnefTe enemies, vnder the 
command of Sir Walter Ralegh^ the Ocean became 
his bedde of honour. Neither may I without wrong 

R 2 paffe 



The Suruey of CortmaU. 

pafle oner Captaine George Wray id fflence, who (by • 
rare temperature of vcrtues) breathed courage into faia 
foldiers, purchafed loue amongft his acquaintance^ and 
bred difinay in his enemies. Or captaine Hetukr^ the 
abfoluteft man of war for precife obferaing martial! rulta 
which his dayes afforded, befidea his commendable fai^ 
ficiencie of head and hand for inoention and execution*. 
I will end with mafter William Lower^ late captaine of 
Sir Frauncis Veres companie in Netherlands who hath 
opened the war fchoole vnto a great many Comi/b young 
gentlemen, that vnder his condud fought to conformo 
themfehies to his patterae, eoerie way accomjriiflicd 
with all the due parts of honour. 
Miiimm^ ^^^ ^fechanical fciences the old Feak of Bodmyn might 
^ iuftly expoftulate with my filence, if I (hould not fparo 
him a rdome in his Surdey, while hee ib well deferuea^ 
it. This man hath beene fo beholden to Mercuryes pre*^ 
dominant (Irength in his natiukie, that without a teacher 
hee is become very skilfull in welneere all manner of 
handy*crafts : a €arpenter, a loyner, a Milwright, a 
free-Mafon, a Clockmaker, a Caruer, mettail founder,. 
Architeft, & quid non t yea a Surgeon, Phificion, Alchu-> 
cu. /#. mift, &c. So as that which Gorgias oiLeonthan vaunted 
®^^- of the liberal! fciences,. he may profeffe of the mechani'* 
call, viz. to be ignorant in none. 

The Comifi. minds thus qualified,, are the better en-* 
abled to expreffc the fame by the ftrong,.a£tiue, & health- 
j^^^ full conftitution of their bodies ; touching each whereof 
a little in particular^ though we (hail haue a fitter gene* 
rail occafion to difcourfe therof, where we handle their 
Stmtth. paflc^in^cs. For ftrength, one hhn Bn^ (well knowne 
ta mc as my tenant)^ carded vpon. his backe,, at one time,. 

by 



llejirfl BooSe^ 6^ 

hf ^e fpftce welneere of a Butte length, fixe bu(&el)i of 
wfaettoa Rieale» reckoning fifteen gallons to the bufliel, 
and the Milter a lubber of foure and twenty yeres i^e, 
vpon the whole^ 

I$hn RomaMr a ibort clowntfli grub,. moiAd beare the 
whole carkafe of an Oze, and yet nnuer togged with 
him, like that fi> famous Milo^ when Jhee was a 
Calfe. 

For adti?ity, one Kiltorf committed to Launcejiofi Amwty., 
Gayle for the laft Cornijh commotion, laying there in 
the caftle-greene vpon hi^ back, threw a ftone of fome 
pounds wayght, ouer that Towres top, which leadeth 
into the parke» 

For health, 80. & 90. yeres age, is ordinary in euery ibtJtb, 
place, and in moft perfons,. accompanied with an able 
vfe of the body & his fences. One Polzew^ lately liuing». 
peached vnto 130. a kinfinan of his, to 112. ou^ Beau-^ 
champ to io6. yea Browne the begger, a Corni/hman by 
wandring (for I cannot fay, by inhabitahce) though Iri(h 
by birth, out-icoreth a hundred winters, by I wote not 
how many reuolutions. And in the pari(h where God 
hath feated my poore dwelling, I remember the deceafe 
of foure, within 14. weekes fpace, whole yeres added to* 
gether, made vp the fumme of 340. 

Now to the degrees of their feuerall callings, where- Degrusi 
m as I will poaft ouer the Dukes to another place, fo 
for Noblemen, I may deliuer in a word,, that Cornwall Nobility. 
at this prefent enioyeth the refidence of none at al. The 
occafion whereof groweth, partly, becanfe their iffue 
female haue caried away the Inhabitance, together witb 
the Inheritance, to Gentlemen of the Eafterne parts r« 
and partly,, for that their iiliie malc>, little a£fe£ting 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

to remote a corner, liked better to trftnfplaot their poflfef* 
iions neerer to the heart of the Realme. Elder timea 
L$rJs were not (b barraine : for befides the Lord Tregoyes in 
^^'* H^il. Conquerours dayes, Bottraux Caftle vaunted hia 
Baron of that title ; both now defcended to the Earlea 
of Huntingdon : the laft deceaied of vhich. retayning 
the honour, departed with the land to my kinde friend 
mafter lohn HenJer, a Gentleman for his good parts, 
employed by her'Maieftie amongft others, in the peace 
gouernment of the (hire. 

The Lord Bonuile his houfe was at Trelawntf alias, 
TreJawney^ lately purchafed of her Highnes, by Sir lona^ 
than Trelawny^ a Knight well fpoken, ftayed in his ca^ 
riage, and of thrifty prouidence. 

The Lord Bray dwelt at : the Lord Brooke^ 

at Kel/ingfcn, where one of them hath his tombe : the 
Lord Marney at Calquite : and the Lord Denham at 
Cardenham. 

Boconnock alfo appertained to the Earles of Heuon^ 
and was by Frauncis Earle of Bedfprd, folde to Sir fVil^ 
liam^Mohun^ who deriued his pedigree from the ancient 
Barons of that name, and is alfo iflued from one of 
thofe Earles of Deuons lifters and heyres. This toge- 
ther with other fayre pofieffions, now refteth in Sir 
Reignald Mohun his fonne, one that by his courteous, 
iuft, and liberall courfe of life, maintayneth the repu- 
tation, and encreafeth the loue alwayes borne his an- 
ceftours. 
Cmulb ^^^ vao^ Corntjh Gentlemen can better vaunt of 
Gmtli- their pedigree, then their liuelyhood : for that, they de- 
riue from great antiquitie, (and I make queftion, whe- 
ther any (hire in England, of but equall quantitie, can 

muder 



WUHt 



The firjl Boob. 64 

mufter a like number of faire coate- Armours) whereas 
this declineth to the meane* One caufe there is of 
both proceeding from the want of thofe fupplies^ which 
feniice^ law and marchandife, afford the more inward 
Inhabitants of the Realme, as I haue elfewhere touched : 
yet this rule is not fo general^ but that it admitteth his 
exceptions : for there are diuers, whofe patrimonies ex- 
tend to a large proportion ; & for the refidue, the cheap* 
nes of their prouifions, and their cafualties of Tyn^ and 
fines (which 2. later ordinarily treble the certaine rcuen- 
nue of their rents) enable them with their few fcores, 
to equall the expences of thofe Eafterne dweHers, who 
reckon by the hundreds : be£ides> they finde meanes by 
a furueys to defray any extraordinarie charge of build- 
ing, marriage^ Uwing, or fuch like. , Yet I cannot denie^ 
but that fome, in gaping for dead mens (hooes, find their 
improuident couetous humour puniOied with going 
barefoot. 

This angle which fo {butteth them in, hath wrought 
many interchangeable matches with ecbe others ftock, 
and giuen beginning to* the prouerbe» that all Cornifti 
gentlemen are coufins ; which endeth in an iniurious 
confequenccy that the king hath there no coufins. They 
keepe liberally but not coftly builded or furnifiied houfes, 
giue kind entertainement to Grangers, make euen at 
the yeeres end with the profits of their lining, are re- 
uerenced and beloued of their neighbours. Hue void of 
faiSions amongft themfclues (at leafiwife fuch as 
breake out into anie daungerous excefie) and de- 
light not in brauerie of apparrell : yet the women 
would be verie loth to come behind the fafhion> in 

R4 new- 



Itle IStiruey of Cornwall. , 

newfanglcdnes of the maner, if not in coftlynes of the 
tnatter, which perhaps might ouer- empty their husbands 
purfes. They conuerfe familiarly together, & often vifit 
one another. A Gentleman and his wife will ride to 
make mery with his next neighbour ; and after a day or 
twayne, tboie two couples goe to a third : in which pro* 
grefle they encreafe like fnowballs, till through their bur- 
denfome waight they breake againe* 

And heere I thought requifitCt to lay downe the 

c^M^Miji names of fuch Cornijh Gentlemen, as I find recorded to 

xkMtimeM. hauc comc in with the Conquerour. 



Gentlemen defcended from thofe, who came 

in with the Conquerour, and now refi-* 

ding in CprnwalL 



ArunddL 

Baffet. 

Biuat, alias, B/uet^ 

Beauchan^. 

Bray. 

Belief. 

Beuill. 

Barret. 

Courterutf. 

Ciaumont, alias« Chamond. 

Denis. 



Greinuile. 

KarroWf alias, Carew. 

Mowney alias» Mohun. 

Malet. 

Miners. 

Pomeray. 

Roufe. 

SamtaJbinf alias, Semtabyn. 
Saulay^ alias, Saule. 



If 



Tie firft Booh. 65 

If the variety of Armes difclaime froiii any of thefc 
liames, i will not ftand vpon a ftiffe iuftification : and 
yet it is to bee noted, that diuers Comijh Gentlemen, 
borne yong^r brothers, and aduanced by match, haue 
left their owne coats^ & honoured thofe of their wiues 
with the firft quarter of their fhields. Which error their 
pofteritie likewife enfued, as alfo^ that before thefe later 
petty differences grew in vogue, the Armes of one 
ftockc were greatly diuerfified in the' younger braun- 
ches« 

I had alfo made a more paynful, then perfect coUec-* 
tion of mod: of the Cornijh Gentlemens names & Armes : 
But becaufe the publi(hing thereof might perhaps goe 
accompanied with diuers wrongs, to my much reue- 
renced friends the Heralds, by thrufting my fickle into 
their haruefl; to a great many my Countrymen, whom 
my want of information fhould be forced to pafle ouer 
vnmentioned i and to the truth it ftlfe, where my report 
(relying vpon other mens credits) might through their 
err^ur intitle me the publifher (though not the author) 
of falfhood : I rather thought fit altogether to omit it, 
and to note onely, that of diuers Gentlemen there haue 
bene in Cornwall^ either their names are worne out, or 
their liuings transferred by the females, into other fami- 
lies : as likewife, fundry of thofe there now inhabiting, 
are lately denized ^ornijh^ being generally drawne thither 
(betides other more priuate . refpedts) through eyther 
the defire of change, which the difeafe of difcontent 
affe(fteth, or the loue of quiet in fo remote a corner, 
or the fuppofall of commodities there arifing, and ac- 
cruing, or the warrantize from ouerlooking & bear-' 
ing, where little difference in quality tendeth to an 

S equality 



The Surmy of CormoalL 

equality in eflatts. 
r^wutr^ From Gentility, we wil dcfcend to ctuiltty, which h 
9Mn. or ihould be ia the townefiiicn« ThoTe in Cormouil do 
ao more by nature^ then others diewfaere by cboyce» 
CQOceiae themfelves an oftrai^ed fociety & om the vpland 
dwdlert, and cary, I will not £af a malice^ but an emcr* 
lation againft them, a& if ooe number in a body cotild 
continue hit wel-being without a beholdingnes to the 
reft. Their chiefieft trade confifteth in vttering their 
petty marchandifes, & Artificers labours at the weekty 
markets. Very few among diera make We of that cpor- 
tunity» which the fcite vpon the fea pro^eth vato many, 
for bailding of fhippingv and tracking in grafie : yee 
ibme of the Eafterne townet piddk that way, & fimie 
others giue themfehies to fiifaing voyages, both which 
(when need requireth) furniili her Maicfties nauy with 
good (lore of very femiceable Mariners. 

There are (if they be not flaundered) that hont after 
a more eafie then commendable profit, with little hazard^ 
and (I would I could not fay) with lefife conicicnce. 
Anno 3a. H. 8. an ad: of Parliament wasi made fbr re«- 
payring, amongft others^ the Borough rownes of Laun* 
cefion, LisAerJ, Lafrmthiel^ Bodm^n^ TrurOy and Helfton 
in Cornwattj but with what fruit to their good, I cannot 
relate. 

• Within late yecres memode, the /ea--coaft Townes 
begin to proclaime their bettering in wealth, bycoftly 
encreaib of buildings i hot thofe of the Inland, for the 
n^oft part^ vouch their ruined houfes, and abandoned 
ftreets, as too true an eutdence, that they are admitted 
nc» partners m this amendment.. If I miftake not the 
cai^e> I may with charitie inoogh wifh them ftill the 

£une 



7U Jirfi Bcoie. 66 

fame fortune : for as is elfewhefb touched^ I cooc0]rQe 
their former large peopling^ to haoe bin an efied of the 
countries impOueri&ing, while the inoafion of forraine 
enemies draue the Sea-^coaft Inhabitants to ieeke a 
more fafe> then commodions abode in tbofe Inland 
parts. 

Strangers occafioned to trauaile through the (hire, 
were wont, no lefle (harply then truly» to inueigh againft 
the bad drinke, courfe lodging, and flacke attendance 
which they found in thofe honfes that went for Innes : 
neither did their horfes better entertainment* proue them 
any welcomer ghefts then their mailers : but in ftead of 
remedy, they receyued in anfwere, that neither fuch an 
outcorner was frequented with many wayfarers^ nor by 
hanging out fignes, or foreftalling at the Townes encf, 
like the Italians, did they inuite any ; and to make great 
prouifion vpon fmail hope of vtterance, were to in* 
cutre a skorne-worthy lofle, feeing Afpettare, & non 
venire (faith the fame ItaHan) is one of the tre cofe da 
fhorire. 

Touching the Yeomanarie oiCornwalU I can fay little, T$oma$ny: 
worth the obferving, for any difference from that of 
other {hires, and therefore I will ftep downe the next 
flaire to husbandmen. 

Thcfe in times not paft the remembrance of fome ,. i^^ 
yet lining, rubbed forth their eftate in the pooreft plight, 
their grounds lay all in common, or onely diuided by 
ftitch-meale : little bread-corne : their drinke, water, 
or at heft, but whey : for the rich eft Farmour in a 
parifli brewed not aboue twyce a yeere, and then, 
God wotte what liquor : their meat, Whitfull, as they 
call it, mimekyi milke, (bwre milke^ cbeefe, cupds, 

S 2 butter. 



^he Suruey of Cornwall. 

better, and foch like as came from the cow, and ewe; 
who were tyed by the one legge at pafture : their app^a-* 
rell, courfe in matter, ill (hapen in maner : thrir legges 
and feet naked and bare, to which fundrie old folke had 
fo accuftomed their yovth, that they could hardly abide 
to weare any (hooes ; complayning how it kept them 
ouer bote. Their horfes (hod onlie before, and for all 
furniture a pad and halter, on which the meaner 'coun« 
trie wenches of the wefterne parts doe yet ride aftride, 
as all other Engliih folke vfed before R.^tbe 2. wife 
brought in the fide faddle fa(hion of ftraw. 

Suteable hereunto was their dwelling, & to that their 
implements of hou(hold#: walles of earth, low thatched 
roofes, few partitions, no planchings o/glafTe windows, 
and fcarce]y any chimntes, other then a hole in the wall 
to let out the fmoke : their bed, draw and a blanket : as 
for fheets, fo much linen cloth had not yet ftepped ouer 
the narrow cbannell, betweene therti and Brittaine. To 
conclude, a mazer and a pftnhe or two, comprifed all 
their fubflance : but now mod of thefe fafhions are vni* 
uerfally banifhed, and the Cornijh husbandman confor* 
meth himfelf with a better fupplied ciuilitie to the 
Eafterne patterne, which hath diredted him a more 
thriuing forme of husbandrie ; and our halcibn dayes of 
peace enabled him to applie the leiTon : fo as, his fine 
once ouercome, he can maintaine himfelfe & his familie 
in a competent decencie to their calling, and findeth mo- 
nie to beflow weekely at the markets, for his prouifions 
of neceflitie and pleafure : for bis quarterlie rent ferueth 
rather as a token of fubiedtion to his Land-lord, then any 
grieuous exadtion on his tenement. 

One point of their former roughnefie, fome of the 

Wefterne 



The fir ft Booh. 67 

Wefterne people do yet (lill retaine, & therethrough iii- 
fome meafure, verifie that teftimonie which Mathew 
Weftm. giucth of them, together with the Wclfli, their 
auncient coontrimen : namely, how foftering a freih 
memorie of their expulfion long agoe by the Engli(h» 
they fecond the fame with a bitter repining at their fel* 
lowfhip : and this the worft fort expreffe, in combining 
agaiilft, and working them all the (hrewd turnes which 
with hope of impunitie they can deuife: howbeit/it 
fhooteth nM to a like extremitie in all places and perfons, 
but rather by little and little, weareth out vnto a mo^e 
milde and conuerfable fafhion. Amongft themfelues 
they agree well, and companie louingly together : to 
their gentlemen they carrie a verie dutifull regard, as 
enured in their obeyfance from their anceftors, and hold- 
ing them as Roytelets^ becaufe they know no greater. 
Onelie it might be wi(hed, that diuers amongll them 
had Icflc fpleene to attempt law-fuits, for pettie fuppofed 
wrongs, or not fo much fubtiltie and ftiffeneffe to pro^^ 
fecute them : fo (hould their purfes be hcauier, and their 
confciences lighter : a reporter muft auerre no fal(hood, 
nor conceale any truth. 

We muft alfo fpare a roome in this Suruey, to the ^«««- 
poore, of whom few Shires can fhew more, or owne 
fewer then Cornwall. Ireland prefcribeth to be the nur- 
ferie, which fendeth ouer yeerely, yea and dayly whole 
Ship-Ioades of thefe crooked flips, and the diihabited 
townes afford them rooting : fo vpon the matter, the 
whole County maketh a contribution, to pay thofe 
Lords their rent. Manie good Statutes haue beene en- 
afted for redreflfe of thefe abufes,^and vpon the firft pub^ 
lifhing, heedfully and diligently put in pradtife : but 

S 3 after 



The Suruey of ChrnwaU. 

after the nine dtyes wonder expired, the Uw i$ fd^tten, 
the care abandoned, and thofe vera)in« fwarme againe 
in euerie comer : yet thofe peeui0i charitable caooot be 
ignorant, that herethrough, to th? high offence of God 
and good order, they maintaine idlenes, dmokeooffle, 
theft, lecherie, blafphcmie, Atheiime, and in a word, all 
impietie : for a worfe kind of people then tbefe vi^g»» 
bonds, the realaie i$ not peftered withal : what they 
confume in a day, wil fuilice |o releeue an ho»eft poore 
parifliioner for a week, of whofe work yon may alfo 
make fome vfe : their ftaruing i$ not to be feared, for 
they may be prouided for at home, if they lift: no almea 
therefore fliould be caft away upon them, to the rob- 
berie of the needy impotent i but money leaft of all : for 
in giuing him filuer, you do bim wrong, by changing his 
vocation, white you metamorphize him from a begger to 
a buyer. Lacks he meat, drinke, or apparrell ? (and no-* 
thing els he ought to be owner of) he muft proctire them 
of the worft by free gift» and not make choice, for a iuft 
price, of the beft. Well, though the rogue laugh you 
to fcorne at night, the alewife hath reaibn the next day 
to pray for you. / 

Surely we finde by experience, that this fo hainous an 
enormttie may be both eafily and quickly reformed : for 
let the Conftables execute upon the rogues that laft moft 
beneficiall A<^ of Parliament, with due feueritie foe one 
weeke, and the terror thereof will free the pariih for 
a month : vfe it a month, and you are acquited for the 
whole yere. If the Conftables periift in their remif- 
neffe, let the luftices lay the penalty vpon tbeoi, and 
they will no longer boodwinke themfeluca at their 
neighbouxs faults. Let the neighbour be (q pinched 
7 by 



fie Jirji Bdtfke. 68 

by xht pixtHi, boi oMt or twiie, iM be #in bdeoftie a 
great deak the itiore (dfidbf^ t6 fe^foil his charify with 
difcretioft for a IcJOg time after. 

Vpori the firft ftatotcr, there iKrki a hotife of cor re<aioti 
ereded At ^^Mirt, to the great charge, but little beitefit 
bf the Countrcy. Which experience lefToheth tbetn t6 
illude thi^ later, by appoyfrtinfg ceftaincf cotagers hoofed 
in eiiery pirifli to (erue, ffofhine tenttSf for that ptirpofe. 

Lazer-houfes^ the deuotion of certaine Cofnijb Gen-* ^<>^^ 
tleoiciii Snccfters ereifted at Minhinef, hy Liskerd, S, Tho- ^^'': 
tnas by Latiricefion't arid S. Laurence by Bodmyn : of which,' 
this faft is wetl endowed & gouerned. Concerning the 
other, I haue little to fay, vnlefTe I (hoald eccbo ibtne of 
their complaints, that they are defrauded of their r?ght. 
The much citing of fiCh, efpccially newly taken, aftd 
therein principally of the liuers, is reckoned a great 
breeder of thofe contagious humoars, which turne into 
Leprofie: but whence foeuer the caufe proceedeth, day* 
ly eucnts minifter often pittifiill fpeftacles to the Comtfh 
ibens eyes, of people vinted with this affliiflion ; fome 
being authours di their ownc calamity by the fore- 
mentioned diet, and fome others focceeding therein to 
an hceredttarius morbus of their anceftors : whom we will 
leaue to the poorcft comfort in miferie, a helplefle 
pittie. 

But let me lead you from thefe vnplcafing matters, Rtcnm. 
to refre(h yourfelues with taking view of the Cormjh ''^• 
mens recreations, which confift principally in feaiftes and 
paftimes. 

Their feafts are commonly harueft cHnncrs, Church- ^'«A 
ales, and the folenKiizing of their pariih Churches de- 
dication! whicti they tertne their Sarnts feaft. 

S4 The 



The Suruey of Cormoall 

HoTMiji The haraeft dinoers are held by euery wealthy man^ 
diMMirs. Of ag vree tcrmc it, euery good liuer, betweene Michael- 
mas and Candlemas, whereto he inuiteth his next neigh- 
bours and kinred,* and though it beare onely the name 
of a dinner, yet the ghefts take their fupper alfo with 
them, and confuhie a great part of the night after in 
Chriftmas rule : neither doth the good cheere wholly 
expire (though it fomewhat decreafe) but with the end 
of the weeke. 
churcb' For the Church-ale, two young men of the parifh arc 
«/'. yerely chofen by their laft foregocrs, to be Wardens, 

who deuiding the task, make colledion among the pa- 
rifliioners, of whatfoeuer prouifion it pleafeth them vo- 
luntarily to beftow. This they imploy in brewing, bak- 
ing, & other acates, againfl Whitfontide ; vpon which 
Holydayes, the neighbours meet at the Church-houfe, 
and there merijy feed op their owne vidluals, contribut- 
ing fome petty portion to the ftock, which by many 
fmalls, groweth to a meetly greatnes : for there is enter- 
tayned a kinde of emulation betweene thefe Wardens, 
who by his gracioufnes in gathering, and good hus- 
bandry in expending, can bed aduance the Churches 
profit. Beiides, the neighbour parifhes, at thofe times 
louingly vifit one another, and this way frankcly fpend 
their money together. The afternoones arc confumed 
in fuch exercifes, as olde and yong folke (bauing ley- 
fure) doe accudomably weare out the tioie withall. 

When the feaft is ended> the Wardens yeeld in their 
account to the Parishioners, and fuch money as exceedeth 
the disburfments, is layd vp in ftore, to defray any ex- 
traordinary charges arifing in the parifh, or impofed 
on them for the good of the Countrey, or the Princes 

feruice. 



Ithe frfl Booh. 69 

feraice. Neither of which commonly gripe fo much, 
but that fomewhat ftil rcmayneth to coucr the purfcs 
bottome. 

The Saints fcaft is kept vpon the dedication day, by Saiuts 
euery houfliolder of the parifli, within his ownc dorcs, /^¥'* 
each entertayning fuch fbrrayne acquaintance, as will not 
fayle when their like turne cometh about, to requite 
him with the like kindnes. 

Of late tiroes, many Minifters haue by their erneft in- 

ue£i:iues, both condemned thefe Saints feafts as fuper«^ 

ftitious, and fuppreiTed the Church- ales, as licencious : 

concerning which, let it breed none offence, for me to 

report a conference that I had not long fince, with a 

neere friend, who (as I conceiue) looked hereinto with 

an indifferent and vnpreiudicating eye. I do reuerence 

(fayd he) the calling and iudgem^nt of the Minifters, 

efpecially when mod of them concurre in on? opinion, 

and that the matter controuerfed, holdeth fome affinity 

with their profcffion, Howbeit, I doubt, Icaft in their 

exclayming or - declayming againft Church-ales and 

Saints feafls, their ringleaders did onely r^ard the 

rindc, and not perce into the pith, and that the reft were 

chiefly fwayed by their example : euen as the uulgar^ 

rather ftouped to the wayght of their authoritie, then 

became perfwaded by the force of their reafbns. And 

firft touching Church-ales, thcfc be mine afTertions, if 

not my proofes : Of things induced by our forefathers, 

fome were inftituted to a good v£e, and peruerted 

to a bad : againe, fome were both naught in the in- 

uention, and fo continued in the pradtife. Now that 

Church-ales ought to bee forted i^ the better ranke of 

thefe twaine, may be gathered from their caufes and 

T cffcdts. 



The Suruey of Cornwall 

tSc&z^ which I thus rafFe vp together : entertaining of 
Chriftian loue, conforming of mens behauiour to a ciuill 
conuerfation, compounding of controuerfies, appealing 
of quarrels, raifing a ftore, which might be conuerted, 
partly to good and godly vfcs, as relecuing all forts of 
poorc people, repairing of Churches, building of bridges,, 
amending of high wayes ; and partly, for the Princes 
feruice, by defraying at an inflant, fuch rates and taxes 
as the magiftrate impofeth for the Countries defence. 
Briefly, they tende to an inftrudling of the minde by 
amiable conference, and an enabling of the body by 
commendable exercifes. But I fearing left my friend 
would runne himfelfe out of breath, in this volubilitie 
of praifing, ftept athwart him with thefe obiedions : 
That hec muft pardon my diflenting from his opinion* 
touching the goodncffc of the inftitution : for taken at 
beft, it could not be martialled with the facred matters, 
but rather with the ciuilJ, if not with the profane ; 
that the very title of ale was fomewhat nafty, and the 
thing it felfe had beene corrupted with fuch a multitude 
of abufes^ to wit, idlenes, drunkennefle, lafciuioufncs, 
vaine difports of miniftrelfie, dauncing, and diforderly 
night-watchings, that the beft curing was to cut it 
cleane away^ As for his forc-remembred good caufes 
and cfFed:s, I {awe not, but that if the peoples mindes 
were guided by the true leuell of chriftian charity & 
duetie, fuch necefTary and profitable contributions might 
ftil be continued gratis^ & the country eafcd of that 
charge to their purfe and confcience, which enfueth 
this gourmandife. His reply was, that if this ordinance 
could not reach vnto that fanility which dependeth 
OA the firft table, yet it facceedcd the fame in the next 

degree^ 



Ihe firft Booke. 70 

degree, as appertayning to the fccond. Mine exception 
againft the title, he mockingly matched, with their fcru- 
pulous precifcnes, who (forfooth) would not fay Chrift- 
mas, nor Michaelmas, as other folk did ; but Chriffs 
tide, and Michaels tide : who (quoth he) by like confe- 
quencc muft alfo bind themfelues to fay, Toms tide. 
Lams tide, and Candles tide. But if the name of ale re- 
lifti fo ill, whereas the licour itfclfe is the Englifti mans 
ancienteft and wbolefomeft drinke, apd ferueth many for 
meatc andcloth too; he was contented I fliould call it 
Church beere, or Church wine, or what elfe I lifted : 
mary, for his part hee would loqui cumvulgo, though hee • 

dMAltA /entire cumfapientibus. Where 1 affirmed, that 
the people might by other meanes be trayned with an 
equall largefle to femblable workes of charitie, he fuf- 
pedled left I did not enter into a through confideration 
of their nature and qualitie, which he had obferued to 
be this : that they would fooner depart with 12. penny- 
worth of ware, then fixepence in coyne, and this fliilling 
they would willingly double, fo they might (hare but 
fome pittance thereof againe. Now in fuch indifferent 
matters, to ferue their humours, for working them to a 
good purpofe, could breed no maner of fcandalK As 
for the argument of abufe, which I fo largely dilated, 
that (hould rather conclude a reformation of the fault, 
then an abrogation of the facfl. 

For to profecute your owne Metaphore (quoth hee) 
furely I holde him for a fory Surgeon, that can- 
not, skill to falue a fore, but by taking away the 
lymme, and little better then the Phificion, who, to 
helpe the difeafe, will reaue the life of his Pa- 
tient from him* Abufes, doubtlefTe, great and many 

T 2 haue. 



^he Surmy ^f Cornwall 

haue, by fuccefie of time, crept hereinto^ as into what 
other almod, diuine, or ciuill> doe they not ? and yet in 
thefe publike meetings, they are fo prefented to eaery 
mans fight, as (hame fomewhat redrayneth the excefTe^ 
and they may much the fooner bee both efpied and re- 
drefled. If you thinke I goe about to defend Church- 
ales, with all their faults, you wrong, your iudgement, & 
your iudgement wrongeth mee. I would rather (as a 
Burgefle of this ale-parliament) ena£t certaine lawes, 
by which fuch aflertiblies fliould be goucrned : namely, 
that the drinke (hould neither be too (Irong in tafle, nor 
too often tailed : that the ghefls (hould be enterlarded, 
after the Perfian cuflome, by ages, yong and old, diftin- 
guifhed by degrees of the better and meaner : and feue- 
red into fexes, the men from the women : that the meats 
fliould be fawced with pleafant, but hotieft talke: that 
their fongs (hould be of their aunceftours honourable 
adtions: the principall time of the. morning, I would 
haue hallowed to Gods feruice : the after-noones ap- 
plied to manlike adtiuities : and yet I would not altoge- 
ther barre fober and open dauncing, vntill it were firft 
thoroughly banifhed from mariages, Chriftmas reuelp, 
and (our Countries patterne) the court : all which 
(hould be concluded, with a reafonable and feafonable 
portion of the night : and fo (fayd hee) will I conclude 
this part of my fpcech, with adding oncly one word 
more for my better iuftification : that in defending 
feafts, I maintayne neither Paradox^ nor conceite in 
nubibus^ but a matter pradlifed among ft vs from our 
eldeft aunceftours, with profitable and well pleafing 
fruit, and not onely by our nation, but, both in for- 
mer, ages, by the beft; and ftridteft difciplined com- 
6 moQ 



The firfi Booh. ^ 71 

mon wealth of the Lacedemonians, who had their wdi- 
nary BiJiUa^ and xiow in our day^s, as well by the rc- 
foraiedt as Catholike Switzers, who place therein a 
principall Arcanum imperij. 

Now touching the Saints feafts, if you taynt them 
with fu(jpc<a of fupcrftitioo, becaufc they arc held vpon 
thofc Saints daies, by whofe names the parifli Churches 
are fliled, I will ward that blow with the (hield of Arch - 
Saint Az^ines authoritie, who in his 8. booke of Gods 
Citie, and 27. Chap, in the like cafe, iuftifieth a leiTe al- 
lowable prai^ife of the primitiue Chriftians. Summa, 
he cloied his difcourfe with this proteflation, that hee 
appealed not from, but to the honourably refpei^ed cen- 
fure of the rcuerend Miniftery, defiring his fpeach riiight 
receiue^ not the allowance of a pqfition, but the licence 
of a propofition : which my friends modeft fubmiflion, 
I could not but embrace my felfe, and recommend it 
ouer to your fauourable acceptation. 

My laft note touching thcfe feafts, tendeth to a com- 
mendation of the ghefts, who (though rude in their 
other faftiions) may for their difcreete iudgement in 
precedence, and prefeance^ read a leiTon to our ciuilefl: 
gentry. Amongft them, at fuch publike meetings, not 
wealth but age is mod regarded : fo as (faue in a verie 
notorious difproportion of eftates) the younger rich rec- 
koneth it a fhame fooner then a grace, to Hep or fit be- 
fore the elder honeft, and rather expedteth his turne for 
the beft roome, by fucceflion, then intrudeth thereto by 
anticipation. 

Paftimes to delight the minde, the Corntjh men haue 
Guary miracles, and three mens fongs : and for exercife 
of the body, Huntingt Hawking, Shooting, Wraftling,. ^ 

T 3 Hurling, 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

Hurling, and fuch other games, 
Qf^ary The Guary miracle, in Englifh, a miracle-play, is a 

miracle, kindc of Entcrludc, compiled in Cornijh out of fomc 
fcripture hiftory, with that groflenes, which accompani- 
ed the Romanes vetus Comedia. For reprefenting it, they 
raife an earthen Amphitheatre, in fome open field, hau- 
ing the Diameter of his enclofed plaync fome 40. or 50. 
foot. The Country people flock from all fides, many 
miles off^, to hear and fee it : for they haue therein, dcuils 
^nd dcuices, to delight as well the eye as the care : the 
players conne not their parts without booke, but are 
prompted by one called the Ordinary, who followcth at 
their back with the booke in his hand, and telleth them 
fofily what they muft pronounce aloud. Which maner 
once gaue occafion to a pleafant conceyted gentleman, 
of prattifing a mery pranke : for he vndcrtaking (per- 
haps of fet purpofe) an Adtors roome, was accordingly 
Icflbncd (before-hand) by the Ordinary, that he muft 
fay after him. His turne came : quoth the Ordinary, 
Go forth man and (hew thy felfe. The gentleman fteps 
out vpon the ftage, and like a bad Clarke in fcripture 
matters, cleaning more to the letter then the fenfe, pro- 
nounced thofc words aloud. Oh (fayes thefcllowc foft- 
ly in his eare) 'you marre all the play. And with this 
his paffion, the Adtor'makcs the audience in like fort ac- 
quainted. Hereon the promptor falles to flat rayling & 
curfing in the bitiercft termcs he could dcuife : which 
the Gentleman with a fet gefture and countenance ftill 
foberly related, vntill the Ordinary, driuen at laft into a 
madde rage, was fainc to giue ouer all. " Which trouflTe 
though it brake ofi^ the Enterlude, yet defrauded not 
the beholders, but difmiflTed them with a great deale - 

more 



/ 



The firft Booh. 72 

more fport and laughter^ then 20. fuch Guarles could 
haue affoorded. 

They haue alfo Cornijh three mens fongs, cunningly ^^^ 
contriued for the ditty, and pleafantly for the note. ^ngs. 

Aoiongft bodily paftimes, {hooting carrieth the pre-- Shooting. 
eminence ; to which in mine yongcr yeeres I caried fuch 
afieiftion, as I induced Archery^ perfwading others to the 
like likings by.this enfuing Profopopeia : 

My deare friends, I come to complaine vpon you, but 
to your felucs : to blame you, but for your good : to 
cxpoftulatc with you, but in the way of reconciliation. 
Alas, what my defert can juftify your adandoning my 
fellowfhip, & hanging me thus vp, to be fmoke-flarued 
ouer your chimnies ? I am no ftranger vnto you, but by 
birth, your countrywoman : by dwelling your neigh- 
bour: by education, your familiar: neither is my com- 
pany (hamefull ; for I hant the light and open fieldes : 
nor my conuerfation dangerous : nay^ it ftiields you from, 
dangers, and thofc not the leaft, but of greateft confc- 
qucnce, the dangers of wane. And as in fight I giue 
you protedlion, fo in peace I fupplie you paftime j 
and both in warre and peace, to your lymmes I 
ycelde adliue plyantneiTe, and to your bodyes health- 
full cxercife : yea I prouide jk)U food when you are 
hungrie, and helpe digeftion when you are full. 
Whence then proceedeth this vnkinde and vnufuall 
flrangcneffe ? Am I heavy for burden ? Foriboth, a 
fcwe light ftickes of wood. Am I combrous for 
carriage ? I couch a part of my felfe clofe vnder your 
girdle, ^nd the other part ferueth for a walking- 
flafFe in your hand. Am I vnhandfome in your fight? 
Euery piece of mee is comely, and the whole keepeth 

T4 an 



y 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

an harmonicall proportion. Laftly, am I coftly to bee 
prouided ? or hard to bee maintayned ? No^ cheap- 
Dcffe is my purueyour, eafincffe my preferucr, neither 
doe I make you blow away your charges with toy 
breath, or taynt your nofc with my fent, nor defile your 
face and fingers with my colour, like that bellborne 
murderer, whom you accept before me. I appealethen 
to your valiant Princes, Edwards^ and Henries^ to the 
battayles of Crefey^ Poyters^ jlgincourti and Floddon^ to 
the regions of Scotland, Fraunce, Spaine, Italy, Cyprus^ 
yea and lury, to be vmpires of this controuerfie : all 
which (I doubt not) will with their euiddnce ptaynely 
prooue, that when mine aduerfe party was yet (carcely 
borne, or lay in her fwathling clouts, through mee one- 
ly your aunceftours defended their Countrcy, vanqui(h- 
ed their enemies, fuccoured their friends, enlarged their 
Dominions, aduanced their religion, and made their 
names fcarfull to the prcfcnt age, and their fame 
cucrlafting to thofc that cnfue. Wherefore, my deare 
friends, feeing I have fo fubftantially euidtcd the right 
of my caufe conforme your wils to reafon, con- 
forme your reafon by pradlife, and conuert your pradtife 
to the good of your fclues and your Country. If I be 
praife- worthy, efteeme me : if ncccfl!ary, admit me : 
if profitable, employ me : fo ftiall you rcuoke my 
death to life, and (hew your felues Ho degenerate iflfue 
of fuch honourable Progenitours. And thus much 
for Archery, whofe tale, if it be difordercd, yoa moft 
beare withall, for fhe is a woman, & her mind is 
paflionate. 

And to giue you fomc tafte of the Cornijh mens for- 
mer fufiiciency that way : for long (hooting, their (baft 

was 



Tie firfl Boole. ; 3 

was a cloth yard^ their pricks 24. fcore : for ftreogth, 
they would pierce any ordinary armour : and one mafter 
Robert Arundell (whom I well knew) could fhoot 12. 
fcore» with his right hand, with his left, and frooi be- 
hinde his head. 

Laftly, for neere and well aimed (hooting, Buts made 
them perfed in the one, and rouing in the other : for 
prickes, the firft corrupter of Archery, through too much 
precifeneiTe, )vere then fcarcely knowne, and little 
praAifed. And in particular, I haue heard by credible 
report of thofe, who profeiTed and protefted themfelues 
to haue bene eye-witncfles, that one Robert Bone oiAn^ 
tony (hot at a little bird, fitting upon his cowes back, and 
killed it, the bird (I meane) not the cowe; which was 
cither very cunning in the performance, or very foblifh 
in the attempt. The firft of thcfe fomewhat refcmblcd 
one Menelausy mentioned by Zojimusy lib. 2. who nock- 
ing three arrowes, & (hooting them all at once, would 
(Irike three feuerall perfons, and might haue deferued a 
double ftipend in the graund Signiors gard, where the 
one halfe of his archers are left-handed, that they may 
not turne their taile to their Sultan while they draw. 
The other may in fome fort compare with that Auo, re- 
ported by Saxo Gramaticus, for fo good a markman, as m^ 5, 
with one arrow he claue the ftring of his aduerfaries 
bowe, the fecond he fixed betweene his fingers, and 
with the third ftrooke his (haft which he was nock- 
ing : or with that exploit of the fathers piercing an ap- 
ple on his fonnes head, attributed by the fame Saxo, to LH* 10. 
one Toko a Dane : and by the Switzers hiftories, to Gui/- 
hum Tell, the chiefe occafioner, and part-author of their 
libcrtie. 

V . Hurling 



71)6 Suruey of Cornwall. 

ff^^U Hurling taketh his denomination from throwing of 

the ball, and is of two forts, in thcEaft parts of Corn^ 
wall, to goales, and in the Weft, to the countrey* 
Hyriing For hurliDg to goales^ there are 15. 20. or 30. players 
u^oaiiu more or leflc, chofen out on each fide, who ftrip theoa- 
felues into their flighteft apparell, and then ioyne hands 
in ranke one againft another. Out of thefe ranks they 
match themfelucs by payres, one embracing another, &; 
{o paflc away : euery of which couple, are fpecially to 
watch one another during the play. 

After this, they pitch two bu(hes in the ground, fome 
eight or ten foote afunder ; and diredly againft them> 
ten or twelue fcore off^ other twayne in like diftance^ 
which they terme their Goales. One of thefe is appoynt- 
ed by lots, to the one fide, and the other to his aduerfe 
party. There is affigned for their gard, a couple of 
their heft flopping Hurlers ; the refidue draw into the 
midft betwcene both goales, where fome^ indifferent 
perfon throweth vp a ball, the which whofoeucr can 
catchy and cary through his aduerfaries goale, hath 
wonne the game. But therein confifteth one of Her" 
€ules his labours : for he that is once poflefTed of the 
ball, hath his contrary mate waiting at inches, and affay^ 
'■ tng to lay hold vpon him. The other thrufteth him ia 
the breaft, with his clofcd fift, to keepe him off; which 
they call Butting, and place in weldoing the fame, no 
fmall poynt of manhood. 

If bee efcape the firft, another taketh him in hand^ 
and fo a third, neyther is bee left, vntill hauing met (as 
the Frenchman fayes) Chauffeura fon pied, bee eyther 
touch the ground with fome part of his bodie, in wraft- 
ling, or cry. Hold ; which is the word of yeelding. Thea 
6 mufi: 



The firft Booie. 74 

mud he caft the ball (named Dealing) to ibme one of 
his fellowes, who catching the fame in his hand, maketh 
away withall as before ; and if his hap or agility bee (b 
good, as to fhake ^ofF or outrunne his counter- way ters, 
at the goale, hee findeth one or two frefh meo» 
readie to rcceiue and keepe him off. It is therefore 
a very difadaantageable match, or extraordinary acci- 
dent, that leefeth many goalcs : howbcit, that fide car- 
ryeth away beft reputation, which giueth moft falles 
in the hurling, keepeth the ball longeft, an^ prefTeth 
his contrary ncercft to their ownc goale. Some- 
times one chofen perfon on eche party dealeth the 
ball. 

The Hurlers are bound to the obferuation of many 
lawes, as, that they muft hurle man to man, and not 
two fet vpon one man at once : that the Hurler again(l 
the ball, muft not but, nor hand-faft vnder girdle : that 
hee who hath the balJ, muft but onely in the others 
brcft : that he muft dcale no Fore-ball, viz. he may not 
throw it to any of his mates, ftanding neerer the goale, 
then himfclfe. Laftly, in dealing the ball, if any of the 
other part can catch it flying between, or e*re the other 
haue it faft, he thereby winneth the fame to his fide, 
which ftraightway of defendant becommeth aflfailant, as 
the other, of aflailant falls to be defendant. The leaft 
breach of thefe lawcs, the Hurlers take for a iuft caufe of 
going together by the eares, but with their fifts onely ; 
neither doth any among then) feek rcuenge for fuch 
wrongs or hurts, but at the like play againc. Thefe 
hurling matches are moftly vfed at weddings, where 
commonly the ghefts yndertake to encounter all com- 
mers. 

V2 The 



coumrti. 



^be Suruey of CornwalL 

Hurling The hurling to the Countrey, is more diffufe and 
to th$ confufc, as bound to few of thefe orders : Some two or 
more Gentlemen doe commonly make this match^ ap-. 
pointing that on fuch a holyday, they will bring to fuch 
an indifferent place, two, three, or more parifties of the 
Eaft or South quarter, to hurle againft fo many other, 
of the Weft or North. Their goales are cither thofe 
Gentlemens houfes, or fome townes or villages, three or 
foure miles afunder, of which either fide maketh choice 
after the neerneffc to their dwellings. When they meet, 
there is neyther comparing of numbers, nor matching 
of men : but a filuer ball is caft vp, and that company, 
which can catch, and cary it by force, or fleight, to their 
place afiigned, gaineth the ball and viftory. Whofbeuer 
getteth feizure of this ball, findeth himfelfc generally 
purfued by the aduerfe party ; neither will they Icaue, 
till (without all refpeds) he be layd flat on Gods deare 
earth : which fall once receiued, difableth him from 
any longer detayning the ball : hee therefore throwcth 
the fame (with like hazard of intercepting, as in the 
other hurling) to fome one of his fcllowcs, fardeft before 
him, who maketh away withall in like maner. Such as 
fee where the ball is played, giue notice thereof to their 
mates, crying, Ware Eaft, Ware Weft, &c. as the fame 
is carried. 

The Hurlers take their next way ouer hilles, dales, 
hedges, ditches; yea, and thorow buflies, briers, mires, 
plafhes and riuers whatfoeuer ; b as you ftiall fometimes 
fee 20. or 30. lie tugging together in the water, fcrambling 
and fcratching for the ball. A play (verily) both rude 
& rough, and yet fuch, as is not deftitute of policies, in 
fome fort refembling the feats of warre : for you ftiall 

haue 



The fir ft Booke. 75 

haue companies layd out before, on the one fide, to en- 
counter them that come with the ball, and of the other 
party to fuccor them, in maner of a fore- ward. Againc, 
other troups lye houering on the fides, like wings, to 
helpe or flop their cfcapc : and where the ball it fclfc 
goeth, it refcmbleth the ioyning of the two maync 
battels : the flowefl footed who come lagge, fupply the 
fhowe of a rere-ward : yea, there are horfemen placed 
alfo on eithef party (as it were in ambufli) and ready to 
ride away with the ball, if they can catch it at aduan**. 
tage. But they may not fo fleale the palme : for gallop 
any one of them neuer fo faft, yet he (hall be furcly met 
at fomc hedge corner, crofTe-lanc, bridge, or deep water, 
which (by cafling the Countrie) they know he mufl 
needs touch at : and if his good fortune gard him not 
the better, hee is like to pay the price of his theft, with 
his owne and his horfes ouerthrowe to the ground. 
Sometimes, the whole company runneth with the ball, 
feuen or eight miles .out of the direct way, which they 
fhould keepe. Sometimes a footc-man getting it by 
flealth, the better to fcape vnefpied, will carry the 
fame quite backwards, and fo, at laft, get to the goale 
by a windlace : which once knowue to be wonne, 
all that fide flocke thither with great iolity : and if 
the fame bee a Gentlemans houfe, they giue him' the 
ball for a Trophee^ and the drinking out of his Beere to 
boote. 

The ball in this play may bee compared to an infer- 
nail fpirit : for whofoeuer catcheth it, fareth flraight- 
wayes like a madde man, flrugling and fighting with 
thofe that goe about to holde him : and no fooner is the 
ball gone from him> but hee refigneth this fury to the 

V 3 next 



Tl)e Suruey of CormoalL 

next receyuer, and himfelfe becommeth peaceable as 
before. I cannot well refolue, whether I Oiould more 
commend this game, for the manhood and exercife, or 
condemne it for the boyfteroufnes and harmes which it 
begetteth : for as on the one fide it makes their bodies 
flrong, hard, and nimble, and puts a courage into their 
hearts, to meete an enemie in the face : fo on the other 
part, it is accompanied with many dangers, ibme of 
which doe euer fall to the players (hare. For proofe 
whereof, when the hurling is ended, you (hall fee them 
retyring home, as from a pitched battaite, with bloody 
pates, bones broken, and out of ioynt, and foch brufes as 
ierue to (horten their daies ; yet al is good play, & neuer 
Attourncy nor Crowncr troubled for the matter. 
fTraflling. Wraftling is as full of manlincflc ; more delightful!, 
and Icffe dangerous : which paftime, either the Cornijh 
men deriued from Corineus, their firfl pretended founder, 
or (at leaft) it miniftrcd feme ftofFe to the farcing of that 
fable. But to let that paflc, their continual cxcrcifc in this 
play, hath bred them fo skillull an habit, as they prefume, 
that neither the ancient Greek Palejlritcej nor the Turks 
fo much delighted Peluiandersy nor their, once country- 
men, and ftil neighbours, the Bretons, can bereaue them 
of this Laurell : and matchlcfle, certes, (hould they be, 
if their cunning were anfweraWe to their pradlile : for 
you (hall hardly find an affcmbly of boyes, in Deuon or 
Cornnvall^ where the moft vntowardly amongft them^ 
will not as readily giue you a mqfter of this exercife, 
as you are prone to require it. For performing this play, 
the beholders caft themfelues in a ring, which they call. 
Making a place : into the empty middle fpace whereof, 
the two champion wrafllers flep forth, flripped into their 

duUets 



The firft Booke. 76 

dublets and hofen, and vntrufied^ that they may fo the 
better commaund the vfe of their lymmes^ and firft Shak- 
ing hands in token of friendOiip, they fall p'refently to 
the efFcifls of anger : for each ftriaeth how to take hold 
of other, with his heft aduantage, and to beare his ad- 
uerfc party downe: wherein, whofoeuer ouerthroweth 
his tnate in foch fort, as that either his backe, or the 
one fhoulder, and contrary heele do toach the ground, is 
accounted to giue ihtfall. If he be endangered, and 
make a narrow efcape, it is called zfoyle. This hath 
alfo his }awe$> of taking hold onely aboue girdle, wear- 
ing a girdle to take hold by, playing three pulles, for 
tryall of the maftery, the fall-giuer to be exempted from 
playing again with the taker, and bound to anfwere his 
fucceffour, &c. 

Many {[eights and tricks appertaine hereunto, in 
which, a skilfuU weake man wil foone get the ouerhand 
of one that is ftrong and ignorant. Such are the Trip, 
fore-hip, Inturne, the Faulx, forward and backward, 
the Mare, and diuers other like. 

Amongft Cornijh wraftlers, now liuing, my friend 
lohn Goit may iuftly challenge the firft place, not by pre- 
rogatiue of his fcruice in her Maiefties gard j but 
through hauihg anfwered all challenges in that paflime 
without blemifh. Neither is his commendation bound-* 
ed within thefe limits, but his cleane made body and 
a<ftiue ftrength, extend (with great agility) to whatfo- 
euer other exercife, of the arme or legge : befides his 
abilitie (vpon often tryall) to take charge at Sea, eyther 
as Mafter, or Captayne. All which good parts hce 
graceth with a good fellowlike, kinde, and refpedifull 
carriage* 

V 4 Siluer 



I'he Suruey of Cornwall 

Gamis. Silucr pHzcs foc this and other a&iuities, were want 
to be carried about by certaine Circumforaneii or fet vp 
for Bidales : but time or their abufe hath now worne 
them out of date and vfe. 

The laft poynt of this firft booke, is to plot downe 
GouirH' the Cornijh gouernment, which ofFreth a double confi- 
^'"^' deration: the one, as an entire ftate of it felfe; the 
other^ as a part of the Realme : both which (hal be feue- 
raily handled. 
As an in- Cornwall^ as an entire ftate, hath at diuers times enioy- 
tirtfiait. cd fundry titles, of a Kingdome, Principality, Duchy, and 
Earledome; as may appear by thefeYew notes, with which 
I hauc ftored my fclfc out of our Chronicles, 
j^g^ If there was a Brute King of Brittaine, by the fame 

mundi authority it is to bee proued, that there was Hkewife a 
2850. Corineus Duke of Cornwall^ whofe daughter Gwendolene^ 
^Fr^a ^^^^^^ eldeft fonne Locrine tooke to wife, and by her 
had ilfuc Madan^ that fuccredcd his father in the king- 
dome. 
^jQ-^ Next him, I finde Henninus Duke, who maried Go^ 
^ norilky one o\ King Lein daughters and heires, and on 

her begat ikf(?r^^7;2 ; but whiles he attempted with his 
other brother in law, to wrcft the kingdome from their 
wiues father, by force of armcs, before the courfe of na- 
ture fhould caft the fame vpon them, Cordeilla^ the third 
diflierited fifter, brought an armie out of Fraunce to the 
olde mans fuccour, and in a pitched battell ber:ft Uen^ 
ninus of his life, 
3476. Clotenus King of Cornwall, begat a fonne named Mu/- 
mutius Dunwallo, who, when this Hand had beenc long 
diftreffed with the ciuil warres of petty Kings, reduced 
the fame againe into one peaceable Monarchy. 

Be/inus, 



The firfi Booie, 77 

belinusf brother to that great terror of the Roman6s» 3574- 
Brennusy had for his appannage (as the French terme it) 
Loegria, Wales^ and CornwalL 

CaJJibelane^ fucceeding bis brother Lud in the King- 39oS. 
dome, gaue to his fonnc Hennancius^ the Duchy oiCorn^ 
HvalL 

After this Hand became a parcell oi Julius Cafars con^ JimDom. 
quefts, the fame refted it felfe, or was rather vexed a long 231. 
time, vndcr the gouernmcnt of fuch ralers, as the Ro- 
manes fent hither* But the Bretons turning, at laft, their 
long patience into a fudden* fury, rafe in armes, flewc 
AleSlus, the Emperour Dioclefians deputy, and inuefted 
their leader Afclepiodotus Duke of Cornwall^ with the 
pofleffion of the kingdome. , 

Conan Meridock^ nephew to OBauiuSy whome the End- 329. 
perour Conftantine appoynted gouernour of this Hand, 
was Duke of CornwalL • 

At the Sinode oi Afles in Fratmcc, there was prefent 351, 
one Coriniusy fonne to Salomon Duke of Cornwall. 

After the abouenamed OStauius his deceafe, Maxi^ 38 3* 
mianuSy a Romane, who maried his daughter, fucceeded 
him alio in gouernment : betweene whome, and the fore- 
remembred Conany grew great warres ; which conclud- 
ing at laft in a peace, Maxim. pafTed with an arroie Into 
Fraunct, conquered there Armorica (nanning it little 
Brittaine) and gaui the iame in fee to Conan ; who be* 
ing once peaceaWy (etled, wrote oaer vnto Dionethusy 
or Di&notus Duke or King of Cornwall^ (as Mather of 
Weft, termeth him) to fdnd him feme Maidens, whom 
he might couple in mariage with his people ; whereon S. 
Vrfula & her companions the i rooo. virgins, were {hip- 
ped, & mifcaried, as their wel known hiftory reporteth. 

X Nicholas 



TT^e Suruey of Cornwall. 

Nicholas GtlUf a French writer, deliucrcth (vpon the 
credit of our British Hidorians) that about this time, 
Meroueusj a Paynim king of Frounce, caufed his owne 
fonne to be throwne into the fire and burned, for that 
he had flayne the king of Cornwall^ as he returned from 
a fcaft. 

..^^ Hee alfo makcth mention of one Moigne^ brother to 
Aurelius and Vter-pendragon^ Duke of Cornwall^ & go- 
ucrncr of the Realme, vnder the Emperour Honorius. 

443« Carodoc Duke of Cornwall^ was employed (fayth jD. 
KayJ by OSIauius, about founding the VnTuerfitie of 
Cambridge. 

roo. ^"^ ^P^'^ Igerna wife to Gorloisf Duke of Cornwall, 
Vter begat the worthy Arthur^ and a daughter called 
Amy. 

526. This Arthur difcomfited in fight, one Childerick^ a 
king of the Saxons, and afterwards, vpon certaine coue- 
nants, fuffred him quietly to depart the Realme. But 
Childerick violating the word of a king, bound with the 
folemnity of an othe, inuaded eftfoones the Wcfterne 
coafts, harrowing the Country as he pafled, vntil Cador^ 
Earle of Cornwall, became Gods Minifter, to take ven- 
geance of his periury, by reauing off his life. 

That Marke fwayed the Cornijh fcpter, you cannot 
make queftion, vnlefTe you will, withall, fhake tfce irre* 
fragable authoritie of the round tables Romants. 

5q-^ Blederic Duke oi Cornwall^ affociated with other Weljh 
kings, darrayned a battel againft Ethelferd, king of the 
Northumbers, & by the valiant forgoing of his life^ got 
his partners the vidory. 

688. ^^^^9 fonne to Alane king of little Brittaine, firft wan 
from the Saxons^ Cornwall, Deuon^ and Somerfet (hires» 

by 



Tie firfi Book. 78 

by force of armes, and then, taking to wife Ethelburg^ 
coufin to Kentwin^ king of Weflfex^ enioyed the fame « 

by compofition. 

Roderic^ king of the Bretons in# Wales and Cornwall 720. 
(vnder whom, Bletius was Prince of this laft, and of 
Deuon) valiantly repulfcd Adelred, king of Wcftfex, what 
time he aifayled him in Cornwall : yet in the end, being 
ouer-matched in number, and tired with continual! on- 
fets, he was driuen to quit the fame, and retire himfelfe 
into Wales. 

Polidor Virgin maketh mention of one Reginaldus 866, 
Comes Britannorumy in the time of king Etheldred. 

Dungarth king oi Corn, by mifchance was drowned* 872. 
Alpjius is recorded (about this time) for Duke of poo. 
Deuon and Cornwall. 

Orgerius Duke of Cornwall^ had a daughter named 959- 
Alfride^ the fame of whofc beauty, caufcd King Edgar to 
fend Earle Athelwoldf for obtaining her at her fathers 
hands in mariage. But the Earle with the firft fight of 
this faire Lady, was fo befotted in her loue, that prefer- 
ring the accompHQiment of his luft, before the duety of 
his alleageance, he returnes anfwer to the King, how the 
common report far exceeded her priuate worth, which 
came much {hort of meriting a partnership in fo great 
a Princes bed : and (not long after) begged and ob- 
tayned the Kings good will, to wed her himfelfe. 
But fo braue a luftre could not lye long concealed^ 
without ihining foorth into Edgars knowledge, who 
finding the truth of his AmbaiTadours falfhood, tooke 
Athelwold at an aduantage, flewe him, and maried 
her, beeing a widdowe, whome hee had wooed a 
mayde* 

X2 ' Hither- 



Tie Suruey of Cormvall. 

Hitherunto, tbcfe titles of honour carry a kinde of 
confufednes, and rather betokened a fuccefliue office^ 
then an eftabli(hed dignity- The following ages rc- 
ceiucd a more diftind forme, and left vs a certeyner 
notice. 
1067. What time William the baftard fubdued this Reahne, 
one Condor poffcffed the Earledome of Cornwall^ and 
did homage for the fame : he had iffue another Condor^ 
whofe daughter and heire Agnes, was maried to Reig- 
«^A/Earle'of Briftowe, bafc fonrte to King Henry the 
firft. 

This note I borrowed out of an induflirious colledion^ 
ivhich fetteth downe all the noble mens creations, Armes, 
and principall defcents, in euery Kings dayes (ince the 
conqueft : but mafter Camden, our Clarentieulx, nameth 
. him CadoCy and faith farther, that Robert Morton, bro- 
ther to fFilliam Conquerour, by his mother Herlot, was 
the firft Bade of Norman blood, and that his fonne 
William fucceedod hims who taking part with Duke 
Robert, againft Henry the firft, thereby got capCiuity^ and 
loft his honour, with which that King inuefted the fore- 
mentioiied RetgnaU. In this variance, it is great reafon^ 
that the ballance panche on his fide, who hath both 
authority to eftablifti his aflertion, and a rarely approiied 
knowledge, to warrant his authoritie* Hee dying iflue-^ 
USt, Richard th^ firft gaue this Earledome to bis bro- 
ther lohn. 
22574 lohns fonne, Henry the third, honoured therewith hia 
brother Richard King of the Romanes, a Prince no lefife 
pleotifully Bowing in wealth, then his brother was often 
dffiuen to eztreamc ftiifts, through neediuefie : which 
made that barbarous age to poetrize> 

Nummus 



Tie Jirft Booh. 79 

Nummus ait pro me, nubit Cornubia Roma. 
Money fayd, that for bcr fake, 
Rome did Cornwall to wife take. 
He had iflue, Henry Earle of Cornwall, who deceafcd 
iffuelcflc : and Edmond, whofc daughter and heirc Ifabell 
(fayth mine authour) was married to Morice Fitshard- 
ing Lord Barckleigh : but others affirme, that this £^/- 
mond dyed without iflue. 

Edward iht fecond, degenerating in his choyce, creat- 
ed his mynion, Peter Gauejion, a Gafcoyne, Earle of this 
County, whofe pofterity ended in himfelfe, and himfelf 
by a violent death. 

The laft title of this Earldome, expired in 7ijA« of El- 
tham^ yonger fonne to that King Edward. After which^ 
King Edward the third, by adl of Parliament in the 1 1. 
yecrc of his raigne, crefted the fame to a Duchy, the 
£rft in England, and graced it with his fonne, the blacke 
Prince : for his heroicall vertues did rather bedow, then 
receiue eftimation from whatfoeuer dignitie. Since which 
it is fuccefliuely incorporated in the Kings eldeft ibnne, 
and hath bene fo enioyed, by Richard the fecond, Henry 
the fift, Henry the fixt, Edward his fonne, Edward the 
lift, Edward fonne to Richard the third, Arthure^ and 
Henry, fonnes to Henry the feuentb, and laftly, Edward 
the fixt : 10. Dukes in the whole. 

Thefe Earles and Dukes haue from the beginning, Ro^aUitf. 
beene priuiledged with royall iurifdidtioa or Crowne 
rights, namely, giuing of liberty to fend Burgcfles to the 
Parliaments, returne of writs, cuftome, toU, Mynes^ 
Treafurc-trovee, wards, &c. and (to this end) appoynted . 
their fpeciall officers, as SherifFe, Admiral], Receyuer^ 
Hauener^ Cuflomer^ Butler, 8earcher, Comptroller^ 

X 3 Gaugeor^ 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

Gaugeoft Exchcator, Fcodary, Auditor, Clarke of the 
Market, &c, befidcs the L. Warden, and thofe others be- 
foreremembred, whofe fundions appertayne to the iu- 
rifdidion of the Stannary. 

To the prcferuation of which royalties, our Parlia- 
ments haue euer carried a reuerend regard. For by that 
Ad:, 17. Bdw. 4. which enioyneth forrayne Marchants 
to beftoit fuch money as they receiue for their wares, in 
£ngli(h commodities, or to pay the fame vnto Englifh- 
men, the Kings part of all forfeytures within Cornwall, 
is referabd to the Duke. So doth that, 11. H. y. conr 
cerning the reformation of waights & meafures, prouide, 
that it (hall not be hurtful or preiudiciall to the Prince, 
within the Duchy of Cornwall^ nor to any waights of 
the cunnage : and fo doth that i. H. 8. touching Exchea- 
tors, exempt that officer in Cornwall.' It (hould feeme, 
that the firfl Earles bare a heauy hand in commaund 
ouer their fubieds : for both diuers ancient records (as 
I haue learned) make mention of tributes, impofed (al- 
mod) vpon euery thing of profit ; and it may farther be 
gathered, in that, as well townes, as particular perfons, 
were faine to procure Charters and graunts.from them^ 
for corporations, faires, markets, taking or freeing from 
tolls, mines, fishing, fowling, hawking, hunting, and what 
not? fo as (vpon the matter) the plight of a C(?r»^ Inha- 
bitant and a French pezant djd differ very little. 

Which bondage, one not long agoe fought in part to 
reeflablifh, vnder pretence of receiuing^ a rent decayed 
euer fince 9. H. 2. and aduancing her Maieflies profit : & 
to this end procured Letters patents, that none fhould 
fait, dry, or pack any fi(h in Deuon or Cornwall, without 
his licence and warrant. A matter that would, by con- 

fequencc. 



72^ jirfl Booh. *8o 

fequence^ haue made him an abfolute difpofer of all the 
Wefterne (hipping and traffike^ and their iti and land 
dependants. 

Few words, but folding vp a multitude of inconueni- 
cnces to her Maieftie, & the whole Common weal tb.. 

Wherefore the Cornijh luftices of the peace, became 
humble fuiters to the Lords of her Highnes priuy Coun- 
cell, for a neceffary and fpeedy redreflc herein : and^ 
through the neuer fayling forwardnefle, and backing of 
. Sir Walter Raleghy obtayned a reuocation. Howbeit, 
this ill weed, rather cut off by the ground, then pluck- 
ed vp by the roote, once, yea twice or thrice grew forth 
againe, but yet, maugre the warmers and waterers, 
hath by her Maieflies gracious breath beene euer parch- 
ed vp, and (as is hoped) will neuer flioote out heere- 
after, at leail it (hall ilill iinde an vnited refinance, 
of moft earned fuit, and pregnant reafons, to beat it 
downe. 

The Earles had foure houfes, builded Caftle-wife for E*rUt 
their refidence, viz. ^rematon^ Launcejion^ ReJiormeU and ^'*-^'' 
Liskerd. But (ince the principality of Wales and this 
Duchy became united in one perfon, the larger fcope, 
and greater commaund of that, hath robbed this of his 
Lords prefence, & by confequence, the ftrength of thefe 
Caftles could not fo gard them, againft the battery of 
time, and negledt, but that, from faire buildings, they 
fell into foule reparations, and from foule reparations, 
are now funke into vtter ruine. 

King H. the 8. affecting his honour of Newelmy & re- Jnnmd 
fpedting the commodities, which fFallingforJCMe might ^'• 
afford it, tooke this laft by adt of Pari, from the Duchy, Scyorj '"^^ 
in lieu thereofi annexed certain mannors lying in C^r;!r.fa[lne ^e/^^ 

X4 to 



The Suruey of Cornwalh 

to the Crowne, through the Marques of Excefters at^ 
tainder : which Qucenc Marie afterwards reftored in 
tayle to his fonne, the Earle of Deuon, and vpon his 
iflueles deceafe.receiued them againe. 

It were againft duetie to make queftion, whether in 
this exchange, the kings meaning went with his pre- 
tence : and yet wee finde it an ordinary policy amongfl 
Princes^ to fend their fuccenburs, with a kinde of libera^ 
or honoraria kgatio, into the remoter quarters of their 
dominions, as if they would fliunne occafions of ieloufie, 
fpringing from an ouer-neere neighbourhood. 

Howfoeuer, the fame King, not long after, pafTed away 
this Caflle, vnto Chrifts CoUedge in Oxford, who vfe 
it as a place of retrayt, when the Vniueriitie is viiited 
with any contagious (icknes. 

I haue vndcrftood, that queflion is made amon^fl: men 

of knowledge, what is become of this Duchy. Some 

holding it altogether extind, for want of the kings iflue 

male : fome auerring^ that it is fufpended /Vi nubibus (as 

they fay) pro tempore : and fome fuppofing, that it con- 

tinueth in full power, and that her Maie(lie hath onely 

cu/iodiam ducatusy as of BKbopricks,^^^^ vacante. Penes 

ludicem lis Jit. Once, eucry SherifFe is fummoned to 

enter bis account in the Duchy Exchequer, at Loji-- 

mtbyely and from thence, referred ouer lo the Exchequer 

above. 

As a part Cornwall coopered as a part of the Realme, fbrteth 

oftbi her gouernment into two kindes i fpirituall, and tem-^ 

^''^'' porali 

Gouern^ Touching the fpirkisall : In ancient times this Shire 
«'f had his particular Biftiop : and I find, how in the yeerc,. 
*^'''""*- 90-. Forinofus the Pope fern a ftiarpe letter to Edward 

6 the 



Tie firfl Booh. 8i 

the fonne of Alfride, reproouing him, for fuffcring the 
Weft Saxons to be deftitute of Bifhops feuen yeeres to- 
gether. Whereon, by the aduice of his Councell, and 
Arch-bifhop Pleymund^ he ordayncd feuen bifhops in 
one day ; amongft whome Herjiane was coniecrated to 
Cornwall^ and Eadwolfe to Crediton^ which laft had three , 
towncs in Cornwall^ affigned him, to wit, Pantium^ Coel-: 
lingf and Landwhitton, that thence he might yeerely vifit 
the people, to root out (as mine author fay th) their er- 
rours : for before, as much as in them lay, they withftood 
the truth, and obeyed not the Apoftolike decrees. Where- 
on I ground two collections : the firft, that the light of the 
Gofpell tooke hot his originall (hining into thefe parts, 
J^rom ther Romifli Bi(hop : the other that the Cornijhf 
(like their coufins the /iTifJ^) could not bee foone or eafi- 
ly induced to acknowledge his iurifdidion. The Biihops 
lee was formerly at 5. Petrocks in Bodmyn ; but by rea- 
fon the Danes burned there his Church and palace, the gyg^ 
fame remooued to S. Germafies. After that, Lumigius, 
frdtn a Monkc of Winchefter, eledled Abbot o{Tau0oie, 1031. 
and from that Abbey, aduanced to the Bifhoprick of 
Creditune, by his grace with Canutus King of the Angles^ 
obtayned an annexion of Cornwall (lately fallen voyd) 
and fo made one Diocer of that and Deuon^ as it hath 
euer fince continued. This Bifhoprick had diuers faire 
houfes and large reuenues in, Cornwall: but one Feyzy, 
Biftiop of the dioces in King H. the 8. time, conieduring 
(as it is conceyued) that the Cathedrall Churches (hould 
not long ouer-liue the fupprefTed Monafteries, made ha- 
uock of thofe linings before-hand, fbme by long leafing^ 
and fome by fiat felling, fo as he left a poore remainder 
to his fucceffours* 

Y It 



Tie Suruey tf Cornwall. 

It we^ ibbi/t&ion to the MetropoHtane of Caoter- 

imty, and hatk one oneljr Archdeaconry,. which place is 

now fnppMed by mailer Thomas Sumafterp who adorneth 

the Gentilitjr of his bif th, wijth the honefVie of his li^e> 

and by both forts of feediDg» appfpueth h,iaifelfe a libc- 

raU and commendable paftpr. 

Fi€uluLn. Ceitaine Peculiars iliere ar.e, fome appe^-taining to xhe 

d^DUies of 4he Caiihedrall Chtirph at Exon^ to wit, S. 

Frobusj and S. Peran : and foaie to priuate perfons, as 

Burten and TempU. 

jnno For tehgious houfea, I read» that in the time of Pag^- 

mMHM mfmc, CuneHag builded a Tcqaple in Cornwall lo Apollo 9 

S ^7^* but where it ftbod I know :net. Sioce it made roome to 

Cbriitianity» my (not oii$r*$urioi^) enquiry hath learn*- 

ed jout the^ : 

Pxyories, at S»£r€rmaines^ &Qd»y^ Tywardreih. 
NunrieSy at.iS. Martine. . 
Ffyeries, lai Launt^ont J^ritrp^ 9^4vy9* 
.Cojledges, at Peryjif Crantdfii, Bpryen* 
Mo^tsAsy at Hdjcn. 

Of p»ri(bes, ;the (County b^^th a^i. ^s fSk^Qfit ,Gamden 
,BOtetb» and as oftbens hftuci^ fi^fwt 180. 

Dk)ubtks, $ht Hierjoreky pf piK jEnglifli rChpuch, if -^t 
MGxe kept &k >10 his.fkft An^tutipsQ^ might witjibi^ f^^r 
*jbeftt6r.effi:£ts»<tloire vp thc^r laaouthes^ who wouidvthruO: 
< vpcmws their 4i>ften v^^ryipg ^x^l^mc. Bvi;t albeit neither 
..our dme cao ^mtW 'Jbiiooke it^ opr (the fuqcee^iiiig )mouJ4 
dongiheld it i.^x it iflial not jiptiiHK:^ ^miiTe, to ^ook vpoo 
Hdib joiiginjdl .bcflufa^ therecf^^if (^at loaft) I be ^ble^to^rickp 
«tbe bms: trulyrut«.& doe not bl^Ih it with my pqn£l« 

Atithe plai>tinig.oftCiKi(^i«0 re^i^ipn^ iMopa^ies & 
cathedrall Churches were iikewife founde()> wh^p^ fcri^^^ 

for 



Tie fir ft Baoke. 82 

ftfr fded plots of the miniftery^ & fent them abroad in 
ycrciy progrcfleSi to labour the Lords vineyard. After- 
ward^^ about the time of our laft cooqueft, the country 
was forted by a more orderly maner into pari(hes, & euery 
parifli committed to a fpirituali father, called their Parfon» 
Who f^ept into that roome»not by election (as {omt ima^ 
gine) but moftly, by the nomination of him^ that eyther 
built the Church, or endowed the fame with (bme liuely- 
hood, or was L. of the foyle where it flood. As for Vi- 
carageSy thofe daies knew few, for they grew vp in more 
corrupt ages, by the religious houfea encrochments. Be* 
fides this Incumbent, euery parifii had certaine officers, as 
Churchwardi^ns^Sidemen^and 8. men, whofe duety bound* 
them to fee the buildings & ornaments appertaining to 
Gods feruice, decently malntayned, & good order there 
rieueithtly obfrriied. And left negligence, ignorance, or 
partiality, chi^t adnlit or foift;in abules, & corruption, 
anf Atcfadeacbn was afipohsted to take account of their 
doings by an y^rely vi(itation, & they there fworn duly 
to i\iake it. He &: they againe had their' Ordinary, the 
Bifliop, euery 3. yere to oaerlook their adions, &; to ex- 
amine, s^Qciw, 4c aklmit the minifters, as they and the Bi« 
(hop were femblably fubied to the Metropolitanes iuruey 
euery 7. yere. Fbf Wbnriri^ the' Clergy, & impiarting^their 
fuperiours dir^toDSi theCtlratstrhofeyerely their Deanes 
rural!. The Bilhop, in his catliedraU church, was aifo« 
ciated with t^tainre PrebeMiaries^ fotne resident, who feru» 
ed as hisghoftly<!:«unielfn points of his charge, Mothers 
not bpund tdoYdioary refid«nte, vi^ho were called to con-* 
fvlliitiOff, vpdiv thi Afgs of greateir cooiequence : & for oiat'^ * 
ttffs of pr indpal importanct;, the Archbiflidp had bis pro^ 
uincial Sinod^ & the whole clergy their milionaU 

Y 2 Now 



I'he Suruey of CornwalL 

Now then, if cucry one thus entruftcd, would remem- 
ber that he had a foule to faue or lofc, by the well or ill 
difcharging of fo waighty a fundion, and did according- 
ly from time to time beftowe his requifite endeauour, 
what the lead fault could efcape the efpiall of fo many 
eyes, or the righting amongft fo many hands ? But I 
haue thruft my fickle ouer-farre into anothers haruefl : 
let my miflaking be corrected, and in regard of my good 
meaning, pardoned. 
Temporal The Temporal gouernment of Cornwall^ Qiooteth out 
J^''*' alfo into two branches, Martial], and Ciuill. . 
Mmiall ^^^ martiall affaires, mafter Camden notelh out of Z?- 
hannef SarisburienfiSf that the Cornijh mefls valiancy pur- 
chafed them fuch reputation amongfl our anceftours, as 
they (together with thofc o£ Deuon and Wiltjhire) were 
wont to be entrufted, for the Subfidiary Cohort, or band 
of fupply. An honour equall to the Romanes Triarii, 
and the ihoot-anker of the battell. With which con- 
curreth the ancient, if not authenticall teftimooy of 
Michael Cornubienfisf who had good reafon to knowe the 
fame, being that Countryman, and n^ore to report it : his 
verfes, for which I haue alfo beene beholding to M . 
Camden, are thefe : 

R ex Ar Burns nos primos Comubienfes 
Bellum faBurus vocat, vt puta Cafaris enfes 
Nobis non a/ijs, reliquis, dat primitus iSium 
Per quern pax Usque, nobis Jit vfrumq; reliBum 
^idnos aeterret,jijirmiter in pedefiemus, 
, Traus ni nosfuperet, nihil ejl quod nonfuperemus. 

I will now fet downe the principall Commaunders & 
Officers, touching thefe martiall caufes^ together with 
the forces of the &tre. 

6 Lord 



Deputie 
Lieutenants 



,or any 3. 
'of them. 



The firfl Booh, 
Lord Lieutenant gerierall, Sif Walter Ralegh, 

Sir Frauncis Godolphin^ 
Sir Nicholas Parker y 
Sir Jleignald Mohurty 
Peter Edgecumby 
Bernard Greinuile, 
Chriftopher Harris^ 
\^Richard Carewy 

Colonell generally Sir Nicholas Parhr^ 

Marfhall, Bernard Greinuile. 

Treafiirer, ^hard Carets), 

Mafier of the Ordinance, Will Treffry. 

Colonell of the horfe, lohn ArundeU oiTrerife,. 

Sergeant maior, Humphrey Parch, 

Quarter Mafter, WiUiam Carnfew, 

Prouoft Marfhall, lohn Harris,. 

Scowt Mafter, Otwell HilL 

(Oshurne. ' 

Rftenhury, 
Sled. 

Ammunition Mafter, LeoTt, Blachlon» 
Trench Mafter, Cooke, 

Y 3 Regiments. 



83 



The Suruey of Cdfffwall. 



SirFra.GcdoL 
Sir ma. Btmil 
SsKRis.Mohtn 
Btr. Grtiuttih 
Bu Care*w 
Aniwj Roufe 
Cb* Treuamom 
miL Triffiy 
Sir Nie. Parker 
Ha. Viuiam 
jir. Harris 
Summa. 



C*mfmift, 


Nimhr, 


yfrm» pikts^ 


Mujkiti, 


CaUuiri* 


12. 


1200. 


470. 


490. 


240. 


6. 


670. 


225. 


315- 


130. 


6, 


606. 


200. 


210. 


190. 


lOi 


lODO. 


370; 


390. 


240. 


y.- 


500, 


170. 


.300. 


, . 30. 


^\ 


7po- . 


. 270- 


320. 


. 170- 


Sf 


coo. 


180. 


igo. 


. . ^30. 


4^ 


400. 


.. .«40: 


• ' i°- 


X30. 


2." 


200. 


60. 


80. 


60. 


. I- 


199'.. 


.... .4P' . 


4&. 


20i 


I. 


J 00. 


40. 


,. ^•. 


20. 


58. 


6030. 


2165. 


. \$2,S\ 


.,?330: 



Baj. 



ForFof. 

FcrPeode* 
nit* 

For S. ' 
For the 



This miy l^fUte ibr. a geii«?dl efKittat of tfat C^f^n^ 
foToesj which I b*ue gathered, psirtl/ ou( of odU* cctuBr* . 
cafe made to thiB Lords 1599. partly by inA>rmation 
from the Sargcant maior, & partly fhrb'ugh ftitrtt 6wn'e 
knowledge. Ttrerer a«^• ift^try mftre vnArrtted pfifc^S^ 
which I omit, as barftrfitfin^j a fupply vpoft neteffitie, 
then to bee cxpofed (forx3)^ftd) to anenftmie. . The- 
number as it ftandeth, much exceedeth the (liires pro- 
portion, if the fame^bc cortipared with Deuon and other 
Counties : which gfoWethj for that their neercneflc on 
all quarters to the^ enerhy,ahdtfe!t fiwtreilFe*.frdaT trmely 
fuccour bv tWvit fftertd^; haue forced the Commaun- 
ders, to call forth the vtttrmoft number of able hands^ 
to fight, and rather by perfwafion then authority, pro- 
cured them Vo effne thilAhSRBki^ b^btidi&W^ 
ability. Which commendable fn'dtuetir^ flftlK ikh^ I 
hope> ought not^ I am fure, turne them to the preiudice 

8 - of 



pf fiOky vftwopfftd ohArg« ^re^fcer. 

They arc <gU proui^^ of powder, Uullct, & inatch 
in .competeoit fort, .& O^der takea for 4!ur«i{hipg of vic- 
tuals, ^d mounting .a third |>art of the (hot (&t leaft) 
li^pon caufe of ler^uice. 

Lighjt horfesj th^^ Lords in iihcir dii;e{lioQS, eqipype Lighi^ 
for orders fake, and the lyieutenants .excufe it by infuf- ^^^-^'* 
£ciency. Hiil^to jneijihcr h^h the coo^maundement 
bin reuoked, nor the omiflion controlled* 

In the yoere i5!88. when the Spanifh flotinj; Babel Mtmiti^ 
pretended the conqueft of qur Hand (whiqh like lo/ua^s^^^^^ 
armie they compafled, byt vnlike him could not wl^h /mv^'- 
their blafting throats ouerthrow oqr walks) it pleafed 
her Maieftie of her proqi^cnt and gracious care, to fur- 
nish CormBolt with ordiQ/inoe ajjd munitjop, from hpr 
owne ftore, as followeth : 

2 Sacres f^^ ^^9"* '^P^ *°ft^^t?^ vp^n carriages 

1 MinfOBS }^^*^ wbcclcs, Aodde with ,lron, ancf fur- 

-2*Farilcon§ P^^ ^«^ ^jHc?, Spv^gcs, ^AdJR^. 

ilmers, w«jh ^1 ^hcr swFcffarics. 
Spitre .axeitrees, .iixe. 

iSpa/e paues.of wheelos Sh^ with Iron, .three. 
Sbot of Icon for the iayd pieces, pf eche i^rt, twenty, 
danon come powder fpr the ^id ordipjaoce, fixe hundred 

wayght. 
J'injs corne fowder, :thr4|e ^tbpuiaod fix hnndied wa^hf* 
Lead, three thoufknd fixe hundred wayght. 
?Match, three ithoufand pi^e.hupdr^ed w,ayght. 
. .All wbi^b, iaije the ordinance itielfe, -partly by piece;-* 
meale employment, and partly by ouerlong, or e\ul k?^* 
ioig, is iK)w.grC(WAe to jppHght^ or naught. 

Y4 After 



77)e Suruey of Cornwall. 

Card of . After the fudden furprize of Pen/ants, anno 1^95. by 
/ia-coafi.^ direftion from the Lords, order was taken, that vpon any 
alarum, the next Captains fhould forthwith put them- 
felues with their companies, into their afijgned fea- 
coaft townes, whom the ad ioyning land-forces were ap-. 
poynted to fecond and third, as the opportunity of their 
dwellings afFoorded beft occafion. 

The yeere following, by a new commaund, 4000. 

. were allotted out, and prouided in a readines to march 

hilptfw for the ayd of Deuon, if caufe fo required, as the Lord 

DiMn. Lieutenant of that County had the fame order, vpon like 

neceflitie, to fend an equall number into Cornwall. 

Laftly, anno 1599- when the Spanifli fleet was againe 
expefted, the Cornijh forces voluntarily affemblcd them- 
felues, and made head, at the entrance, m^iddle, and 
Weftpart of their fouth coafl. 

As for foldiers fent into other places, Or»w4//yeeldeth, 

vpon euery occafion, a proportionable fupply to the 

wants of Ireland ; neither is acquitted from performiqg 

the like feruice for Fraunce, if the employment be in 

Brittaine or Normandy. Which often ventings not- 

withftanding, vpon the inftance of Captaine Lower^ and 

the follicitation of his friends, there pafied ouer this laft 

FoluM^ yeere into Netherland, at one time, loo. voluntaries and 

tariis. vpwards, there to ferue under Sir Frauncis Fere. And 

beiides, they often make out men of warr^ againft the 

Spaniards. 

rmi. Ports and Caftles there are ; fome, olde and worhc 

out of date; and fome in prefent vfe, with allowance 

ofgarrifon. 

OU0. Amongft the firft fort, I reckon thefe, appertayning 

to 



Tie firfl Bd^Jh. 85 

to the t)ochy> as alfb Tktogfly ftad dioen toofid hb]d« 
on the tops of hils; fome fingle, fome dotible^ and trefaie 
trenqhed, which arc termed, CafiellaH Denis, or Danis, ' 
as rayfed by the DaDcSj whtin they were deftyned to be- 
come our fcourge. 

Moreouer, in this ranke wee may mufter the earthen Bulwarks. 
Bulwarks, call vp in -diuers places on the South coaft, 
where any commodity of landing feemeth to iduite the 
enemie^ which (I gcfle) tooke their originall from the 
ilatute 4. H. 8. and are eoer (ithence daely repayred, 
as need requireth, by order to the Captaynes of tfaofe 
limits. 

Of the later fort, is a fort at Silley, called Garifius. 

reduced to a more defenfible plight, by her Maieflies^i//^. 
order, and gcuerncd by the fDreremembred Sir Frauncis 
Godolphin, who with his inuention and parfe^ bettered 
his plot and allowance, and therein bath fo tempered 
firength with delight, and both with vfe, as it feruedi 
for a fure hold, and a commodioos dwelling. 

The reft are S. Michaels mount, Pendenis f«t, and S. 
Mawes Caille, of which I (hall haue occafion to fpeake 
more particularly in my fecond booke. 

Of Beacons, through the neernelTe to the fea, and the Bhuws. 
aduantage of the hilly fituations, welneere euery pariih 
is charged with one, which are vfzichLt^^fecundum "ofum^ 
but (fo farre as I can fee) not greatly adpropofitum : for 
the Lords better digefted inflrudtions, haue reduced the 
Countrey, by other meanes, to a like ready, and much 
leiTe confufed way of affembling, vpon any caufe of 
feruice. 

For carrying of fuch aduertifements and letters, euery p^jf,. 
thorow-^fare weekly appoynteth a foot-Poaft, to giue 

Z his 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall* 

his faourely attcDdance^ whofe difpatch is welneere at 
I * fpeedy as the horfes. 

fThe laft branch of my diuifion, and fo of this book» 
amllg9- leadeth me to entreat of Cornwall ciuill government, as it 

uiramiMt. paffeth for a part of the Realme ; and that may againe be 
fubdiuided into iurifdi£tion particular, and general. The 
particular iurifdidtion is exercifed by Conftables, Stewards 
of Courts Barons, and Leets, Franchifes, Hundreds, & 
Portreeues, & Maiors ; of boroughs & corporations of 
the Stannaries, we haue fpoken already. The general!, 
by the Clarke of the market. Coroners, Vice-admiral, 
Sherife, luftices of the peace, & ludges of aiHze. 

C9»fiaHiu Conftables of the hundreds the (hire hath none, but 
this office for giuing of warnings, & coUe&ion of rates, 
is fupplyed by the deputy BayUfs, who performe it not 
with that diicretion, truft, fecrecy, & /peed, which were 
often requifite to the importance of the affaires. I haue 
knowne the ludges moued diuers times, for their opinion 
touching the erecting of fome, & found them of feueral 
refolutioas, which giueth little encouragement to an in- 
nouation. Neither can the pari(h Conftables well brookc 
the fame, becaufe it fubmitteth them to a fubalterne 
commaund, more then of cuftome ; whereas now in 
their pariflies they are abfolute, the lead y^hereof hath 
one, the middle fized 2. the bigger 3. or 4.. I would not 
wi(h the blaze of their authority blemiflied, if there were 
as much care vfed in choyce of the perfbns, as the credit 
of their place deferueth. Wife direAion without diligent 
execution, proueth fruitles. Now, as the former is deriued 
from her Maicfty to the Lords, & from the Lords to the 
luftices i fo this later lieth in the hands of the Conftables. 
Watches and fcarchcs oftentimes carry waighty confe- 

qucnce, 
g 



Tie firfl Booke. 86 

quence, and mifcary in the managing : and it was feene 
in the laft Cornijh rebellion^ how the Conftables com* 
maund & example, drew many of the not worfl: meaning 
people, into that extremeft breach of duty. 

FranchifeSj Cornwall h^th the Duchy, Rialton^ Clifton^ FramKfis. 
Minhinetj Pawtoriy Caruantorif fltoke Cliuijland^ Medlandy 
and Kellylond, which haue their Baylifs as the Hundreds, Bi^Ufi. 
to attend the pviblike feruices. 

Hundreds there are but 9. Eaft^ Weft^ ^^Ig^ Lefnewith^ HMdnds. 
Strattorij Powder, Ptder, Kerier, & Penwith, which con- 
taine tithings : by thefe the (hire is deuided into li** 
mits, & all his rates proportioned as foUoweth : 

Diuifions. 



AEaJlH.^ \V!fJ^s.„s W^^^-w J^ 



Eaft^ frTa^r^^.l UfnewitbHM nT^^rVW.^ f^-^^ 



In all rates^ the Eaft & South limits beare 3, parts in 5. Pnpmim 
to the North and Weft. So in the Eafterne, dooth Baft '« ^^''* 
Hundred to that of Weft : in the Southerne, Powder to 
Pider : and in the Wefterne, Kerier to Penwith. In the 
Northern, Tr/jf beareth 5. Lefnewith fx^Sfratton 4. apiece. 
There is the like proportion made of the parifties in the 
Eafterne diuiiion, but with little fatisfadion of diuers : 
neither will it euer fare otherwife, & therefore (this not- 
withftanding) I wifti it fpllowed in the refidue. 

The conuenienteft & vfual places of aftemblv for the pUetM tf 
whole County, is Bodmyn : for the Eaft and Nortn, LaUn* ^Jfimbiy. 
cejlon : for the South and Weft, Truro : for th« Eaft, 
Liskerd: for the North, G2/Wf^r^/: for the South, S. 
Colombs: for the Weft, Helfton. 

Za For 



ii9MS, 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

For the Handreds of Eaft, Kellington : of Weft, Lan^ 

rtath : of Trig^ Boimyn : of Lefnewith^ Camelford: of 

StrattoHf that lownc: oi Powder^ Grampond: of Pider^ 

S. Columbs : of KerieTf Helfton: of Pettmthy Pinfants. 

Baft H. hath parifhes 30. corporations z. 

Weft H. parifhes 19. corporations z. 

Trig 

Lefnewitk 

Stratton 

Powder 

Pider 

Kerier 

Penwith 
Corp9ra- Corporations are priuiledged with the adminiftration 

of iuftice> withia tbeir libertieSj more or leflc, according 

to the purport of tbeir Charter. 

Such arcL Saltajh^ Launcefton^ Liskerd% Eaftloo^ Wefiho^ 

Bodmyfty Camelford^ Lojlwithieh Pad/iowe^ Grampondp 

Truroj Heljhn^ Pertn. 

The Maiors and Recorders, in fome of tbeic, are Idf^ 
tices of the peace, for tbeir owne limits, and wehieere a!^ 
of them hauc hrge exemptions and iurifdidSon^. A gar** 
meiit (in diuers mens opinions) ouer-rich and wide, for 
many of their wcarifli and ill-difpofbd bodies. They 
alleadge for themfelucs, that fjaiecdy infltce is adminif-r 
tred in their townes, and that it faueth great' expences^ 
incident to affize trials, which poor Artificers cannot' 
vndergoc. But the other anfwcre, that thefe trials are 
often poafted on, with more hafte dien good fpeed, while 
an ignorant fellow, of a fowter, becomes a magiftratOt. 
&; takes vpon him peremptory indgement, in debts and 
controuerfies, great and doubtful). Againe, die neer*- 
7 nefXb 



Tie firfi Booke. 87 

flcfle of commencing their fuits, draweth on more exs 
pences, then the fliortncs of tryals cutteth off, whereas 
longer rcfpite would make way to deliberation, and dc* 
liberation open the doorc to reafon, which by the fumes 
arifing from cholers boyling heat, is much obfcured. 
Thus dooth the opportunity inure them to vexation ; 
vexation begettcth charges, and charge hatcheth poucr- 
ty: which pouerty, accompanied with idlenes (for they 
cannot follow law, and worke) feeketh not to releeue it 
fdfe by induftry, but by fubtilty, wherethrough tliey 
become altogether depraued in body, goods, and minde* 
Adde hereunto that the Maior exercifing his office but 
during ond yeere, fbr the firft halfe ther<iof is common- 
ly to Icarne what he ought to doe^ & in the other halfc^ 
feeling his atiihoritic to wane, maketh friends of that. 
Mammoni & fenteth others turnes, to be requited with 
the like, borrowing from iuilice, what hee may lend to 
his purffe, of complicet : for as it hath bene well fayd^ 
He cannot hng he goody that knowes not why he is good. 
They conclude^ how from thefc imperftft aflbciations^ 
fhererfpring^ptide amongft themfelcies, difdayhe at their 
neighbours, and Monopolies againft the Common^ 
wealth. 

This inae6Hdc is fomewhat deeply ftceped in gall, & 
muft therefore bee interpreted, not of all, but the worft;. 
Surely, fbr mine owne part, I am of opinion, that how 
commodious fbeuer this iurifdiftion may proue arhongft 
themfelues, it falleth out fundry times very distaftefuU 
and iniuriods towards ftrangers 5 and ftrangers they rec- 
kon all that are not Burgefles. Now, let fuch a one bee 
arretted within their corporations, no fureiies but townf- 
men can finde acceptance, be his behauiour neuef fo ho- 

Z 3 neft„ 



^be Suruey of Cormoatt. 

jiefty his caufe neuer To iuft, his calling Aeuer {o regard- 
full, & his ability neucr fo fafficient ; yet if he haue none 
acquaintance in the towne, if the adion brought, carry 
a (hew of waight, if the bringer be a man of fway, in, 
or neere the towne, if any other townfman of the higher 
fort beare him an old grudge, h? muft be contented to 
fret the colde yrons with his legges, and his heart with 
griefe : for what one, amongd: them, will procure an 
cuerlafting enemy at his doore, by becomming furety fot 
a party, in whom he pofTefTeth none, or little intereft ? 
The ancients vfed to grace their Cities with feuerall titles, 
as Numantia belUcofa^ T.'heba fuperba^ Corinthus ornata^ 
Athena doSla^ Hierufalem JanBa^ Carthago emulat &c. and 
the prefent Italians doe the like touching theirs, as Roma 
fanta^ Venetia ricca^ Florenza beUa^ Napoli gentile ^F err ard 
ciuile^ Bologna grajfa^ Rauenna antiqua, &c. In an imita- 
tion whereof, &>meof the idle difpofed C^r^^^.men nicke 
their townes with by-words, as. The good fellowibip of 
Padjloivef Pride of Truro, Gallants of jRw, &c. 
ciarkiof The Clarke of the markets office, hatn beene hereto- 
tbt market, fo,.^ (^ abufcd by his deputies, to their priuate gaine, that 
the fame is tainted with a kinde of difcredit, which not- 
with/landing, being rightly & duly executed, would 
worke a reformation of many diforders, and a great good 
to the Common-wealth. 
Coromrs. Foure CoroncfS, chofen by the voyccs of the free* 
holders, do feruc the (hire, who for the prefent arc, Blighp 
Tub, Trenance, and Bajiard. 
Vice^mi- The Vicc-admiralty is cxcrcifed by M. Charles Tr^-^ 
rail* uanion, a Gentleman, through his vertue, as free from 
greedinefTe, as through his faire liuelyhood, farre from 
needineiTe : and by daily experience giuing proofe, that 

a minde 



The Jirfi Booh. 88 

t minde valewing his reputation at the due price, will 
eafily repute all difhoneft gaine much inferiour there- 
unto, & that in.conuerfing with .the worft fort of. people 
(which his office oftentimes enforceth) he can no .more 
be difgraced, then the Sunne beames by (hining vpon a 
dunghill will be blemifhed. 

I haue here fet downe the names of thofe Commif« ujiicu. 
fioners for the peace, who at this prefent make their or- 
dinary refidence in Corn, as they ftand placed in the Com- 
miflion, where the priority is mofUy deferred to antiquity. 



QJFra. Godolphin M. i . 
Q^ic. Parker M. 2. 

Q^ona* Trclawney M, 3. 
Qj^cg. Mohun M. 4. 

Q^J^. Petrus Edgecomb 5 . 
Q^Ric. Carew de Anth. 6, 
Q^Bcrn. Greinuile 7. 

(^Antonius Rowfe 8. 

Petrus Courtney 9. 

Q^ho. Chiuerton 10. 

Q^Chrift. Harris 11. 

lo. Arund. de Trerifc 12. 
Th. Arun. de Taluernc 13 
Qj^Nic. Prideaux 14. 

QJ^annibal Viuian 1 5 . 



Carolus Treuanion 
Thomas S. Aubia 
QJlob. Moyle 
Q^Ed. Hancock. 
Triftramus Arfcot. 
Thomas Lower 
W. TrefFrydeFowey 
Johannes Hender 
QJVilli. Wray. 
Georgius Kekiwicbe 
Q;jArth. Harris 
lo. Harris de Lanfre. 
Q^Degor. Chamons 
Johannes Trefufis 
Otwcl HilL 



]6« ZiJJkns. 

18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 

23- 
24. 

25. 
26. 

27. 

28. 
29. 



Their ordinary ufe was, to begin the quarter Sef- 
fions for the Eaft halfe of the Shire, on the Tucfdayes 
and Wednefdayes» at Bodmyn, and to adiourne the 

Z 4 fame 



The Suruey of CtrnwalL 

lame for the Weft halfe, to bie ended at ^ruro thf Fri* 
day and Saterday foUowtng, ljeaQi«g oo^ daye( fp^e for 
riding betweene. But about twenty yeres fithencc, the 
Eafterne luftices oaakiog the greateft number^ and in 
this feparation haviog far theft to ridC) when they w^re 
difpofed to attend both places, either in regard of their 
eafe» or vpon fcruple of confcience, or for both togejth^r, 
called into queftion, whether this cuftome wore as war-* 
ran table by right, as it was pleadable by prescription ; 
and whether it as much aduanced the adminiftrat^ pf 
iuftice, as iteafed the trauell of the people. And there- 
upon they began to appoynt the intire Seffions at either 
place one after another. This was fometimes perform- 
cdt and fometimes broken, by the Wefterne luftices^ (q 
as feuerall and contrary precepts of fummons were di- 
reded to the Sheriffe, with the great vncertaynty, ill 
example, and trouble of the Couiitrey. It hapned, 
that one newly aflbciated, and not yet feafoned with ei- 
ther humour, made this motion for a reconcilement, viz* 
that the Seffions (hould enterchangeably one quarto: be-* 
gin at Bodtr^fif and end at 7ruro : and the next hegia 
at Trur0f and end a( Bodmyn 5 and that no recognifanco 
fliQuld be difcharged, or caufe decided out of his ownc 
diuifion. This propcfition, as it gaue the Wefterne 
luftices the greateft part of their will, fo it falued a forQ 
which chiefly gricucd the Eafterne : for before, what 
was done in the beginning at one place, was, or might be 
vndoone in the ending at the other : wherefore all parties 
willingly condifcended hereunto, and it hath euer iithence* 
beene accordingly obferucd. 

Another variance hath fometinMS fallen out be-* 
tweene Cornwall and Deuon, about the time of keeping' 

their 



The fii'Jl Booke. ^ 89 

thiBtr Sdnons* '^ot whereas' t^ Statute 2. fj. 5. eoftftedip 
tibat tlie lufUcea (hall hold the fame in the firft wedke 
zftcjc S. Michaeff .the Epiphanie, the d^crfe fX Ea/kr^ and 
the tranijation of S. Thomas (which, worthily blotted <n;it 
qS the -Calender, Tejie Nenvbrigerffi^ is eaer the feiienth. 
of July) and their oath bindetn them to a ilriekt obfer-* 
uation her^f ; the queftion bath growne, when tbofe 
feftiuall dayes fall vpon a Munday, whether the Seffion^ 
{hall be proclaimed for that weeke, or the next, and l)ie 
generall praiflife hath gone with the former. But the 
CMtnifh luftices^ waying, that prefcription is no Super-^ 
iedeas for fwearbg, vpon debating of the matter, haiM 
reiblue4# and lately accuftomed, in fuch cafes, to put it 
ouer voto the weeke enfuing : and thefe are their reaibns : 
if the SeHicos muft bee kept in the firft weeke after, it 
cannot adrnit ah interpretation of the fame weeke it felfe. 
^ainc, 4he claufe oif Eqjler^ meocipneti in the one, 
(hould feeo^e to make ^ conftruftlon of Uke meaning in 
the reft, fiefides, thofe, who faite themfclues to < the 
orher faflxion, doe yet fwarue therefrom, if thofe feaftes 
fall vpon »y later day in the weeke then Munday ; for 
then ch^. deferre it till the next : and yet, feeing no day 
certain is dircdted for beginning theScffions; if they 
will cpnfUotly binde themfclues. to the former fenfet 
wJien thofe dayes fall on the Friday, they ought to call 
jtforitkctiiorrpw following. The ludges Qf the circuits 
Oracle, to which the Commiflion of the peace refer- 
,fc^ the lufliceiB S^^ares, hath reiblued, that ncyther 
]a£ thefe waycs tendeth to any breach of the lawe. 
Once fure it is, that the Tcrme-fuiters may beft 
^ed their bufincflc, by fupporting the former: for 
tbf end of thefe Seflions deliuereth them fpacc inough 

A a to 



Tzi 



^G$ 






TbtjcS^ItE^ 


i',li«Jli.5.HBIhrr. 


=.^f 


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y, — ■* 




1.25^ I wMJir 


i*-ai.-j- 


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!.«.« VdbMu 


S.CT.J 


&Jfic^BB. 


tii.3 Gcr«^ 




CiSiagm. 


4-7-83 S. *'/■■ 


5^t-x 


S.ErfT. 


3. £ i^ S. MmJrtrw 




S-Lsiaa. 


s.:tj&S.TM)>Mwl 


k *^* 


MoraedL 


c.r-j6 S.Pda. 


3JI^ 


S^Silua. 


X.12.5 KsenMh. 


^1±^ 


S.SaaoL 


1.14^ S, Wiaaer. 


5«ua 


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3^^ S. PairL . 


6.X7.D 


&ScMBjr. 


2.1 I.I Wdaek. 
5n.Si.S.6. 

Bwid, de Kerier. 


3r5J> 


W4rtr*#^/ 


2^^ S.Mdor. 


24JO 


fy. Mitiiyn, 


0.18.8 S.6mck. 


2.3.0 


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2.2.10 S.Cnde. 


1.4.6 


ttrtitinuiyn* 


3*64 Wjmeaaion. 


O.14.S 


4 




S, Mawnan^ 



6. Mawnan. 
S« Stidian. 
ArwQthel. 
S« X/andy. 
S. Mawgan.. 
rS^ Rumon. iluu 
S. Antony. ' 
-Corcntun. 
IViiniler. 
S. BUdodk. ai4^ 
Bargus de Perm. 



I.8.0 S. Melan. 2.18.4 

2.19.4 S. Keyran, 6.8.0 

1.4*9 S.'N^f'ynwolny. ^-i^M 

l.i 04 . S, Ri^mon. pari^a.' 0.7.): 

.l.i6wo Crcjv'enne. i.o.ip 

t.a o S. $i(hae. 2^o«o 

9»8»p 5. E Wynne. <l'i5«4 

o. » 5.0 3u^g. de iiclftpiv .4.-6fi 

1,4^ Germock. p^ib.^ 

. 2*9*0 5. Wendron. , 3r?.?«P 

a^o^.. . •' - 

Amv. 53*18^5. . • . » 



91 



Tywardreth. 

AcgjftUas. 

^org. de Fowy. 

Roohc. 

Kenvien. 

CKkfros. 

MMieriumde' 
j>cft.Kneth 1 
]t4ftonneI. 
S. A^fUe. 
Mewan» 



ndei 
h&{ 

I. * 



i*J£4>4 PrKcby. jiaij 

2.^7 £glo^erther. . Q*^;9 

.«.J9.© l4»Ru«reck. i.Jvap 

i.t$.& (^irogittb. o*i4:4 

ji.o'.<} Fowy extra.. i^'.^ 

8< Sampfon... »«i5.«? 

0.1 d.4 &. Stephen;; 3^.3 

^erend. 9xi<9 

6.14.1'i FAOok. , I'PO-q 

1.12.0 BmigvdeLoftwr.. 9.n2i4 

A a 3 Caiyhayes. 



7U Suru^ if CmmalU 




Caryhaycs. O.11.6 Laurocen.. 


0.17.0 


S. Denis. 1.16.6 Ladock. 


2.14.0 


Penkeuel. ' 0.11.8 Lanhorn. 


1. 14.8 


S. Anthonie. 0.12.2 S. Ewe. 


1.8.3 


Burg, de Mia. 0.5.6 Manerium deY 




S. Goran. i.r6.6 Towingtonlni 


I. 19.0 


Burg, de Grand. 0.14.6 P. 5. Auftle. ) 




Burg, de Truru. 12.1.10 S. Crede. 


2.1.0 


S. Ermet8. 1.14.O S. luft. 


X.I^.O 


Landege. 2.7.0 Burg, de Trfegony. 


I-I5-3 


LafulUan. 1.10.6 $. Probus. 


' 5.6.0 


S. Aleyn. 3.4.6 Caleodry. 


1.0.8 



• Hund* de Fider^ 



Lanludrock. 0.17.8 

S. Peran. 2.^.8 

S.Caranto. 2.13.0 

S.Vud. • 1.10.0 

5. Agnes. • 1.6. 10 

6. Petrock ma. ^4.10 
is. Cblumb ma.' -5.13.0 
8. ' Cohimb nai. • 4. 11 .0 
Burg, de Meddi. OiS.o 
Oldftowe. • 1.9.0 
LaSifaeme. -3.0.0 
SiWennc n8.o 



S. Srmets; 
$. Euoder. 
S. Petrock mi. 
Laneuet. 
S. Ede. 
8. Snick. 
Newiyn. 
Maruy. 
Witbiel. 
S. Colan. 
Cutbbert. 



2.2.6 

3^0.0 

o«6.4 

x.io.o 

I.I2.0 

2,7.0 

3'«7-4 
2.1.0 
x.6.8 

. J. 4.6 

2>0.0 

Uund. 



f 



J^Jirfl Booh. 



9* 



HumL de Trigge* 



T«th. 


2.9.6 Egloshail. 


2-.3.8 


Minoer. 


1.^5.0 Bliflon. 


1. 17.2 


P. Bodmyn ext. 


1,16.0 Temple, 


0.5.0 


Brae rode. 


1. 1 9.5 S. Laud. 


1.6.0 


Bar., de Bodmyn. 


20.P.0 Ma. de. Pinnayn. 


0.4.10 


Miabco. 


1.10.9 S. Tweir. 


1.16.8 


S. Eodclian.. 


x.8.0 Hellond. 


o.io.o 



Hund, de Lefnemtbi 



Cleder. 


1.16.8 Bur. de Caftle 


1 &;7.o 


S. Warburg. 


1.184 Boterel. 


S; luUet. 


0.14.8 Oterham. 


0.19.0 


Bur. de Tintagte. 


0.13.2 Lanteglos. 


1*10.0 


Podiftok. 


4.5;2 S. Genis. 


1.14.2 


Mihdftowe. 


0; 1 9.10 Lefbewith.. 


1.8.0 


Bo. de Camelforth. 


0^9.0 Maner. de Tintagle. x.yio 


Altemoo. 


1. 1 8.6 Minfter. 


1.4.6 


Daoid. 


2.6.8 Trepeglos. 


.1.6^ 


T^reualga. 


1. 0.0 AthASvym 


t»o.9 



Aa4 



Hund, 



Tie SiOm^ i^V(MWvalL 



Hwtd, de:^i 



Kilkhamlond. 

lacobftow. 

Pogl^wil. 

LauDcels. 

Oaerwynchurch. 

Wbitfton. 



«?«^. 



3.44 Bridgerule. 
1. 16.4 Moriflow. 
0.19.0 Boy ton. ^ 

1.8.0 Stratton. 

2.0J0 Wyke. 



0.12.6 

1.9.0 
2.19.6 
i.15.0 



1. 13.0 Bur. de Ktlkhflmp. - 1.0.2 



Hund. de Weflwibilsber, 



Niot. 


2.7.6 Lanteglos. 


5.0.0 


Cardinham. 


1. 18.0 Burg, de Liskerd. 


6.14.0 


JMoroal. 


1.17^ iR.«prma. 


. o.8.« 


S. Clere. 


2,1.7 Wyanock. 


^.*OvO 


Ttflatn. 


t.r2.o Btrg.de Loo. 


«».X.C3tid 


Laftfalwys. 


1.9.0 l.atniythe«r. 


.1.^.6 


V<J)c. 


i.'9r2 VilUde. 


1.15,0 


Mrner. de LiskeM. 


' I ; 1 5^0 $. M<irty n de Loa» 


l^t^iO. 


Dttfe. • 


•iti8 6«(«hcck. ■ 


.Q118.0 


^aHegan. 


i;2volCiyn. 


.o:8«4 


ttbftiul. 


£.7;© ^yunock. 


01.19.0 


UhlkttA. 


t.iax 





Hund. 



77fe firfi Booh, 



93 



Hund. de Eqflwibilsbere, 



Antony. 
Lawlutfbn. 


t 


I.II.O 

1.3.0 


Southil. 




0.18.0 


Pidcrwyn# 

Landilp. 

Cloke. 


' 


2.3.0 

0.17.6 

2.9.0 


Minhinet. 




4.6.0 


Egloskery. 
S. Gcrmyns. 
Bar. de Downuet. 


2.5.0 
6.10.0 

2.16.8 


Lafant. 




1. 18.0 


S. lohns. 




1.6.10 


5. Stephens 
Lancefton. 


"} 


4.16.0 


Quedock. 
Northil. 




117.0 
1. 1 2.0 



Manerium de7 

Trcmcton. 3 

Linkinhorne. 

Seuiock. 

Calftock. 

S. Melan. 

Rame. 

S. lue. 

S. Dominick. 

Lawanneck. 

Laurake. 

Burg, de Afh. 

Pillaton. 

Boskenna* 

Meer. 



2.15.4 

2. CO 
1.4.0 

3.6.0 
1.6.0 

I.II.O 

1.19.0 
1.4.0 

I.IO.O 

1. 19.0 

2.0.8 

0.15.4 

0,9.0 

0.15.0 



Sum. tot. 15. Gf 10. w Cornub. 479.03* 



Bj> 



Mi. 



Tie Suru^ 9f C^moU* 

Md. pojiea fequuntur deduHiones & allocat. de eifdemfum, 
appun^uat. ptr ^dmmd, Spifi. Exoh, & Thorn, Bodui' 
gat tunc vn, milit. prad. Com. in Anno 24. H, 6. vt 
pt, p. particulariter^ 

Trigge, 



Parochiadel 


^ ^ ^ Aldehaa. 


0.15.0 


Mentfride. J 


Mobeo. 


,0.15.0 


NeHand. 


0.15.0 Egloihail. 


I.IO.(]| 


BUfg. de Bodmyn. 


6.0.0 Temple. 


0.3.0. 


5. Tudy. 


6.9.0 S; Broer. 


0.15.0 


Tethc. 


I.IO.O 




* 


Sum, 13. 12. 0. 


- 


Hund. tk Lefnowitk . 




Ciedcr. 


0.12.0 Oterham. 


0.15.0 


Burg, de Botrifcaft. 


0.6.0 Aduen. 


0.6.0 


PoDdifloke. 


2.0.0 Warburg. 


O.IO^O 


Mynftcr, 


0.12.0 Lefnowitb. 


0*]2.0 


Bu. de Cainelforth. 


0.6.0 Treueglos. 


0.18.0 


S. Gennys. 


0.15.0 Alternon. 


O.IO.O 


S. Dauid. 


o.ip.o 
iSttm. 8. 12. 0. 





Hund, 



Tkfrft Bppie. 



94 



Moreftowe. 

Laaoels. 
Boyton. 
KHkampton. 



Calftok. 
Lawanneck. 
S. lohns. 
$. lues. 
Minhinet. 
Maneriom de 
Tremeton. 
^lirj^iis de 7 
I^owoeued. j 
$. Melan. 



! 



ffufuf. de Strattm. 

l.io.o Bargus de 7 
9A%Jo Kilkampton.^ ^ 
o.io.o Merwinchurch. 

i«o^ Idcdl^ow* 

Sum. 74 12. •• 
Hund.de Eafl. 

i.i.o Quethiock* 
o.j^.a S. Ppmincck* 
i£<>*<^ rcdcrwyn. 
^•o.o ^* Cermyns* 

\; Ahtpny, 
'•^•'^ £awhitton. 
^ ^ S. Stephens, 
tiaurake. 
I.0.6 Cgloskery. 



i.o.cP 



0.9.0 

0.X5.0 
0.15.5 
0.10.0 



0.15.0 

0.I2.0 

Q.IO.O 
0.8.Q 

4.io.d 
o.i^.o 

O.I^.O 

2.P.O 

O^IO.io 

0:15.0 



Sumi ii[ u o. 



Bb2 



Bundi 



7ii Suruey of Cormoall, 
Bund, Je Weft. 



Burgus de7 
Liskcrd. •>. . 


, ^ Lanrethovir. 
.5. Vcpc. 


O.IO.O 
• O.IO.O 


S. Qeer. 


0.I0.6 Mancrium? 
O.IO.O deliiskerdJ . 




Moroal. 


0.12.0 


Tallaod. 


o.io.o §..Pynnock. 


. p. 1 0.0 


ParifhofLiskerd. 


0.18.0 Nyoti-.- 


O.IO.O 


Lanteglos. 


i.ro;.©- 






Sum.y, 10. 0. 





Hund, de Pemoitb. 



Luduan. 


0.9.0 S. Sencrede. 


0.15.0 


Camborn. 


1.0.0 S. Felix. 


■ 0.6.0 


S. Senan. 


0.13.0 S. Selenan. , 


O.IO.O 


S. Gothian. 


O.IO.O Si Michaels. - 


O.IO.O 


S. luft. 


O.IO.O S. Pawl* ' r ■ 


1.6.0 


S. Vcryn. 


2.0.0 S. Thebut. 


1.0.0 


S. Wynncr. 


O.IO.O S. Grey. 
Sum. 10. 2. 0. 


0.9.0 



iUtnd* 



Ttfe frfi Booh* 



95 



Hund, de Kerkr, 



S. Wcncp. 


o.io.o S. Conftantyn. 


0.9.0 


Mawnan. - 


o.6,o Crade. 


0.1 0.0 


Burg; dc Hclfton; 


i.io.o Wynampton. 


0^.0 


Melan. 


o.io.o Stedlan. 


6,9.0 


Arwothel. 


o-io.o Ewyn. 


6.10.0 


Minffcr, 


•0.6.0 

Sum. 5* 1 6. 0. 





Hund, de Powder, 



,d.| 



Argallas. 

Kcby. 

Burgus 

Truru 

Roche. 

Moresk. 

S Goran. 

S. Allen. 

Illcrky. 



10.0.0 



ide .7 

thiel. J 



O.I 0.0 Lamorek. 
0.9*0 S. Sampibns. 
S, Gereus. 
Burgus ( 
0.18.0 Loftwithiel. 
O.I 0.0 Lamhorn. 
0.9.0 Tywardrcth. 
0.5.0 S. Stephens. 
0.1 0.0 Eglofros. 

Sum. 19. ij. Q. 



0.1 0.0 
0.1 0.0 
0.1 0.0 

8.0.0 

a.6.0 
o.io.o 
o.io.o 
o.io.o 



Bb3 



HufiJ. 



Ithe jSumey of Cormoall. 



Hund. de Pider. 



liu^idrok. 


c.|i.p S. pp(rock 


minor. 


0.640 


S. Pyran. 


0.15.0 S.P^trocki 


maior. 


ai04> 


S. Newlyn. 


i.io.o S. Breock. 




0.15.0 


S. Colan. 


0.10.0 WUhicl. 




0.5*0 


Lambern. 


0.10.0 Carnenton. 




o.io.a 


S. Edy. 


0.12.0 Vwcl. 




O.IO.^ 


S. Enoder. 


0.15.0 







Sum, tot, deduBms, j$.& 10. 113. i. 6. 




THE 




96 




THE SVRVEY OF 

CORNWALL. 

Tie fecond Booh. 

[N this fecond booke I will firfl report^ 
what I haue learned of Cornwall^ and, 
Cormjbmen in general, and from thence 
defcend'to the particular places and per^ 
fonsy as their aote-worthie lite, or any 
memorable adtion, or accident, of the 
former or later ages, fhall offer occaflon« 

The higheft which my fcarch can reach vnto, I bor- Cm'mjk^ 
row out of Strahd^ who wrifeth, that the Weftcrne Bre- *'« '• 
tons gaue ayde vnto the Armorici of Fraunce^- againft ^^^^' 
Ceefar^ which hee pretended for one of the caufes, why 
he inuaded this Hand. 

Next I find, that about fixtie yecrcs from the landing j^^^^^^ 
of Hengift^ one Nazaieod^ a mightie King amongft the coo. 
Bretons, ioyned battcll with Certicus^ Soueraigne of the 
Weft-Saxons, and after long fight, with his owne death 
accompanied the ouerthrow of his armie. Yet, the Bre- ^ i^^ 
tons, thus abandoned by fortune, would not fo forfake 
themfelues, but with renued courage, and forces, coped 
once againe with Certicus^ and his fonne Kenrici, at 

B b 4 Qrticesfordf 



590- 



688. 



720. 



750- 



2og, 



937- 



Limits. 



Trituti, 



The Suruey of Corttwall. 

Cirticesfordt thogh equally dcftitutc of fuccefle as before^ 

Gurmundf an arch Pirate of the Norwegians, was called 
by the Saxons^ out of his late conquered Ireland, to their 
aide, againft Careticus king of the Bretons ; whom he 
ouercame in battel, and inforced his fubiedls to feeke 
fafegard by flight, foaie in IVales, fome in Cornwall, and 
fome in little Breteigne : fince which time, they could 
neaer fecouer againe their auncient poflefCon of the 
whole Hand. 

Howbeit, not long after, luor, fonne to Alane, king of 
the faid little Breteigne, landed in the Weft parts, wanne 
from the Saxons, Cornwall, Deuon, & Somerfet (hires, by 
force of armes, and then eftabliftied his conqueft, by a 
peaceable compofition with his aduerfe partie. 

Adelred, king of Wcft-fcx, inuaded Deuon and Corn-^ 
wall, whom Roderick, king of the Bretons, and Bkderick 
Prince of thofe prouinces, encountred and difcomfited r 
which notwithftanding, procefTe of time reaued from 
him, and added fuch ftrength to his enemies, that he waa 
driucn to abandon Cornwall^ and retire into Wales. 

So, the Cornijhmen quitting their libertie with their 
prince, ftouped to the commaund of Egierf King of 
Weft-fcx, and with their territor ie (faith William Malms* 
tmrie) enlarged his confines. 

Atheljiane handled them yet more extremely; for hee 
draiie them out of ^xcejier^ where, till then,- they bare 
equall fway with the Saxons, & left Onely the narrow 
angle on the Weft oi Tamer riuer, for their Inhabitance^ 
which hath eucr fince beene their fatall bound. 

On their Reguli (as Vincentius deliuereth) he impofcd 
an yerely tribute, of 20. li. in gold, 300. li. in filuer, 25^ 
oxen, and hunting hounds and hawkes» at difcretion. 

Ta 



Tie fecond Booh. p7 

To thefe affliftlotis by home-neighbours of bondage, 997. 
tribute, and baniftiing, was ioyned a fourth, of fpoyling 
by forcayne enemies : for Roger Houedon telleth vs, that 
the Danes landed in fundry places oi Cornwall^ forrayed 
the Countrey, burned the Townes, and killed the 
people. 

To whom fucceeded in the like occupation, Godwin^ 106Z. 
and Edmond magnus^ King Harolds two Tonnes, difcom- 
fiting the forces oppofed againft them, harrowing De-- 
uon and Cornwall^ and then retiring with their prey into 
Ireland. . # 

After the conqueft, when K, H. the firft inuaded riij. 
Griffin ap Conan Prince of Wales, he diftributed his ar« 
mie into three portions, one of which (wherein confid- 
ed the forces of the fourth part oi England znd Cornwal) 
bee committed to the leading of Gilbert Earl of 
StrigilU 

In Henry the thirds time, by the teftimony ofMathew 1.227. 
Paris^ William Earle of Sarum, after long toffing at fea, 
with much adoe, about Chriflmas arriued in Cornwall: 
and fo afterwards, did Earl 'Richard^ the Kings brother, 
at two feuerall times : the later of which, being defti« 
tttte of horfes and treafure, he prayed therein ayde of his 
loyals. 

When Edward the third auerred his right to the I339- 
Crowne of Fraunce, by the cuidence of armcs, the 
French for a counterplea, made an vnlawfuU entry into 
Deuon and Cornwall \ but Hugh Courtney Earlc oiDeuon^ 
remooued it with pojfe Comitatus, and recommitted them 
to the wooden prifon that brought them thither. Yet 
would not the Scots take fo much warning by their fuc- 
cefife, as example by their precedent, if at leaft, Froif- 

C c farts 



Tie Suruey of Cormvall. 

firts ignorance of our Englifh names^ bred not his mlf- 
taking in tbe place. 

By his relation afo, Cornwalls necre neighbourhead 
gaue oportunity of acceiSe, both to the Earle Montfordy 
when he appealed to that Rings ayd, for recouering his 
right in Brittaine (albeit I cannot bring home Cepfee the 
defigned port of his landing) and after his captiuitie, to 
the melTengers of his heroicall CountefTe, employed in 
the like errand. 

And from CornwalU the Earle of Sarum, WiL de Mef- 
title and Philip de Courtney, fet to fea, with 40. fhips^ be- 
fides Barks^ and 2000. men at armes^ befides Archers^ in 
fupport of that quarrelL 

Laftly, his authoritie enformeth me, that thofe fouU 
diers of Cornwall, who vnder their Captaines lohn Ap^ 
port and lohn Cornwall, had defended the Fort of Bcr- 
cherel in Brittaine, againft the power of Fraunce, aboue 
a yeres fpace, in the end, for want of due fuccours, vpon 
^n honourable compoiition furrendred the fame. 

147 1. Qgeenc Margaret, wife to i31 6. vpon her arritial out 
of Fraunce, after the loiTc of Barnet field, receiued great 
ayd, though to fmal purpofe, from the Deuon and Cornijh 
H)cn, vnder the conduct o( Thomas Earle of that ihire. 

1485. And fo much were thofe Wcftern people addrdled tp 
that name, as they readily fallowed Sir Edw. Courtney, 
& bis brother Peter, Bifhop oiExcefier, what time they 
aflifted the Duke of Buckingham, in his reuolt againft 
'Richard the third. 

1497* Neither did his fuppreflbur and fucccflbur, H. the 7. 

RibiUion. %xidit^ them more loyal! : for the Comijh men repining at 
a Subfidy lately graunted him by Adt of Parliament, 
were induced ta rebellioa by Thomas Flammock, a Gentle- 

I man. 



Tie ficond Booh. ^8 

ihan, & Michael lofeph, a Black-fmith, with Whom they 
marched to Taunton, there murdering the prouoft of 
Perin, a Comtniflioner for the fayd Subfidy, and from 
thence to Welles, where lames Touchet, Lord Audely, de- 
generated to their party, with which encreafe iheypaf- 
fed by Sartsbury to Winchefter, and fo into Kent. But 
by this time. Lords & Commons were gathered in 
ftrength fufficient, to make head againft them, and 
foone after, black Heath faw the ouerthrow of their 
forces^ in battel!, and London, the punifliptient of their 
feducers hy iuftice. 

In the fame fatall yeere of reuolts, Perkin Warbeck, a 
counterfeit Prince, landed in Cornwall^ went to Bodmyn, 
aiTembled a trayne of rake»hels, aifaulted Excejler, re- 
ceyued the repulfe, and in the end fped, as is knowne^ 
and as he deferued. 

The laft Carnifl) rebellion, was firft occafipned by 1549* 
one Kilter, and other his aflbciats of a Wefterne pari/h^ 
called, S. Keueren, who inxbrued their wicked hands in 
the guilties blood of one M. Body^ as he f^te in Commif- 
iion at Heljlon for matters of reformation in religion : 
and the yere following, it grew to a general reuolt, vnder 
the conduft o^ Arundel, JVydeJlade, Re/ogan, and others, 
followed by 6000. with which power they marched into 
Deuon, befieged and aifaulted Excejier, & ^aue the L. 
Rujfell (employed with an army againfl them) more 
then one hot encounter, which yet (as eiier) quayled in 
their ouerthrow. 

In my particular view, I will make eafie iournies from particM- 
place to place, as they lye in my way, taking the Hun- ^^'•/': 
dreds for my guydcs, vntill I haue accompliflicd this^^'^''^'"'* 
wearifome voyage* 

Cc 2 My 



^he Suruey of Cornwall. 

EMftHun^ My firft entrance muft be by the hundred of Eaft, fo 
^Phm9utb ^^^^^ for his fite, and therein, at Plymouth haucn. It 
hmnn. borroweth that name of the riuer Plym, which rifing in 
Deuon, and by the way baptizing Plymjlon^ Plymjiock^ 
&c. here emptieth it felfe into the fea. The hauen parteth 
Deuon and Cornwall wclneere euery where, as Earner 
riuer runneth : I fay welneere, becaufe fome few inter- 
laced places are excepted : a matter fo forted at the firft 
partition, eyther to fatisfie the aflFe£tion of fome fpeciall 
perfons, or to appropriate the foyle to the former Lords, 
or that (notwithftanding this feuerance) there mi|ht Ail 
reft fome caufe of entercourfe between the Inhabitants 
of both Counties : as I haue heard, a late great man en- 
fued, and expreffed the like confideration, in diuifion of 
his lands between two of his fonne's. 

Now though this hauen thus bound both (hires, yet 

' doth the iurifdidion of the water wholly appertayne to 

the Duchy of Cornwall, and may therefore bee claymed 

as a part of that County. Notwithftanding, I will for- 

beare what I may, to intrude vpon my good friend NL 

Hookers limits, and referue to him the defcription of the 

farther (hore. 

jtami The firft promontory of this harbour on the Weft 

^^' fide, is Rame head^ by his proportion, receyuing, and by 

his poifefiion, giuing, that name and armes to his owner, 

whofe pofterity conueyed it by inter-marriages, from 

Durnford, to Edgecumh : on the toppe thereof rifeth 

a little vaulted Chappell, which ferueth for a marke at 

fea. 

CoM/am From thence trending Penlee poynt, you difcouer 

*^* Kings fand and Caufam Bay, an open roade, yet fome- 

times affbording fuccour to the woorft fort of Sea- 

2 farer^^ 



Tie fecond Booh. 99 

farers^ as not fubicift to comptrolment of Plymouth forts. 
The fhore is peopled with fome dwelling houfes^ and 
many Cellers, dearely rented for a (hort vfagc, in fauing 
of Pilcherd. At which time, there flocketh a great con- 
courfe of Sayners, and others, depending vpon their la- 
bour. I haue heard the Inhabitants thereabouts to re- 
port, that the Earle oi Richmond (afterwards Henry the 
feuenth) while hee houered vpon the coaft, here by 
ilealth refrefhed bimfelfe ; but being aduertifed of 
ilreight watch, kept for his furprifing at Plymouth, he 
richly rewarded his ho^le, hyed fpeedily a ihipboord, and 
efcaped happily to abetter fortune. 

Here alfo of late yeeres, part of the Cornijh forces twife 
encamped themfelues, planted fome Ordinance, and raifed 
a weake kind of fortification, therethrough to contcft, if 
not repulfe, the landing of the expe£):ed enemie : and a 
flrong watch is continually kept there, euer fince one 
thoufand, fine hundred, ninetie feuen : at which time, a 
Spaniard riding on the Bay, while mod of the able people 
gaue their attendance at the Countie Aflifes, fent fome 
clofely into the village, in the darke of the night, who 
hanged vp barrels of matter fit to take fire, vpon certaine 
doores, which by a traine (hould haue burned the houfes, ^ 

But one of the Inhabitants, efpying thefe vnwelcome 
gheAs, with the bounce of a Caliuer chaced them aboord, 
and remoued the barrels, before the traynes came to 
worke their efFcdt, The Inginer of this pradtife, (as 
hath fince appeared by fome examinations) was a Portu- 
gall, who fometimes fayled with Sir lohn Borowghs, and 
boailed to haue burned his Ship : for which two ho- 
nourable exploits, the King of Spaine beflowed on him 
two hundred duckets. 

Cc3 la 



Tibe Suruey of Cornwall 

$. Nich' In the mouth of the harbour, lycth S. Nicholas Hand, 
loi Hands, in faftiiop, lofcngy, in quantity, about 3. acres, ftrongly 
fortifyed, carefully garded, and fubied: to the Cora- 
xnauiider of Plymmouth fort. 

When the Cornijh rebels, during Edw. the 6. raigne, 
turmoyled the quiet of thofc quarters, it ycclded a fafe 
proiedion ro diuers dutyful fubieds, who there {hrowd- 
ed themfelues. 
Tht From this Hand, a range of rocks reacheth ouer to the 

^rt^i^' Southweft (hore, difcouercd at the low water of Spring 
tides, and leauing onely a naVrow entrance in the midft, 
called the Yate, for (hips to paflc thorow, whereto they 
are directed by certaine markes at land. 
M^unt Vpon this South (bore, fomewhat within the Hand', 

Edgicumi. ftandeth mount Edgecumb, a houfe builded and named 
by Sir Ric. Edgecumb^ father to the now pofleffioncr : and 
if comparifons were as lawfuU in the making, as they 
prooue odious in the matching, I would prefume to ranke 
it, for health, pleafure, and commodities, with any fub- 
ie£ts houfe of his degree in England. It is feated againft 
the North, on the declining of a hill, in the midft of a 
Deere park, neere a narrow entrance, thorow which the 
fait water breaketh vp into the country, to fliape the 
greateft part of the hauen. The houfe is builded fquare, 
with a round turret at eche end, garretted on the top, & 
the hall rifing in the mids aboue the reft, which yeeldeth 
a ftately found, as you enter the fame. In Summer, the 
opened cafcments admit a refrefliing coolenes : in Win- 
ter, the two clofed doores exclude all ofFenfiue cold- 
nefle : the parlour and dining chamber giue you a large 
& diuerfified profpcdt of land & fea ; to which vndcr- 
ly &. Nicholas Hand, Plymmouth fort, & the townes of 
Plymmouth^ Stonehoufe^ Milbrook, & Saltajh. It is fupplycd 

with. 



The fecond Booh. i oo 

with a neuer-fayiing fpring of water» and the dwelling 
ilored with wood, timber^ fruit, Deere, and Conies. The 
ground abundantly anfwereth a houfipkeepers neceflities^ 
for pafture, arable and meadow, and is r eplenifhed with a 
kinae of ftone, feruin^ bo(h for building, lyoie, and oiarle. 
On the feaclifs groweth great plenty of the beftOre-wood^r 
to fatisfie the owners want, and accommodale his neigh-* 
bonrs. A little below the houfe, in the Summer eueningSj 
Sayne-boates come and draw with their nets for fi(h$ whi-. 
ther the gentry of the houfe walking downc, take the plea- 
iaxt of the fight, and fometimes at all aduentures, buy tha 
profit of the draughts. Both £des of the forementioned 
loarrowe entrance, together with the parage betweene,. 
(much haunted as the high wj^ to Pfymm&ulA) the whole 
towne of Stonehoufe, and a great circuit of the land ad* 
ioyning, appertaine to M. EJgecumis inheritance : thefe 
fides are fenced with blockhou&s, and that next to Mount 
Edgecumb^ was wont to be planted with ordinance, which 
at comkig & parting, with their bafe voices greeted fuch 
ghefts as vifued the houfe> neither ha<h the opportunity 
(Df (he barbovir wamted occafions to bring tbem> or the 
owners a franke mind to inoite them. For proofe where- 
of, the earft remembred Sir Ric. (a gentleman in whom 
mildnes fie ftoutnes, di^dence & wifdome, deliberatenea 
of vndertakingy & fofiiciency of effeding» made a more 
commendable^ then blazing mixture of vertue) during Q^ 
Ma. raigne, entertained at one time, for fome good fpace^ 
the Admirals of the £ngU(h»Spani{h, & Netherland fleets^ 
with many noble men befides. But not too much of this, 
lead a partiatl afFedion fteale,iat vn wares, into my com- 
mendation, as one, by my mother^ defcended from his 
loynes^ and by my birth, a member of the hou&. 

C c 4 Certaine 



Tie Surwy of CormoalL 

Certalne olde ruines, yet remaining, confirme the 
neighbours report, that neere the waters iide, there flood 
WiftfioM once a townc, called Weftftone houfe^ vntill the French 
boM/e. \yy fij-e guj f^ord ouerthrew it. 

In the ycere one thonfand, fine hundred, ninetie nine, 
the Spaniards vaunts caufed the Cornijb forces to aduance 
there a kind of fortification, and to plot the making of a 
Bridge on barges ouer that ftrait, for inhibiting the ene- 
mies acceffe by boates and Gallies, into the more inward 
parts of the hauen. But it may be doubted, whether 
the bridge would haue proued as impoffible, as the 
Sconce fell out vnneceflarie. 

Mafter Peter Edgecumbe (commonly called Peers) 
married Margaret the daughter of Sir Andrew Lutterel^ 
his father Sir Richard married the daughter of 

Tregian : his f^itther Sir Peers married the daugh- 

ter, and heire oi Stephan Durnfard: and his father Sir 
Richard^ married the daughter oi'lremayn. Thefe 

names oi Peers and Richard^ they haue fucceffiuely varied 
for fixe or feuen defcents. Hee beareth for his Armes, 
Gules on a Bend ermine 9 betweene two Cotifes^ Or. 3. 
Bores heades coped, arg. armed as the third i Langued 
as the field* 

A little inward from Mountedgecumb^ lieth a fafe and 
iUmft. commodious Road for Shipping, called Hamofe^ and 
compounded of the words Ofe^ and Ham^ according to 
the nature of the place.' Here tbofe vefifels cafi: anchor, 
which are bound to the Eaftwards, as thofe doe in Cat- 
water, who would fare to the Weflj becaufe euerie 
wind that can ferue them at Sea, will from thence Car- 
rie them out : which commoditie other roads doe not . 
fo conueniently affbord. It is reported, that in times 

paft. 



Tib fecond Booke. ' lot 

paftj tlierc w<as an ordinary paifage ouer this watefi to a 
place on Dfuon fide, called Horfecoue^ but long fince dif» 
continued. 

At the higher end of a creek, pafUng vp from hence, 
Milbrook lurketh between two hilles, a village of fome MilhrMhi 
8o. houfes, and borrowing his name from a mill and 
little brook, running therethrough. In my remembrance 
(which extendeth not to aboue 40. yeeres) this village 
tooke great encreafe of wealth and buildings, through 
the iuft and induftrious trade of fifhing, and had wel- 
neere forty (hips and barks at one time belonging there* 
vnto. But our late broyles with Spayne haue fet vp'a 
more compendious, though not fo honeft way of gayn- 
ing, and begin by little and little, to reduce thefe plainc 
dealers, to their former vndeferued plight. Yet do they 
prefcribe, in a fuburbiall market (as I may terme it) to 
Pfymmouth^ for their reliefe, by intercepting, if not fore- 
iialling, fuch corne and victuals, as pa^]ing thorow their 
freights, cannot for want of time or weather, get ouer 
Crymell paifage, to the other : and furely they are not * 
unworthy of fauour : for this towne furni(heth more 
able Mariners at euery preft for her HigbnefTe feruice, 
then many others of far greater blaze. 

It chanced about twenty yeeres iithence, xhzl ont 2* ebiUrm 
Richaurdf wife to Richard Adams of this towne, was de- ^7^*^^^ 
liuered of two male children, the one ten weekes after 
the other, who lined vntil baptifme, & the later hitherto: . 
Which might happen, in that the woman bearing 
twinnes, by fome blow. Aide, or other extraordinary ac- 
cident, brought forth the firft be£3re his time, and the 
later in his due feafoa. Now, that a childe bofne in the 
feuenth moneth may Hue, both Aftrologers and Phiii-- 

D d cions 



TSj Suruty of Cornwall 

GMim u. cions doe affirme^ but in the 8. they deny it j tbd theic 
^£J^. ^^^ *^^*^ reafons : The Afttologers hold, that the child . 
* in the mothers wombe, is fucceffiuely gouerned euery ^ 
moneth, by the feuen Planets beginning at Saturne : 
after which reckoning, he returning to his rale the 8. 
month, by his dreery influence, infortunatelh- any birth 
that {hal then cafually befall : whereas his fucceeder lu-- 
piter^ by a better difpofition worketh a more beneflciall 
inhm cffeA. The Phificions deliuer, that in the feuentb 
f/^r«l/. °^^"^^^> ^^^ childe, by courfc of nature, turncth it felf 
mirMMlii* in the mothers belly ; wherefore, at that time, it is rea« 
dier (as halie loofed) to take iifue by any outward chance. 
Mary, in the eighth, when it beginneth to fettle againe^ 
and as yet retayneth fome weakenes of the former ftur- 
ring, it requireth a more forcible occafion, & that in- 
duce th a flaughtering violence. Or if thefe coniedurall 
reafons^ fuffice riot to warrant a probability of the truth, 
Lii. 7. 'Plynies authority in a ftranger cafe, (hall prefle them far- 
Ca/j 1 1. ther t for hee writeth, that k woman brought a bed of 
one childe in the feuenth monetfa, in the mcuiieths fol- 
lowing, was alfo deliuered of twinnes. 

A part of Mount^Edgecumb^ and of this MHiroak, 
though feuered from Deuotif by the generall bound, yet,* 
vpon fome of the forcremembred confiderations, hauc 
bene apnexed thereunto. 

Afide of Miibrookf lyeth the Peninfula of Infwork, on 
Whofe neckland ftandeth an ancient houfe of the Cham* 
fernonsy and defcended by his daughters and heires, to 
Forteskrw^ Monck^ and Treuiiiafif three Gentlemen of 
Detton. The fite b naturally both pleafant and profitable ; * 
to which, the owner by his ingenious experiments, daily 
addeth an artifkiall furplufage. 

Paffing 



Tie fieond Booki. 102 

Faffing foinewbat farther vp, yon meet with the foot 
of Lyniff where it wioaeth feUowfhtp with I'awirit tbtt» 
till theot aod ihisy yet lofiTger^ retayaing Cheir names, 
though their ouer^weakc ftreamea were loog beioro coo- 
ibunded, by the predominant fait water. A little withm 
this moath of Lyner^ ilandeth Eaft^Antony^ the pobre 
home of mine anceftoursy with vhich. in this maner th^ 
were ioaefted : Sir hhn Lerchedeknep Knight^ and not 
priefty (for he was fo called of his family, and not by hia 
calling, as in Froijfardjaa ihall note the like, to be fami- 
liar amongft the noUlity oi GafcotgneJ by Cecillf the 
daughter and heire tilbrdott of Haccamb» had ifftic 9« 
ibonesi Raiph^ Waryne^ Richard f Otho^ lohtu Robert^ Mgr^ 
lyn^ R^ignaU^ and Miehad. Richurd tmxdtA hm. the 
daughter oilohn Bofowr^ that bare him Hhomas^ in whomk 
the heirce nule of this mtdtiplyed hope tooke an end; 
Warine^ afterwards knighted^ tooke to wife Etizabetk^ 
one of the daughters and heires to Uhn Talbat de Qi/ird 
Ricardip and on her begat three daughters and heires^ 
jSUenoff wedded to ^it Walter Lucy t Margery 9 \o Sir 
Tha$nas Arundel . of Taluerae : and Philips to Sir Hugh 
Courtney of Bannflon (which I take is now named Ba« 
connock.) From Lucy de&ended the Ix>rd Fauf^^ and 
others. Margery dyed childleiTe, anno 1419* as is tcSd^ 
fied by her toomb-ftone in Weft- Antony Church, where* 
(hee lyeth buried; Sir Hugh Courtney was fecond fcmne to^ 
Rd. Earle ofDeuon^ & had a.wiues : the iirfl;^ Maud, daugh<«i 
ter of theX. Beaumond^ to whoie children, for want o£ 
iffiie in the elder flocks that Earledome deuolued, & the 
later, oor focecemembred Ehilip^ who left her inheritance 
to her only daughter lone : and (he taking a patteme from 
her fathers fortune, efpoufed likewiie 2. husbands, vtz^ 
Sir Nicholas Baron of CareWy and Sir Robert Fere, brother 

Dda to 



Tie Sunny of Cornwall. 

to hAn Earle of Oxford : to Sir Nicholas, (hee bare Tho» 
mas, Nicholas, Hugh, Alexander, and William : to Sir JRo- 
bert, John, and became widdow of both. And, as after 
the fathers deceafe, good agreement betweene the mo- 
ther and eldeft fbnne hath commonly weake continue 
aoce^ becaufe both being enfranchifed to a fudden abfb- 
lute iurifdidion^ neither of them can eafily temper the 
fame with a requxfite moderation : fo it chaunced, that 
, fliee and hers fell at fquare^ which difcord (with an vn- 
naturall extremity) brake forth into a blow, by him no 
•lefle dearly, then vndutifully giuen his mother : for vpon 
lb iuft a caufe, ihe difinherited him of a)l her lands^ be* 
ing feuenteene mannours, and beftowed them on her 
yonger fbnnes. This I learned by the report of Sir Peter 
Care^, the elder of that name, and eldeft of our ftock 
(a Gentleman, whofe rare worth my pen is not able to 
ihaddow, much lefle with his due lineaments to repre-> 
fent) at fuch time, as being a fchoUer in Oxford of 
fourteene yeeres age, and three yeeres ftanding, vpon a 
wrong conceyued opinion touching my fufficiency, I waa 
there called to difpute ex tempore {impar congreffus AchUlt^ 
with the matchles Sir Fh. Sidney, in prefence of the 
Earles, Leycefier, Warwick, and diuers other great per- 
ibnages. By the forementioned cooueyance, fhe difpofed 
of her fayd mannours as foUoweth : Haccumb, Ring- 
more, and Milton, (hee gaue to Nicholas : Lyham, Mane-^ 
don, Combhall, and Southtawton, to Hugh : Eaft-An-^ 
tony, Shoggebroke, and Landegy, to Alexander ^ Wiche- 
band, Widebridge, Bokeland, and Bledeuagh, to WiU- 
Ham : and laftly, Rofeworthy, Bofewen, and Tregennow, 
to John : al which (he entailed to them, and the ifTue 
of their bodies, iubftituting, for want thereof^ : the on^ 

.to 



7%e fecond Booh. ' 1 03 

to be heire to the other : and in witnes hereof (fay th (he 
in her conueyance) to each of thefe deedes fiuc times in- 
dented, I hauc fet my fcale \ and becaufe my feale is to 
many vnknowne, haue procured the feale of the Maior 
of the Citie of Exon, to be alfo adioyned. 

Thomas her eldcft fonne, repayred this Ioflc> in part^ 
by matching with one of Carminowes^ daughters and 
heires. 

From Nicholas^ is defcended Canw of Haccumb, who 
by vertue of this cntayle, fucceeded alfo to Hughs portioi>, 
as deceafing iflbelefle. From William is come Carew of 
Crocum in Somerfct fhire, and from lo/in f^ere, the now 
Earle of Oxford, deriueth his pedigree, jllexander ma« 
ried Elizabeth the daughter of Hatch^ and begate lohn^ 
who tooke to wife ^hamefin^ one of the daughters and 
heires of Holland: their fonne Sir Wymond^ efpoufed Mar-- 
tha^ the daughter of Edmund^ and fifler to Sir Anthonys 
Denny. Sir fVymond had Thomas^ the husband of Eliza^ 
beth Edgecumb, and they myfelfe, linked in matrimony 
with luliaUf daughter to lohn Arundel of Trcrice, and 
one of the heires to her mother Catherine Cofewarth^ 
who hath made me father of Richard^ lately wedded to 
Brigetf daughter of lohn Chudleigh of A(hton in Deuon. 

Touching our ftock in general^ and my family in par«^ 
ticuUr, being once vainly difpofed (I would it had bene 
but once) I made thi^ idle obferuation. . 

CArew of ancient Canu was^ 
And Carru is a plowe, 
Romanes the trade. Frenchmen the wordj. 

I doe the name auowe/ 
The elder ftock, and we a brauach^ 
M Pkabes gQMtvmn^. 

P d 3 From 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall 

From fire to fonne^ doe waxe and wtQC, 

By thrift and lauilhing. 
The fire, not valuing at due price 

His wealthy it throwes away : 
The fonne, by feruice or by match, 

Repaireth this decay. 
The itnelling fence we fimdry want. 

But want it without lack : 
For t*is no fenfe, to wiih a weale. 

That brings a greater wrack. 
Through natures marke, we owne our babes» 

By ap of th' upper lip \ 
6IacK-l>earded all the race, faue mine. 

Wrong dide by motherfiiip. 
The Barons wife. Arch-deacons heire» 

Vnto her yonger fonnc 
Gaue Antony, which downe to me, 

By 4. defcents hath runne* 
All wiiich, and all their wiues, esepreft 

, A Turtles fingle loue. 
And neuer did tha'dilentrous change. 

Of double wedding proue« 
We are the fift : to fwarue herefrom, 

1 will not though I could. 
As for my wife, God may di(pofe, 

jShee Ihall not, though (he would. 
Our family tranlplants it felfe, 

. To grow in other (hires. 
And Countrey rather makes then takes. 

As beft behoofe appeares> 
Children thrice three God hath y$ lent. 

Two fonnes, and then a mayd. 
By order borne, of which, one third 

We in the graue haue layd. 
Our eldeft daughter widow £cU, 

Before our yongeft borne : 

7 ^ 



Tie fecond Booke. 104 

So dod hard haps vnlooked come. 

So arc our hopes forlorne. 
Mine trebled haue in either fcxe, 

Thofb which my parents got. 
And yet but halied them, which Goci 

My graundfire did allot : 
Whofe grace in Court, rarely obtayned. 

To th'yongft of thofe eighteene. 
Three Kings of England Godfathers, 

For Godmother, our Queene. 

The Armes of our family^ arc Or. 3. Lyons pafiant> 
fable : armed and Langued Gules. 

It exceedeth good maners, to inulte your longer day 
at our cold harbour ; and yet, for that diuers ftrangera 
haue, either vpon caufe or kindnefTc, pretended to like 
well of a fait water pond there made ; and others, whole ^yj^ 
dwelling affoordeth a femblabte oportunity, may (per- u^tiur 
haps) take fome light herefrom, to doc the Kke : if they '•^* 
be fo difpofed, I will put my felfe to the payne of parti- 
cularly defcribing it, and you may (notwithftanding) at 
your pleafure, faue the labour of perufing it ; wherein I 
will by the way interlace fbme notes, for the Imitaters 
better inftrudtion. 

There lyeth a creeke of Ofe,. betweene two hilles^. 
which delioering a little fre(h rillet into the fea, re* 
ceyueth for recompence, a large ouerfipwing of th& 
fait water tides. This place is deepenea to a pond, by 
cabling vp part of the Ofe to the heades, part to the 
middle, and part to the fides : the vpper head ftop-» 
peth out the fre(h water, the lower keepeth in the 
fait : the middle rayfeth an Hand for the Work- 

D d 4 mena> 



^be Suruey of Cornwall 

mens eafe^ the owners pleafure^ and the fiihes fuccour. 
The Ofe thus aduaunced, within (hort fpace« through the 
funne and winde, changeth his former foftnes, to a fir- 
mer hardneife. Round about the pond, there is pitched 
a frith of three foote heighth,. floped inwards, to barre 
any Otter from ifluing, if hee there aduenture his natu«- 
rail theft, as it would foreclofe his entrance, but lofe the 
paftime of his hunting, if the fame declined outwards. 
In one of the corners next the (ea, (tandeth a flood-gate, 
to bee drawne vp and let downe through reigles in the 
fide pofleSf whofe mouth is encompafied with a double 
frith, of two foote diftance, eche from other, and their 
middle fpace filled vp with fmall ftones: this ferueth 
to let in the fait water, and to keepe in the fi(h, when 
the fiood-gate is taken vp : and therefore you mud not 
make the frith too clofe, nor the compafTe too little; 
left they too much ftop the waters pafifage. It rifeth of 
equall heighth with the banks, & they muft outreach the 
higheft full fea mark, by two foot at lead : neyther 
ought your flood-gates foote to (land euen with the 
pondes bottome, lefl: emptying the water, it wholly 
abandon the fi(h, but mufl leaue about three foot depth 
within. In the halfe circle enclofed between the flood- 
gate and the compafl[e frith, there is digged a round pit, 
of three foot diameter, and foure foot depth, frithed on 
the fides, which is continually fedde with the water foak-* 
ing from the fi^d flood-gate, and ferueth to keepe any 
fiih aliue, that you haue before taken, and fo to faue ouer 
often drawing. The floodgate will hold water befl:, if 
bis fides be walled vp with Cob. The pond may not 
carry one continuall depth, but containe fome (hallow 
places, to proteft the fiiialler fi(h from the greater, and 

for 



The fecond Booke. 105 

f^ them all to pUy in, when the weather is hote. -In 
the higher bankc there is alfo a flood-gate, to let in the 
frefti water, during Summer feafon, which the fifh then 
bcft afFedteth ;, the reft of the yeere it is carryed away 
by a trench, for auoydmg diuers difcdmmodities. 

Thus . much for the making : now to the vfe. Such 
as haue the meanes, may beft benefit thcmfelues, by let- 
ting in the fall water euery tyde, which is eafily done,' 
in making that place, where the water entreth, lower 
then the bankes and frith, and fo fuflTering the tyde to 
take his courfe forth and back, without ftop or attend- 
ance : and in this cafe, you may place your flood-gate 
euen with the floore of your pond, and neuer take it vp, 
but when you are difpofcd to view all your ftore. But 
mine lieth fo high from the mouth of the hauen, as I am 
driuen to detayne the laft prouifiori, vntill the comming 
fpring-tyde haue taken two daies cncreafe ; at which 
time, the flood-gate is hoyfed vp, the old water let out, 
and the new admitted. At full Tea downe goeth the 
flood-gate againe, and there abideth,.. vntill the next day 
miniiler the like ocafion : and after this maner is open- 
c4 and clofed, for fixe dayes in the whole, continuing 
ftom thenceforth other ten dayes vnmedled with all, to 
wit,. 8. daies of the neap, & two of the fpring. Neither 
doth al this require ouer-Iong,. or bufie paines or attend- 
ance : for if the former water be let out (fauing in ex- 
treme cold weather) before any new come in, or flopped 
fpmewhat too late^ it little skilleth, fo as on the laft day 
you keepe the aduantage, which the flood,.then at higheft,* 
doth giue you. 

And all thefe feruices about my pond, together with 
fividry other, are performed' by an old fellow whome £ 

Ec. keege. 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

kecpe for almes, and not fpr his workc. The bcft mcanes 
of prcuenting leakage, is to let three or foure ftioucls full 
of earth fall foftly downe, by the inner fide of the flood- 
gate, which will quart vp his chinkes. 

In winter feafon, fixe foote depth of water, at leaft, 
is requifite. 

Now touching the fi(h, this is the maner : when 
the Pilcherd Sayners cut the moft impayred pieces out 
of their nets, they are bought for a trifle, and ferue to 
make a leflTe Sayne, of fome 30. or 40. fathom length, 
and 2. in depth, for this purpofe, wherewith, betweene 
Midfummer and the end of Augufl, when the full fea 
falleth in the after-noones, my people make draughtes 
on the (hallow places within harbour, and taking fmall 
fifhes, cafl: them into the pond : they are kept & brought 
thither aliue,in a boat halfe full of water, which entreth 
thorow a little augre hole in the bottome, and fo conti- 
nueth new. The fi(h thus taken, arc commonly Baffe, 
Millet, Guilthead, Whiting, Smelts, Flouk, Plaice, and 
Sole. The pond alfo breedeth Crabs, Eeles, & Shrimps ; 
and (in the beginiiing) Oyfl:crs grew vpon boughs of 
trees (an Indian miracle) which were caft in thither, to 
ferue as a houer for the fi(h. The BaflTe and Millet do 
alfo fpawn there, but whether they ouerliue their breeders 
rauening, to any big growth, I am not certayne. The pond 
' will moreouer keepe Shote, Peale, Trought, and Sam- 
mon, in feafonable plight, but not in their wonted red- 
difli graine. They feed on fait vnmarchantable Pilcherd, 
fmall fi(h, called Brit, and Barne, Tag-wormes, Lugges» 
little Crabs, & the liuers of beails : the refl: deuoure their 
meat, but the Millets content themfelues with fucking 
i(> and chawing of the fedge. Euery cuening they come 

ta 



\ 



7%e fecond Booke. ^ io6 

to a place certain in the pond, for receiuing their allow- 
ed pittance, and in Summer, approche very neere, and in 
the top of .the water plainly difcouer themfelues. They 
were firft trayned hereunto, by throwing in their bayte 
at the ponds mouth, as they reforted thither, to take 
plcafure of the new en t ring water, and are now become 
alike tame, with thofe in the Sicilian riuer Elorus^ for 
which, Leonicus voucheth the teftimony oi Afollodorus. y^^-a^a. 
If they be abfent, a knocking, like the chopping of their Lib. 3. 
meat, ferueth for a fummons to call them, & confirmeth ^^- ^'^^ 
Plynies affcrtion, that fifties do heare. In the hoteft Cap^j. 
Summer weather, they fwimme with the ryme of the 
water; and in the. Winter, keepe the depth. Lymy, * 
or thicke puddelly water, killeth them : they grow very 
faft, and fatte, which alfo bettereth their tafte, and de- 
li uereth them to the demaunders ready vfe, at all feafbns, 
feafonable. 

They are taken generally, by a little Sayne net : fpecial- 
ly the Eeles in weclies : the Flowks, by groping in the 
fand, at the mouth of the pond, where (about Lent) they 
bury themfelues to fpawn ; & the BaiTe and Millet by 
angling. 

The pleafure which I took at my friends pleafure here«» 
in, idlely bufied me thus to expreile the fame. 

IWayt not at the Lawyers gates, 
Ne fhoulder clymers downe the ftayrcs 5 
I vaunt not manhood by debates, 
I enuy not the miferis feares : 

But meane in ftate, and calme in fprite,. 
My fifhfull pond is my delight. 

Where equall diftant Hand viewes 
Hi& forced banks, and Otters cage : 

Eez Where 



Tie Suru^ of Cortvwall. 

Where fait and freOi the poolc rcAues, 
As Spring and drowth cncrcaife or fwage ; 

Where boat pfcfents his feruice preft, 

And net becomes the fifhes neft ; 

There fucking Millet, fwallowing fiaflc, 
Side-walkiog Crab, wry-mouthed Flookcg 
And (lip-fift Eele, ^ euenings paiTe, 
For fafe bayt at due place doe looke : 

Bold to approche, quick to efpy. 

Greedy to catch, ready to fly. 

In heet the top, in cold the deepc : 
In fpring the mouth, the mids in neap : 
With changclcffe change by fhoales they keepe, 
Fat, fruitfull, ready, but not cheap : 

Thus meanc in ftate, and calme in fprite. 

My fiihfuU pond is my delight. 

And againe. 

CTench-louing Flies« their &ther beat, 
^ On mother, nwyfture doth beget ; 
WhQ feeling force of Sunne too great. 
Their courie vnto fome water fct. 

There meane of calmy ayrc to proue, 

Twixt coole below and warmth aboue. 

But careleffe of forcfight in weale. 
The euening dcaw droplodes their wing. 
So forft, downe-falne, tor flight to fayle. 
With buzzing moane their bane they fing. 

Fluttering in waue, fwimming in ayre. 

That, weake to drowne, and this, to beare* 

While thus they can nor liue nor dye^ 
Nor watcr-gieu*d, efcape away, 

Thd 



7%t ficmd Bdoh. 

Thc\fUh tnd fwallowcs it efpic, 

And both them qhalier^e for their, pray 5 

The fifli as caught within their toyle. 

The Swallow^s as their kindely fpoyle. 

The fifh, like Swallowes, mount on high. 
The Swallowcs, filh-like diue in waue, 
Thefe, finlefife fwimme, thofe, wingle£fe fly. 
One bent their diuers ventures haue, 

Filh in the drye, Swallowes in wet. 

By kinde 'gainft kinde their prey to get^ 

Their pulh a bubble vp doth reare. 
The bubble driues the Fly to brinke : 
So Fifti in vaine deuoure the a3rre, 
Swallowes in vayne the water drinke, 
- While Fly cfcapes, this fport I take. 
Where pond doth th* Ocean captiuc make* 

I carried once a purpofc, to build a little woodden 
banqueting houfe, on the Hand in my pon4f which her 
caufe fome other may (perhaps) elfewhere put in exe« 
cution, it wil not do much stmifTe, to d«liuer you the plot» 
as the fame was deaifed for mee, by that perfedly ac* 
eompliOied gentleman* the late Sir Arthwre Champet^ 

The Hand is fquare, with foure rounds at the cor^ 
ners, like Mouni-Edgecumb^ This ihould iirft have bene 
planched oner and rayled about^ with ballifters. Jn the 
midft, there ftiould haue rifen a boorded roome, of the 
like faihion^ but leiTer proportion* fo to leaue fufficient 
fpace betweene that and the rayles for a walke round 
about: this fquare^ roome (hould within iide haue 
bene iieled roundwife, and in three of the places wber^ 

E c 3 the 



107 






The Suruey of Cornwall. 

the church there lie tw<v Knights of that tume, and oricff 
of their ladies by her husbands fide, having their pidures 
etnboffed on their tombed in the fide waller, and their 
Amies once painted round about $ but now by thema^^ 
lice, not of men, but of time, defaced. They are held to 
be father and fonne, and that the fonne ilayne in our warren '^ 
\Hth Fraunce, was from thence brought home to be here 
interred. There runneth alio a tale amongft the parilhi* 
oners,^ how one of thefe Dannyes anceftours vndertook 
to build the Church, and his wife the barne-adioyning, 
and that, cafting vp their accounts, vponfinifhing of their, 
workes, the barne was found to coft three halfepcnce 
more then the Church : and fo it might well fall out : 
for it is a great barne, and a little Church. 
Crajtuu. In this pari(h ftandeth Crafthole, which by the high 
iite, might more fitly be termed Open hill, a poore viU 
lage but a much frequented thorow-fare, fomewhat i»--* 
famoufi, not vpon any prefent defert, but through an in- 
. ueterate byword, vi%. that it is peopled with 12. dwel- 
lings, and t^. cuckolds: for as the dwellings are more 
then doubled, fo (I hope) the cuckolds are le& thca 
fingled. 

Howfoeuer, many wayfarers make themfelues glee,. 

by putting the Inhabitants in minde of this priuiledge ; 

who againe, efpecially the women (like the Campellians 

\ti the North, and the London Bargers) forilow not to 

• baigne them (vnlefle they plead their heels the fader) 

with a worfe perfume, then lugurth found fault with in 

the dufigeon, where the Romanes buried him aliue, to 

attend his langui(hing and miferable death. 

5. c^- Vpon Sheuiock abbutteth S. Germanes, the greateft 

"w*''- parifli in Cornwall^ if you ioync to the ftoce of .people,. 

4 thC: 



^^ 



The fecond Booke, 109 

the quantity and quality of the foylc, wherethrough it 
afFoordcth commodious dwellings to fundry ancient Gen- 
tlemen, and wealthy Farmours ; amongft which firft 
fort, I may not (without withdrawing my teftimony due 
to vertuc) omit M. George Keckwitch of Catch-French, 
a houfe fo named (by likelyhood) for fome former me- 
morable, though now forgotten accident, whofe conti- 
nual], large, and inquifitiue liberality to the poore, did 
in the late*deare yeres, extraordinarily extend it felfc to 
an inuitirlg emulation, but beyond the apprehenfiue imi- 
tation of any other in the (hire. He hath iffue by Blancfi 
the daughter of Sir Frauncis Godolphin: his father 
George^ maried BuUer : his graundfirc 
their ancient dwelling was in EfTex, where this Gentle^ 
man enioyeth fayrfe poiTeflions, & beareth for his armes, 
Ar. two Lyons in bend paflant Sa. cotifed, G. 

The Church towne muftreth many inhabitants, and 
fundry mines, but little wealth, occafioned eyther through 
abandoning their fifliing trade, as fome conceiue, or by 
their being abandoned of the religious people, as the 
greater fort imagine : for in former tihfies, the Bifhop of 
Cornwals See, was from S. Petrocks in Bodmyn^ remoou- 
cd hither ; as from hence, when the Cornijh Dioces vnit- 
ed with Deuon, it pafTed to Crediton : and laftly, from 
thence to Excefter. But this firft loffc receyued reliefe 
through a fucceeding Priory, which at the general fup« 
predion, changing his note with his coate, is now named 
Fort Eliot y and by the owners charity diftributeth, pro 
virilh the almes accuftomably expected and expended at 
at fuch places. Neither will it (I thinke) much dif- 
pleaie you to heare, how the gentlemans anceftour, of 
whom mafter Eliot bought it, came by the fame. 

Ff . lohn 



I'be Suruey of CormoalL 

lohn Champemowne^ foooe and heire apparant to Sir 
Philip of Deuon, io H. thcS, time, followed the Court,,, 
and through his pleafant conceits, of which much might 
be fpokcn^ wan fome good grace with the King. Now 
when the golden ihowre of the difToIued Abbey lands,, 
layned welnerc into euery gapers mouthy fome 2. or 3. 
gentlemen, the Kings ieruants, and mailer Champer^ 
nownes acquaintance, waited at a doore where the King 
was to pafle forth, with purpofe to beg fuoh a matter 
at his hands : Our gentleman became inquiiitiue to 
know their fpit : they made Grange to impart it.. This 
while, out comes the King : they Icneele down, fo doth 
mailer Champernowne : they prcfcrre their petition 5 the 
King graants it : they render humble thanks,, and fo 
^otk M. Champernowne: afterwards, he rcquireth his 
ihare i they dpny it 1 he appeales %o the Kin^ : the King: 
avowjeth his -equall meaning in the largelTe ;. whereon 
l^c overtaken con^panions were fayne to allot him this 
Priory for his partage. 

' The pariih Clwrch ^nfwereth in bjgnei&, thp large 
prapartion of the pjriib, & theibrplufage of the Priory ; 
a great part of wjiofe chauxicell anno 1592. fel fuddenly 
dowfie, vpon a Friday, very fhortly after publikc feruicc 
wa^ ended, wbifh iieauexily fauour, of fo little relpite, 
faued nuny perfons liues, wrth whom immediately be- 
fbrie» it h^d bepf ftu^ed : and the deuout charges of the 
wfilidifpofedipafiflHQnors quickly rcpayrcd this ruine. 
Cmidtn- At the townes end, Cuidenbeak, an ancient houfe of the 
iftak. Bidbops, from a well aduanced Promontory, which inti- 
tuled it Beak, takf th a pleafant profped of tlie rluer. 

](o thispariik lyeth &zi/,the manfion of the/oreremem- 
bred yi^.Mo^a^i^iMm^x\l^^ 
/ . ' 7 as 



N 



7%8 feMUt Boslh^ no 

;ts he did miftrls Vaughan, a GentTwrtimti ferppfdfing htr 
rare learning, with a rarer niodefty, & ytt expreffing rfie . 
iame in her vertuous life and C^hrlftlaii dcceafe. Ishn fa« 
thcr to Robert maried Agnes^ daughter oi SetAtaiyu : and 
his father daU^er o€ Fvftffiewv Co whoax that 

'dwelling firft defcended. He beairtdfi: for bid Armts, G. 
a Moyle paiTant, jir. a part oi ibi? ^rr(h oon^neth oik 
the maine fca, & offiretli a fatre hndittg fAite, ealled &ea- Siatw. ' 
ton, howbqit, by a handfome fence fofbiddtng atiy kti 
inuafion : it is ouerlooked» vpon the one £de of the riuet" 
{which there difchargeth His ftreame Into the! Ocean) by 
Keuerel, the ancient houfe of the lumgfions^ Gent, in 
former times, of faire reOemHies^ who& Armes are Ar. 
a Cheuron betweene 3. Beares headis crafed Sa;. Thd 
faoufe perhaps, borowing his name aiCkmir^ulr^Vttesch 
word» fignifying a wild Goat (as thofe high c\\h afFoord 
them a commodious inhabitance) atid on the other, by 
Tregonnock, the dwelling of M. Tho. Smithy who in ar 
quiet and honeft retirednes, findeth that contentment, 
which many ambitious heads, far and wide doe v^nely 
feeke for : hee maried Tremayn : his father Robert 

one of the daughters and heires to Killtgrew : and 
his fonne lohrif Prifcilla the daughter of M. Geo.fFadham. 
His Armes, B. a Saultier^^r. betweene 4. Martlets O. 

Leauing S^ Gtrmams^ and paiSf^g through Latirakc 
parifli, in which M. Peter Caurtneyhz^ ao high feated 
houfe, called Wotton, you deicend to Noddetor bridge^ 
where the riuer Lyner firfl mingleth his frefh ftreatue 
with the brini(h waues-: touching v4iofe4iame and qpiA'- 
lity, one delighted in the folitary folace of his banks, & 
more affe^ing his owne recreation^ ttmi hvntiag i^ter 
any others good liking, defeattted thtM: 

Ff2 Who 



r 



Tie Suruey of CormoalL 

WHo firft gaue Zjfff^i name. 
Or from what caufe it came. 

Hard *tis for ccrtaine to cxprcflc : 
Experience yet direfts. 
By tryall of cffefts, 

Thereat to ayme, and frame a gefle. 
Is't, that as (he thee bear'th. 
So thou doeft line the earth. 

With purfeld ftreames of blew and white : 
Or, as a line doth guide. 
So thou doeft leuell Hide, 

And throw'ft into the fea thy mite ? 
Is't, that with twifted line. 
The Angler doth vntwinc 

The filhes life, by giuing breath. 
Or, as the threfhing lout, 
Rulhcth his Lyners out. 

So Lyner on his courfe rulheth : 
Or, as fome puppy feat, \ 

Lineth a maftiue great. 

And getteth whelps.of mongrell kinde : 
Lyner^ the fea fo lines. 
And ftreame with waue combines, 
fiegetting waters freihly brin'de. 

Item. 1 

WHen Sunnc the earth leaft (hadow Iparcs^ 
And higheft fialles in heauen his ieat» 
Then Lyners peeble bones he bares. 
Who like alambe, doth Ibwly bleat. 
And faintly Aiding euery rock. 
Plucks from his foamy fleece a lock r 

Before^ a riuer, now a rill. 

Before, a fence, now fcarce.a bound : 

Children 



^ 



The fecond Booke. iii 

Children him ouer^lcape at will, p 

Small beads, his deepeil bottome found. ^ 

The heauens with brafle enarch his head. 

And earth, of yron makes his bed, 

But when the milder-mooded skie. 

His face in mourning weedes doth wrap. 

For abfence of his cleared eie. 

And drops teares in his Centers lap, * 
Lyner gynnes JLyon-like to roare. 
And fcornes old bankes fhould bound him more^ 

Then, fecond Sea, he roUes, and bear's, 
Rockes in his wombe, rickes on his backe. 
Downe-borne bridges, vptorne wear's, 
Witnefle, and wayle, his force, their wracke. 

Into mens houfes fierce he breakes. 

And on each ftop, his rage he wreakes. 

Shepheard adiew's his fwymming flocke. 
The Hinde his whelmed harued hope. 
The dronged rampire fear's his fliockc, 
Plaines fcarce can ferue to giue him fcope» 

•Nor hils a barre -, wherefo he dray'th, 

Enfue, lode, terrour, ruine, death. 

In following the courfe oi Lyner^ you fall downe by 
Mafter Bonds auncient houfe of Earthy defcended to his 
auncefters, from the daughter and heire of that name^ 
to that of Mafter Wiueh^ newly and fayrely builded^ on 
which abbutteth Ma. Bullers ShilUngham^ not io much 
beholden to the owners inhabitance^ as to natures plea« 
fant and commodious feating. 

£m^ married with Fountaim^ his father with Fits: his 

F f 3 Armea 



Tie Surue} of CormoalL 

Armes are ^r. on a Cheuron Sa« three BefanK. 

Trmatm. Ncxt, wcc takc vicw of Trematon Cafikj a« it doth of 
the Hauen, anti Coontric adioynmg; It is, or rather 
was, one of the Dukes foremfcnciohed fbiirc boafcs : for 
now all the inner buildings are funke into ruine : onely 
there remaine the luie-tapiiTed wals of the Keepe, and 
bafe Court, and a poore dwelling for the keeper of ths 
Gaylc, to which prifoners arc bcoisght vpon a^ion^> 
from al places appurtenant id that kt^gc Lordfhip, if 
they cannot by furetifhip difcharge fhemfi^iees^ itom the 
Bailiefes arrefl. 

I haue rcceiued iilformation, from one atterfing eye« 
witnes^ that about fourtcore yeres liiice^ there Was dig- 
ged vp in the Parift ChauncelU & Leaden coffin, whicn 
being opened, (hewed the piro^ortion 6f a verie bigge 
man, but when the hands wont about to afcertaine 
themfelues, as well as their eyes, the body verified, that 
Omnis caro fuluis. The pai'tie farder told me, boiw^ a 
writing graued in the Le^^ trxprefled the fame to bed 
the burial of a Dukd, whofe heire was mafied to the 
prince. But who it fliouki bee, I calnnbt deuife, albeit 
my heft pleafing conie£turei liffbteth vpon Orgenus, be- 
caufe his daughter was married to Edgar. 

At the laft Carnijh commotion^ S. Richard Gnynuiie the 
efd^rdld, With his Ladre atid followers^ put tfaemfelues 
ifttb tftis^Oftfe, & there fbt a while indtired the Rebels 
iitgc,. ihtampe'd in three places againft i^ who wandng 
grekt Ofdinance, could haue ^ivroO^t the befiegcd fmaU 
ibathe, had his friei^d^, or enekAi«rs> kept faith and pro- 
mffe: \itx (brtt of thoit; withhi, flipping by night 
cuer the wals, with their bodies after their heartr, and 
dlofe ^diout^ ikringlittg ^Mftbk iptreaCicigs with rude 

t menaces^ 



Tie fecmd Booh. 1 1 ^ 

menaces, lie was hereby wonae, to iflue forth at a poPi 
terne gate for padey. The while^ a part of thofe rake- 
hels» not knowing what honeftie, and farre lefle, how 
much the word of a fouldier imported, ftepped be- 
tweene him and home, laid hold on his aged vn^ 
weyldie body, and threatned to leaue it liaelefle, if the 
inclofed did not leaue their refiftance. So proiecuting 
their firft treacherie againft the prince, with futeabb 
a(ftions towards his fubiedts, they feized on the Caftlct 
and exercifed die vttertnoft of their barbarous craeltic 
(death excepted) on the fur prifed priibners. TIms isAy 
Gentlewomen, without regard of fexe or £haaie, were 
ftripped from their apparrell to dieir very finockes, and 
fome of their fingers bpoken, to plucks away their 
rings, and Sir Richard himfelfe made an exchange from 
Trematon Caftte^ to that of Launcefton^ with tfafe Gayla 
to boote. 

This Caftle vaunteih the Lord Warden his ilibward by 
Patent, Mafler Antkonte Roufe his Baylife by inberitanc^ 
and Richard Carew of Antony his keeper by leafe; Of 
the ancient officers, one yet retayneth the name, though* 
not the place, viz. M. Porter ^ to whofc anceftor, when 
Vantor was L. thereof, one by a deed before date, gaoe 
land, ]yin^ without the gate, by the title of J2i^/f£w^ 
tori de ^rematon, \^hich he ^ill enioyeth^.M^ Porterj 
Armes are Sa. Three Belles jir. a Canton £rm. 

It ftanrleth in S. Stephens parilh : llie flieafb whereof,, 
together with other faire reuennues, M. George Wai^ 
ham enioyiflg in the right of his wife, (he daughter and 
heire to mafter Hifi:^/rj, liberally beftoweth in contiinaU 
hofpitalitie. 

Ma(ler Ht chins armes, are %w 'a croife Fleurty, 

Ff^. quarterly. 



^he Suruey af Cornwall 

quarterly B. and G. betweene 4. LyoDS heades erafed Ssi. 
langued of the fecond. M. Wadhams^ G. a Cheuron 
betweene three Rofes Ar. 
SJtajb. The fame pari(h alfo comprifeth Saltafli, in old writ^ 
iflgs, called Villa de EJfe j Ejfe his townc : and fuch 
Gentlemen there have been of ancient defcent and faire 
reuennues. The. word Salt, is added thereunto, becaufe 
it flandeth on the fea, & to diftingui(h it from other 
places of the fame name. It is feated on the declyning 
of a fteep hill, coniifteth of three (Ireets, which euery 
ihowre waiheth cleane, comprifeth betweene 8o. and 
loa. houfeholds, vnderlyeth the gouernment of aMaior 
& his 10. brethren, and pofTeiTeth fundry large priui- 
lisdges ouer the whole hauen, to wit» an yeerely rent of 
boates and barges appertayning to the harbour, ancorage 
of ftrange (hipping, crowning of dead perfons, laying of 
arrefts, and other Admirall rights, befides ele£ling of 
Burgefles for the Parliaments, benefit of the pafTage, 
foreclofing all others, faue themfelues^ from dredging of 
Oyfters, except betweene Candlemas and Eafter, weeke- 
ly markets, halfe-yeerely fayres, &c, 

The towne is of late yeeres well encreafed and adorn- 
ed with buildings, & the townfmen addiA themfelues to 
the honeft trade of marchandife, which endoweth them 
with a competent wealth. Some 7. or 8. (hips belong 
thereunto. 

. It was not long fince, that the neighbour^rainiftert 
fucceffiuely beftow.ed their paines in preaching there, on 
the market daies, and the bordering gentlemen yeelded ' 
their prefence. Sermon ended, the Preachers reforted 
to one ordinary, and the Gentlemen to another. This 
' afiborded commendable %&Gi% to many works of loue 

and 



"Tlx feconi Swlel 113 

tnd charity : but, widi tfa0 retotted lakme^ A'on^ «ne ito 
another^ it is now Whcflly gttien cnier. 

Hcere, that great Carradky wliidi Sir Frauncis Drah^ CarraeC 
fqrprlfed, in her returne Irom the Evft Indies, vnioded 
her frayght^ and through a ntgKgenc fyring, met with 
an vi)proper ending. 

In this townealfo dwetlrth one Or^i&a;g*,deafe irom a Grffi^> 
Jong time, who, bcfides his merry conceites, of couater•^ 
fcyiing by fignes (Uke tht Roraane PantomimiJ any 
kinde of occupation or exercife, hath a ftrange quality, 
to vnderftand what you fay, by Inarktng the mouing of 
yonr lips, Specially if yoM ^eakc dicKberately, of any or^ 
dinary matter, fo as (contrary to the rifles of mature, aiid 
yet without the helpe of arte) he can fee words as they 
pafle forth of your mouth : and of this I haue caufed 
him to giue often experiments. 

And if Plyny now lined, 7 fuppofe he would alSbofd a ^ charts 
roome, in his natural Hiftory, to a dogge of this town, ^**^^<r* 
who (as I haue learned by the faith&U report of mafter 
Thomas Parkins) vfed daily to fetch meate at his houfe 
there, and to carry the fame vnto a blinde maftilflfc, tiMt 
lay in a brake without the towne : yea, (that more is) 
hee would vpon 9undayes conduct him thither to dyn« 
ner, and, the meale ended, guide him back to his couck 
and couert againe. 

I had almofl: forgotten to tell you, that there i« a well 
in this towBc, whofe water will neuer boyle pealbn to a 
feafonable foftnes. 

At the foot of Saltaih, there abbutteth vpon the iea, a 
rock, c^MtdLjiJhtorre^ alias, "E^fes Torre^ which is inueJtod 4*^« 
with the iurifdidtion of a mannour, and claymeth the 
fliaes of many Gentlemen, as his freeholders in Knights 

G g feruicc* 



Tie, fluruey of Cornwall. 

fcruice. Below this, there is a rock on eche fide of the 

On^^^. riuer, the one termed the Bull, the other the Hen { that 
on Deuoni this on Cornwall G^A^i The Hen flandeth a little 
diftant from the (hore, which giueth occafion to a Packe, 
how between it and the land, the Queenes greateft (hip 
may faile ; but it is meant of the farther diftant.* 

Cmtgtuu. Aboue Saltafli, Cargrccn, a fiflicr towne, flbeweth it 
felfe, but can hardly mufter a meane plight of dwellings 
or dwellers : fo may their care be greene, becaufe their 
wealth is withered. 

cunQH. Neere thereunto is Clifton, a neat feated houfe, ap- 
pertayning to one of the Arundeh^ defcended by a yonger 
brother, from thofe of ^rerice : he maried H/7/, his fa- 
ther, Cole. 
Neither hath your eye fcarcely quitted that, when it 

Hali9K. I'cceiueth Halton, the pleafant and commodious dwelling 
ei lA. Anthony RoufCf both which benefits, he empleyeth to 
a kind & vninterrupted entertainment of fuch, as viiic 
him vpon his not ipare inuiting,or their owne occafions, 
who (without the felfe guilt of an vngratefuU wrong) 
mufl witnes, that his frankeneife confirmeth their wel- 
come, by whatfoeuer meancs, prouifion, the fewell of 
hofpitality, can in the bed maner fupply. His auncef- 
tours were Lords of little Modbury in Deuon, before the 
defcent of times grew to a diftinguifhmcnt, by the date 
of writings : which mannour, together with other 
lands, through a lineall fuccefHon, fell to be poiTefTed by 
Raphe^ WiL Raphe^ lohn^ WiL- Raphe^ and Raphe, whole 
daughter and heire Elizabeth, beflowed the fame,* with 

-i her felfe, vpon the family of the Dimocks. Robert, fecond 

fonne to the lafl mentioned Raphe, faue one, had i^Tue 
WUL who maried Alice, the daughter and heire ofTho. 

*Qf 



7%ti fieond Booh. • n^. 

of Edmerfton. WiL had another Wil. and hfe haS Lhn^ 
and lohn againe had Wil. This i^/7. had Roger, who 
vpon lulian, fifter and coheire of lohn Hill of Fleet, begat 
lohn and Richard, father to the Gentleman now liuing, 
and he matched with Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas 
Southcott, and one of the heireB to her mother, the 
daughter of Barnehoufe : befides which, he fucceeded to 
his vncle J^^/ri inheritance, who deceafed iffuelefle : and 
being yet Scarcely entred the limits of an healthfull olde 
age, feeth his pedigree extended into two farther de^ 
iceots. As for thole outreaching mans memory, I haue 
feene them very fufBciently verified : his Armes are, O. 
an Eagle difplayed B. pruning her wing, armed an(| lan-^ . . 
guedO. 

Vpon the top of a creek hereby, lyeth Crocadon, ihcCrKadom. 
manfion of M* Trekifa, a Gent, deriuing himfelfe from 
the ancient. and weldeferuing Chronicler of that name : 
he beareth G. a garbe O. - 

A mile aboue Halton, ftandeth Cuttayle, another c«//e;i^. 
houfe of M. Edgecumbs, io named (as wee may coniec-^ 
tiire) of the French Conrtaile, in Englifli, fhort cuts be-» 
cauie here, the fait water courfe is ftraightned, by the in« 
croching banks. The buildings are ancient, large, ftrong 
and fayre, and appurtenanced with the neceflaries of 
wood, water, fifhing, parks, and mils, with the deuotion 
of (in times pad) a rich furnithed Chappell, and with the 
charity of almes^houfes for certaine poore people, whom 
the owners vfed to releeue. It i& reported, &; credited 
thereabouts^ how Sir Rii. Edgecumb the. elder, was 
driuen to hide himfelf in thofe his thick woods, whkh. 
ouerlook the riuer, what timd being fufpeded of fauour- 
ing the Earle of I^ichmpnds party, againft King R. the. 
7. hee was hotely purfued, and narrowely fearched for. 

Gg2 Which 



Wftick kxtwmilLy taught him a fuddcn p^cy, to ptit * 
ftooe, ifl his cap» & tumble the fame into the water^ 
while diefe rangers were faft at his heeles, who ^ookiog 
4pwne after the aoyfe^ and feeing his cap fwimoung 
thereon, fiippoftd that he had defperately drowned hifa- 
felfe, gaoe outf their farther bipnting^. and left him li- 
berty to £hifi away, and fhip ouer into Brittaine : £or a 
graiefuH rememhranee of which deliuery, hee after* 
wardt bailded ia the place of his lurking^ a Chappellj. 
not yet vttierly decayed. 
VMgi$f And thus hailing coafted the Cioriir^. fide of P^Mr^ 
p/^ mmth, h»ieii» I hpld it not anufife* to make r^ort of 
mouth. Aich great voyagea^ ai, by ^e memory of oer Chronicles, 
or our owne view» from this harbour, tooke their begin-* 
' mag. or emting. 
1355. Heece doie neoer ioou^ cQmmended Mack Priaceg, 
atbendfid by the Ssdes of Warwck^ Suffolk, Buruhury^ 
and Oxford^ the Lord Chandos and others^ c<Hmmitted( 
himfclfe to the Tea, with a nauy of 300. botffims, for 
landtiig atid mainta^miiig his father^ right in Finance i andf 
hiihef, ifter hts.glomous battttll at Poi^rs, be eetarned^. 
wtik die oaptiue French King and his nobles. 
1501. Here, the X^td^y Jiatkirine^ daughter to the King of 
Spaiar«. and wife to our Princie^ Arthur, tooke land,, at 
hsc fisDfb artuiaU ia Ekig^nd. 
\toq. Heete. fluppedr l»mfclfe» tha Lord Darcy, fent by 
King H^ry the 8;. with a lufty crew of fbldiers, for that 
Peralmmds iuflr affiftmce, againft the Infidels : bat vfed 
by hiar as a ftale^ for the voHifl: conijueft of Cbridian 
Naman 

Heve, moflly, hane the troupa of aduenturefs, made 
their Sxndex.vmti^ fitf attempting, oewe difcoueries or 

inbabi--* 



iffhabitance?: 2t^yTho. Stukekigh forFforida, SUHumfrey 
Gi/Sert for Ncwfound-hnd, Sit Rick. Greynuile for Vir- 
ginca. Sir Martyn Probijhery and M^Acr T>auus^ for th« 
North- weft pflage, Sir W^^ur Raleigh for Guiana, &c. 
Here, Count Mengomery made forth, widi a more 
commendable meaning, then ableioicanes, or weli^ed^ 
ing eflFed, for relieving the hard befieged, and ibre dif- 
treiTed Rochellers. 

Here, Sir Fra. Drake firft ntsnditd ihe poiiic of tfcat 
Kquid Ikw, wherewith (as an emidator of ^e Smines^ 
glorie) he encompafled the world. 

Here, Mafter Candifk begaii to fecond . kim, with ^ 
like heroieall- ^irk, and fortunate fucccfie. 

Here, Dm Antonio, King of Portogail, the Earfes of 
Cumberland^ EJfex^ and -Notrnghim, the Lord Wanfen of 
t^e Stannerie9, Sir hhn Norrice^ Sir lokn Mamkifu (and 
who dfewhere, and not here ?) have euer accuAomed tO' 
cut fayle^ in carrying defiance, againft; thfe imapginarie new 
Monarch ; and heere ta caft anker^ vpcn their fetnme 
with (poyfc and honow. 

I omit the infinite fwarme qf fingle fltap^^ and pettie 
fleeter, dayly he^e manned out to the feme efl^dt. 

And here» in eightie eighty the forerenaembred Lord. 
Admtrall expend, and let forth, againft that heaura- 
threatning Armado» which> to bee tainted with the - * 
fhamefulier df%race, and to blaze our renoome with the 
brighter luftre, termed itfelfe, Inuincible. But I may 
not grow ouer-kfei«ious in extolling. 

King R. the 2. Anno 5. of his raigne, by AA of Par-- 
llamrent, reftrained all paffengers from 0iipf>tQg tbemiehies 
in any other Ports then fu<^ as »€ tbare fet down: of 
which Pfymmouth was otie. 

Q%% ' Frona. 



The Suruey of CorimalL 

From Plymmouth hauen» pafliog farther into the coun* 
OnggiM. trie» Hengfien do woe prefenteth his wafle head and fides 
to our fight. This name it borroweth oiHengJi^ which 
in the Saxon fignifieth. a horfe,.& to fuch leaft daintic 
heads it yeeldeth fitted pafture. The countrie people 
haue a by word, that, 

Hengfien downe, wellywrought^ 
Is worth London towne, deare y bought. 
Which grewe from the ftore of Tynne, in former 
times, there digged vp: but that gaipfull plentie is 
now fallen to a fcant-fauing fcarcitie. Thofe workes 
afford (lore of the formentioned Cornijh Diamonds. The 
neighbouring Inhabitants obferue alfo, that when the 
top of Hengfien^ is capped with a cloud, the fame boadeth 
a (howre within fhort time after. 

Roger Houeden reporteth, that about Anno 806. a 
fleete of Danes arriued in Wefl-wales, with whome the 
Welfti ioyned in infurredtion againil king Egiright, but 
hee glorioufly difcomfited them, at Hengiftendune, which 
I take to be this place (if at lead Weft- wales may, by 
interpretation, pafie for Cornwall) becaufe the other 
prouince, of that time^ is more commonly diuided into 
North and South. 
CmyhmU This down is edged by Carybullockf fome times a parke 
Uike. of the Dukes, but bed brooking that name, now it hath 
loft his qualitie, through exchaunging Deere for Bul« 
locke. 

A little afide from hence, lyeth Landwhitton^ now 
^^. Lawhittont which (as I haue elfe where noted) was cx- 
nM$i9n* empted vnto Edwulffhidtio^ of Creditune, from the 
Cornijb Diocefi^e, to which yet, both for the temporal- 
tie, and fpiritualtie, the fame oweth prefent fubiedion. 

Mary, 



Tie fecond Booh. 1 1 6 

Mary, into what new names Pontium & Coilleng there alfb 
mentioned^ are now metamorphized, I muft fay amplio. 

Thofc- buildings commonly knowne by the name of 
Launfton, and written Lanceflon, are by the Corntjhmen^ 
called Lejleeuan {Lez in Cornijh fignifieth broad^ & Lanapn. 
thofe are fcatteringly ereded) and were anciently termed 
Lanjiaphadony by interpretation, J. Stephens Church : 
they confift of two boroughs, Downeuet and Newport : 
that (perhaps fo called) of downe yeelding, at hauing a 
fleep hill : this, of his newer eredion. With them ioyne 
the parifhes of S. Thomas & S. Stephens. The pari(h 
Church of La[uncefton.itfelfe, fetcheth his title of dedi^ 
cation, from Mary Magdalen, whofe image is curiouily 
hewed in a fide of the wall, and the whole Church 
fayrely builded. 

The towne was firft founded (faith M. Hooker) by qq^^ 
Eadulphusy brother to Alpfius^ Duke of Deuon and Corn^ 
wally and by his being girded with a wall, argueth ia 
times paft to haue caried fome valew. 

A newe increafe of wealth, exprefieth it felfe in the 
Inhabitants late repayred and enlarged buildings. They 
are gouerned by a Maior, and his fcarlet-robde brethren, 
and reape benefit by their fay res and markets, and the 
County Affizcs. The Statute of 32. Henry 8. which 
tooke order touching Sandtuaries, endowed this towne 
with the priuiledge of one, but I find it not turned to 
any vfe. 

To the town there is adioynant in fit^, but fequeftred 
in iurifdidlion, an ancient Caftle, whofe fteepe rocky* 
footed Keepe, hath his top enuironed with a treble waU 
and in regard thereof, men fay, was called, Caflle terri- 
ble. The bafe court .comprifeth a decayed Chappell, a 

Gg4 large 



Pnhuik* 



The Suruty of Cormvall 

large hall, for holding the ihicc-Afilzefi, the Cooftablei 
dwetliftg houfe« and the comoioa Gaylc* 

AboDt '60. yeares paft^ there "were found certaine lea- 
ther Coynes in the Caftle waU, whofe /aire ftamp and 
ilroog ^bftance, till then refifted the aflault of tioie, as 
they would now of coiietoiifnefle« 

A little withoirt the towne, were foanded a Friery, 
and anno 1128. an Abbey, farthered by Reignald^tl^ 
ofCarnwsiJ^ 

' Aboof 2. anilefi diftant from Launce/ion, Penbeale man- 
flour coadeth the high way, claiming, the right oi ancieot 
demain, & fomdtimea appertaioing to theEarles of Hun^ 
tingibnh but punchafed not long Stfaence by the late M. 
Qearge Grshmi/e, vho de(cended from a yonger brother 
of that family, and through his learning and wifdooie^ 
mduanced hi^ credit to an efpedaH good regard in his 
Countrey. He maried lu/ioHf one of the (>. daughters 
and heiras of William Vitl: and lam^ ^e daughter to 
Bir lohn Arundel of Trerice. Rkhard his father tooke 
to wife, one ofKelwayes heires ; and Degory his graund- 
father, one of the inhtf itors to Tregarihen : which helps^ 
together with his owne good husbandry, ba|^ue endowed 
his fbnne with an elder brothers liudyhood : he bearetlil 
G. three Reftes O. 

in Lrzant pari/h heereby, raafter Chri/lopher Harris 
TncareL owjxeth :a thind part of Trecarell (the ^xo\e& and on* 
fet of a fumptuous building) as coheire to the laft Gen* 
tleman of that nanre, but admitteth no partner in the 
fweetly tempered mixture of bounty and thrift, grauitv 
and pleafantoes, ktndnefle and ftoutnes ; which grace all 
his aftions. Hee beareth Sa« three CroiiTants within a 
border jfl 

7 Neither 



: 7i5^ fecond Booke. 117 

Neither may wee forget Mafter Coringtons houfe of 
Newton, old to him by fucceffion, yet new, in refpcft iViw/#«. 
of his owne antiquitie : diners his aunceftors haue reap- 
ed the praife and reputation of a ftayed carriage, how* 
beit one of them, through his ra(h, but merrie prankes, 
is to this- day principally remembred, by the name of the 
mad Corington. I haue heard him deliuer an obferua* 
tion, that, in eight lineall defcents, no one borne heire 
of his houfe euer fucceeded to the land : hee beareth A. 
a Saultier Sa. 

Trebigh, a priuiledged franchife, is by his Lord, Ma- TreUgb. 
ftcr William Wray^ conuerted to a generall welcomer of 
his friends and neighbours: Hee married the daughter 
of Sir William Courtney: his father the coheireof Airy//- 
grew. Hee beareth Sa. a Fcflc betweeoe three battel- 
axes A. 

Poole^ for his low and mOTft feate, is not vnaptly nam- PW/. 
cd, houfeth Sir lonathan Trelawny^ farre beneath his 
worth & calling: he married Sir Henry Killigrews 
daughter : his father, the coheire of Reskimer : his 
graundfather Lamellyns Inheritrix. 

Poole ftandeth in Mynhinet pariih, where Sir lonathan 
hath a large priuiledged Mannour of the fame name : the 
Benefice is giucn by Exceftcr Colledge in Oxford, none 
but the fellowes admittable, wherethrough it hath fuc- 
ccfliuely bc'ene graced, with three well borne, well 
learned, and welbcloued Incumbents ; Doflior Tremayne^ 
Maftcr Billet^ and Mafter Denis. Out of Sir lonathans 
houfe is alfo defcended Maftcr Edward I'relawny^ a 
Gentleman qualified with many good parts. Theif 
armes arc A. a Chcuron, S. betwccne three Oke-leaues 
Fert. 

ti h JSundrie 



"The Suruey of CormoalL 

Sondrie other Gent, reft beholden to this hundred^ 
for their dwelliDgs, who, in an enu table mediocritie of 
fortune, do happilie poiTefle themfelues, and communis 
cate their Efficient aieans to the feruice of their prince,. 
the gpod of their neiehbours, and the bettering of their 
ownc cftate : of whicn fort are, M. Btcket^ who bearcth 
jS. aFeilCf betweenc three Boares heads coped, fixe CrofTes 
croflelet Ficbee. 0. M. Tregodecke^ who beareth A. a^ 
Cheuron betweene three Buckles iS. M. Spurre^ G. on a 
Cheuron O. a rofe of the firft, and 2. mullets pearced S^ 
M. B/igA^ B. a Griffon fegreant O. armed G. betweene 3. 
CroiiTants^^ M. Lower ^ B. a Cheuron engrayled O. be- 
Mreene three Rofes^. M. T^rtuifa G. a garb 0/M. Chiuer^ 
ton A. a CaiUe iSL (landing on a hill V. Manaton, A. on a^ 
Bend & three mullets of the field,, and fome others* 



s 



Stratton Hundreds 

I Tratton Hundred extendeth the breadth of Carrie- 

wal/^ to the Nortfat as that of Eaft beginneth it on 

the South,, and therefore it (hall next fucceede. Hi& 
circuit is (lender, but his fruitfulneffe great,, and the In- 
habitants induftrie commendable, who reape a large be- 
nefit from thei^ orchyards and gardens, but efpecially. 
from their Garlick (the Countreymans Triacle) which* 
they vent, not onely into Cornwall^ but many other 
(hires befides. 
Srrait$9:. Stratton^ the onely market towne of this Hundred,, 
gaue the fame his name, and (if I miftake not) taketh it 
from Strata J a (Ireet: other memorable matter to report/ 
thereof, I finde not, any. 

Vpon one fide, of the towne^ lyeth mafter diamonds 
4^ houfe 



Tie Jecond Booh. 1 1 8 

lioufe and place of Launctk^ fo called> for that it was UnctU. 
ibmctimes a Cell> appertaioing to the Abbot of Hart^ 
iond. 

Thk Centlemans father, lat^ deceafed, receiued at 
Gods hands* an extraordinary faoour* of long life. 

Hee (erued in the office of a laftice of peace* almoft 
60. yeeres. 

He knew aboue 50^ feuerall ludges of die wefterne 
circuit. 

He was vncle* and great vncle to at lead 300. where- 
in yet, his vncle and neighbour, mafter GreynuUe^ par^^ 
fon of Kilkhampton> did exceed him. 

He married one of the daughters and heires of 7r^- 
uenner, and by her faw fiue fonnes, and two daughters* 
the yongeft out-ftepping 40. yeeres. 

Sir lohrt Chamond his father, a man learned in the com- 
mon lawee, was knighted at the Sepulchre, and by dame 
lanCf widdowe to Sir lohn ArundeU of Trerice, and 
daughter to Sir Thomas Greynui/e, had an elder fonne 
call^ Thomas, whofe two daughters, and heires, by 
Arfcot^ caried part of the lands, to Tripcony, and Tre^ 
uanion, with whome they matched. 

Mafter C^^mm^ beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. 
flowers de Luce : G. 

In Launcels pari(hj alfo, ftandeth Norton, the houfe of ffirm. 
M. TriJiramArfcotf a Gent, who by his trauliling abroad 
in his yonger yeres, hath* the better enabled himfelfei to 
difcharge- his calling<at home. He tooke to wife Bulalia, 
the widdow of the wife, and vcrtaous M. Bdmnd*Tre^ 
mayne^ and daughter of Sir lohn Sentlegerf whofe ftately 
houfe of Anery, in Deuon, He purchafed, (to thither hath 
lately remoued his refidence 5 he beareth party per Chc-^ 
uron B. et E. in chiefe two ftagges heads cabafed O. 

H h 2 Vpon 



*tbe Suruey of Cprmoali 

Stwi Vpon the North-fca, thereby, bordereth Stow, {o 

fingly called. Per emnentiam, as a place vof gfeat and 
good marke & fcope, and the auncient dwelling of the 
' Greynuiles famous family, from whence are iffued diuers 
male branches, and whether the females haue brought 
in a verie populous kindred. Matter Bernard Greinuile^ 
fonne and heire to Sir Richard^ is the prefent owner*, 
and in a kind magnanimitie, treadeth the honourable 
fleps oi his aunceftours. 

Zfuuumh. Tonacumb, late the houfe of Mafter lohn Kempthorne^ 
alias, Lea^ who married Katherine^ the daughter of Sir 
Peers Courtney ^ is, by his iffuelcffe deceafe, defcended to 
his brothers fonne :. he beareth A. three Pine-apple 
trees V. 

BBde. Returning to the Weftwards, wee mecte with Bude^ 

an open fandie Bay, in whofe mouth rifeth a little hill, 
by euerie fea-floud made an Hand, and thereon, a dei? 
cayed Chappell : it fpareth roade onely to fuch fmall 
flipping, as bring their tide with them, and leaueth 
them drie, when the ebbe hath carried away the Salt- 
water. 

Vpon one fide hereof. Mailer Aruniel of Trerice, 
p'oiTefietb a plea(ant-feated houfe, and demaines, called 

IfirJ. EfFord, aliaSf Ebbingford, and that not viiproperly, be* 
caufe euerie low water, there affordeth paflage to the 
other fhore : . but now it may take a new name, for hi^^ 
better plight : for this Gentleman hath, to his great 
charges, builded a Salt**- water oiill, athwart this Bay,, 
whole caufey ferueth, as a verie conuenient bridge, tOr 
iaue the wayrfarers former trouble, let, and daunger. It 
is receiued by tradition^ that his belfire. Sir lohn, 
ArundeU was forewarned, by a wot not what Calker. . 

how* 



Tie fecond Booh. 1 19 

Bow he {hould .bee flaine on the fands. For auoyding 
which encounter» hee alwaies fhunned EflFord, & dwelt 
at Trerice, another of his houfes.. ,But, as the prouerb 
iayth, Fata viam inuenient, and as experience teacheth 
uirfns curiofity, Fato vramjlernit. It hapned, that what 
time the Earle of Oxford furprizcd S. Michaels mount 
by policy, and kept the fame by flrong hand, this. Sir 
lohn Arundel was Sherife of Cornwall^ wherethrough^ 
vpon duety of his office, and commaundement from 
the Prince, hee marched tMixhtv ^ viixh pojfe Pamitatusi 
to beiiege it, and there, in a Skirmiih on the fands, which 
deuide the mount from the continent, he fulfilled the 
effed: of the prophecy, with the lofTe of his life, and in 
the faid mounts Chappell lieth buried. 

So Cambifes lighted on Ecbatanaxn Egypt, and Alex^ 
ander Epiroty on Acheron in. Italy, to bring them to their 
end. So Fhillp. of Macedon, and Atis the fonne of* 
Crcefusy found a chariot in a fwords hilt, and an Iron 
poynted weapon at the. hunting of a Bore, to delude their 
preuentiue wearinefle. %o Amilcar fupped in Siracufa,c 
& the Prince of Wales ware a Crown thorow Cheapiide, 
in another fort and fenfe then they imagined, or defired.- 
And fo Pope GereAerf yMnd our king. fl. the 4* trauaiied 
no farther, for meeting their fatal Hierufalem, then the 
one to a Chappell in Rome, the other to a chamber in > 
Weftminftcr, 

S. Marie Wike ftandethin ti fruitful! foyle, skirted J;.^^'-^^ 
with a moore,^ courfc for pafture, and combrous for tra- Fer^- 
uellers. Wic^ by matter Lambert^ fignifieth a towne : by ^!!^^'** . 
maftcr Camderiy StattQuem^ vil Sinum, ubi exercitus agit. SandLub. 
This village was the birth-place of TChomafine Bonauen^^''^^'^^'' 
ture^ I know not, whether by delcent, or cuent, fo called : Bon^^ - 

Hh3 for 



twrt. 



'Tjbe Suruey of Cormodtl. 

rfor whiks in her girlilh age (he kept fheepe on the fore- 
remembred moore, it chanced, that a London marchant 
paffing by, iaw her, heeded her, liked her, begged her 
of her poore parents, and carried her to his home. In 
procefle of tim^, her miilres was fummoned by death to 
appeare in the other world, and her good thewes, no 
lefTe then her feemely perfonage, fo much contented her 
mafter, that he aduanced her fronv a feruant to a wife, 
and left her a wealthy widdow. Her fecond mafiage 
befell with one Henry Gall: her third and laft, with Sir 
lohn Perciual, Lord Maior of London, whom (be al(b 
ouerliued. And to (hew, that vertue as well bare a part 
in the deiert, as fortune in the misanes of her prefer- 
ment, (he employed the whole refidue of her life and 
k(l widdowhopd, to works no lefle bountifiill, then cha- 
ritable : namely, repay ring of high waies, building of 
bridges, endowing of maydens, relieuing of prifoners, ' 
feedmg and apparelling the poor* 6cc. Amongft the 
reft, at this S. Mary Wtke^ (he fodnded a Chauntery and 
free^ichoole, together with faire lodgings, for the 
Schoolemafters, (choUers, and officers, and added twenty 
pound of yeerely reuennue, for fupporting the incident 
charges : wherein as the bent of her defire was holy, fo 
God bleiTed the faove with al wiflied fucceiTe : for diners 
the beft Gent% (bnnes of Deuon ^nd Cornwall vfcrc thtte 
vertuoufly trained vp, in both kinds of diuine and hu« 
mane learning, vnder one Cholwel, an honeft and religious 
teacher, which caufed the neighbours fo much the. ra- 
ther, and the more to rewe, that a petty fmacke onely of 
Popery, opened a gap to the oppreflion of the whole, 
by the (latute jxiade in EJw. the 6. raigne, touching the 
iuppreffion of Chaunteries. 

Such 



lie Jecond Bddke. 120 

Such Grange accidents of exitradrdiriary Adoafitetriehts^ 
ate verified by the ample teftimbhie bf many hiftbries, 
and, amongft the rfeft, we read in Machiaue/I (hoVirbfeit 
controuled by the often reproucd Iwius) that C^rbccio 
Cajiracani cYimtA frohi a bafer birth j to a farre higher 
cftate. For being begotten ih Lucca, by vhkhowhc pa- 
itnts, and caft out, iii his fwadling clouts, to the Wide 
ifrorld, he was takch vp by a widdowej placeci by Bfer 
With a Clergy man her brother, giueh by him to a Gisht.. 
ealled Francefco Gttinigi, arid by Guinigl left tutor tb his 
bnely fonne. From which ft6p, his couragfe and Ti^ife- 
dome rayfed him by degrees, to the foueraignty of Lueca^ 
the Senatorftiip of Rome, the fpeclall fauour bf the Eoi- . 
perour, and a ndcrri hope (only By deddi preuehtB^) of: 
fiibduing Florence; 

Leffi&mtb Hundred: 

L'SfneWith Hundred taketh his nimtf of a-piflti<l«ere-' 
in (as Strattoti doth of a towtie) liiimordbte for ho- 
thing fclfc. It liiay he dcriutd, either from Z/W, Whibh 
in C^r/T^^gnlficth broad, and ntwitk; whJcfi is iit#, asf^ 
a new brdadth, becaufe itehlargeth his liniifs farther in-' 
10 Cornwall on bbth fides, whereis StHtton is ftraighf* 
ned on the otie by Deuon : or from LeszftA gnvith, yfi^hith^ 
iniporteth broad Afheh trees, g, for Euphifmas £ik€ \kUig 
turned into n. 

The firft place which hfcere bffteth itfdfc to %Kti fs Bktfnmix 
Bottreaux Caftlc,-feated- on i bad harBotrr of the North ^'^'^ 
fta, & fuburbed with a poore market town, yet entitling 
the owner in times paft, with the ftile of a Baron, ffem 
whomi by match it defended to the L. Hun^erfifrHibi 

Hh4 rcftcth 



Tie Suruey of 'Cornwall. 

ttefteth in the Earle of Huntingdon. The diuerfified 
roomes of a prifon, in the Caftle^ for both fexes, better 
preferued by the Inhabitants memorie, then defcerneable 
by their owne endurance^ (hew the fame» heeretofore to 
haue exercifed fome large iurifdi(Slion. 
TiMUiil. Not farrc from thence, Tintogel, more famous for his 
antiquite, then regardable for his prefent eftate, ab- 
butteth likewife on the fea 3 yet the ruines argue it, to 
haue beene once, no vnworthie dwelling for the Cornijb 
princes. The cyment wherewith the ftones were layd, 
refifteth the fretting furie of the weather, better then 
themfelues. Halfe the buildings were raifed on the 
continent, and the other halfe on an Hand, continued 
together (within mens remembrance) by a drawe- 
bridge, but now diuorced, by the downefalne fleepe 
Cliii^s, on the farther fide, which, though it (hut out the 
fea from his wonted recourfe, hath yet more ftrengthen- 
ed ^the late Hand : for, in pailing thither, you muft firft 
deA:en4: with a dangerous declyning, and then qtiake a 
wprfe afcent, by a path, as euerie where narrow, fo in 
many places, through his flicklenefTe occafioningi and 
through his fteepnefle threatning, the ruine of your 
life, with the' failing of your foore. At the top, two, 
or three terrifying fteps, giue you entrance to the hill, 
which fupplieth pafture for (keepe, and conyes : Vpon 
the fame, I faw, a decayed Chappell, a faire fprihg of 
water, a Caue, reaching once, by my guides rcpprt, fome 
farre.way vnder ground, and (which you will per- 
haps fufpedt of vntruth) an Hermites graue, hewen 
out in the rocke, and feruing each bodies proportion 
ibr a buriall. But, if that in Wales carrie an eq^all veri- 
li^j^the myracle will foone reape credite : for this is fo 

floped 



"% fecond BmU^ 121 

Hoped inwards at both ends, that any tall ftamre (hal find 
toome by a little bendingi as the (hort in the bottome 
by extending. 

The fardcft poynt of this hill, is called Black head, Blaik- 
well knowne to the coafting Mariners. The high diiTs ^'^^ 
are by fea vnacceflible round abouts, faaing in one only 
place, towards the Eaft, where theypro&r an vneafie 
landing place for boats, which being renced with a gar- 
retted wall, admitteth entrance thorow a gate, ibme^ 
1^ times of yron, as the name yet comiaoing, exprefleth# 

and is within prefently comoiatmddd hy a hardljr clym-» 
ed hill. Vnder the Hand runnes a xsme, thorow which 
you may rowe at ful fea, but not wichoot a kinde of 
, horrour, at the uncouthneiTe of the place* M. Camdm 
deliuereth vs thefe verfes out of an olde Poet, touching 
Tintogel. 

EJi locus Abrinijinuofo Uttore ponti, 
Rupejitus mediae refluus quern circuit ajitu. 
Fulminat hie lati^ turrito vertice Caftrum^ 
Nomine fTindagium^ veterei dixit e Corint. 

Which import in Engli0i : 
There is a place within the wind- 
ing {hore of Seueroe fea. 
On mids of rock, about whofe foote^ 
The tydes turne-keeping play : 
I A towry-topped CafUe heere, 

wide blazeth ouer all. 
Which Corineus auncient broode^ 
VCindagel Caftle call. 

It is not layd vp amongft the leafl; vaunts of this 
Caftle, that our victorious Arthur was here begotten by 
the valiant Vttr Pendragon^ vpon the fayre Jgema, and 

li ihit 



Tlfe/Suruey of Cornwall. 

that without taynt of baftardy, fay th Merlyn^ bccaufe her 
husband dyed feme houres before. 

Of later times» Tintogel hath kept long filence in our 
Aories, vntill H. the 3. raignCf at which time {\iy Mat. 
Paris report) his brother^ Earle Ri. grew into obloquy for 
priuy receyuing there^ & abbetting, his nephew DauiJ, 
againft the King. After which, being turned from a Palace 
8.12. 2. to a prifon, it retrained one loAn Northamptons libertie* 
who for abuiing the faaaey in his vnruly Maioralty of 
London, was condemned hither, as a perpetuall Peniten- 
eiary. A fee of ancienty belonging to this Caftle, was can* 
teUed as vnnecefTary, by the late L. Treafurer Burleigh. 

One coHe£ting the wonders of Corn wall» rimed touch* 
ing this, as followeth : 

Tintogel in his mines vauntes. 
Sometimes the feate of Kings, 
And place which worthy Arthur bred, 

Whofe prayfe the Breton fings, 
A bridge thefe buildings ioynd^ whpm now 

The fallen clifs diuorce. 
Yet ftrength'ncd fo, the more it fcornca 

Foes vayne attempting force* ^ 

There, caue aboue> entric admits,, 

But thorowfare denies \ 
Where that beneath alloweth both,. 

In fafe, but ghaftly wife. 
A Spring there wets his head^ his foote 

A gate of Iron gardes : 
There meafure due to eche ones length. 

The Hermits graue awards. 

IN the mids of the wilde moores of this Hundred, far 
from 



l%e fecond Booke. 122 

from any dwelling or riaer» there lyeth a great ftanding 
water, called Dofmery pooIe, about a mile or better in D0/mtfy 
compaffe, fed by no perceyued fpring, neither bailing P^^^^* 
any auoydance» vntill (of late) certaine Tynners brought 
an Audit therefrom. The countrey people held many 
ftrange conceits of this poole 5 as^ that it did ebbe & 
4ow, that it had a whirle-poole in the midft thereof, 
and, that a fagot once throwne thereinto, was taken vp 
at Foy hauen, 6. miles diftant. Wherefore, to try what 
truth refted in thefe reports, fome Gent, dwelling not 
farre off, caufed a boate and nets to be carried thither 
ouer land. Fifh they caught none, faue a fewe Eeles 
vpon hookes : the poole prooued no where pad a fa* 
thome and halfe deepe, and for a great way very fhal« 
low. Touching the opinion of ebbing and flowing, it 
fliould feeme to bee grounded, partly vpon the increafe, 
which the raine floods brought thereinto from the bor- 
dering hils (which perhaps gaue alfo the name ; for Poz^ 
is, come, and/»j£rr, great) and the decreafe, occafioned 
by the next drowth, and partly, for that the windes doe 
driue the waues to and fro, vpon thofe fandie bankes : 
and thus the miracle of Dofmery poole deceafed. Of this 
other wonder hee fayd, 
Dofmery poole amid the mooreSf 

On top ftands of a hilU 
More then a mile about ^ nofireames 

It emptf nor any fill. 

Camelford, a market and Fayre (but not faire) towne,. Camtlfiri. 
fetcheth his deriuation from the riuer Camel, which run- 
neth thorow it, and that, from the Cornifh word Cam^ in 
Engliih, crooked, zsCam, from the often winding dream. 
The fame is incorporated wi'th a Maioralty, & nameth 
Burgefles to the Parliaixient, yet ileppeth little before the 

I i 2 meaneft 



The Sttrtuy of Cotmoall 

meaBeft fort of Boffougbs, for Aofc of lohabitaMH or die 
Inbftbitants ftoro. 

C2C. Vpon the riucr of CantU neere to Catnelford, was 

^* that kft MbdoIX battel ftrookeo bctweeoe the noble king 
Arthur^ and his treacherous nephew Mm^dredy wherein 
the one took his death, and the other his deaths wotind. 
For teftimony whereof, the olde fdke thereabouts will 
ftew you a flone, bearing Arthurs naaie> though now 
depraned to Atry. 

Mafter Camden letteth vs vnderftand, that this towne 
is fometimes termed GaiSelford : wherethrough we noay 
raarke it for the liAs of a great fight betweene the Bre«« 

8 1 2. tons & Deuonjbire men, which Houeden afligneth ta 
haue bene darrayned at Gauelford, and perhaps the 
iame, which the faid Mafter Camden voucheth out oi 

o2o. Marianus Scotus, and defcribeth by tbe& veries of an el- 
der Poet : 



'Naturam Cambala fontis^ 



Mutatamjiupet efefuu tranfcendit inundan^ 
Sanguineus torrens rtpas^ .& duett in eequor 
Corpora caforum^ plures natare videres^ 
Et petere auxihum, quos vndis vita reSquit. 

The riuer Camel wonders, that 

His fountaines nature fhowes 
So ftrange a change, the bloody ftreaoM 

Vpfwelling oaerflowes 
I£s both fide banks, and to the fea 

The ilaughtered bodies beares : 
FuU many ^imme, and fue for a3rde> 

While waue their life outweares. 

In ouc forefathers daies» when deuotion as much ex-» 

ceeded 



Tie fesoni Booke. 1 2 j 

ceeded knowledgei aa knowledge now commeth ^ort 
of devotion, there were many bownening places, for 
caring of mad men, and amongft the reft, one at Alter- 
nunne in this Hundred, called &. Nunnes pooIe, vihic]\S. Numu* 
Saints Altar (it may be) hy pars pro totOy gaue name to'^'*' 
the Chorch : and becaufe the maner of this bowilening 
is not fo vnpleafing to heare, as it was vneafie to fecle, I 
wil (if you pleafe) defioer you the pra€tife, as I receyued 
it from the beholders. 

The water running from S. Nunnes well, fell into a 
fquare and clofe waHed plot, which might bee filled ae 
what depth they lifted. Vpon this wall was the fran« 
ticke perfon fet to ftand, his backe towards the poole^ 
and from thence with a fiiddcn blow in the breft, tum- 
bled headlong into the pond : where a ftrong fellowe^ 
provided for the nonce, tooke him, and tofted him vp 
and downc, alongft and athwart the water, vntill the pa- 
tient, by forgoing his ftrengtb, had fomewhat forgot his 
fury. Then was hee conueyed to the Church, and cer- 
taine Mafles fung ouer him; vpon which handling, if 
his right wits returned, S. Nunne had the thanks : but if 
there appeared finall amendment, he was bowftened 
againe, and againe, while there remayned in him any 
hope of life, for recouery. 

It may be, this deuice tooke original from that mafter SdUmp^ 
of Bcdlcm, who (the fable faith) vfed to cure his pa- f^^^^'^ 
tients of that impatience, by keeping them bound in 
pooles, vp to tile middle^ and fo more or leUe, after the 
fit of their fury, 

li\ Trigge 



The Suruey of Cornwall 

Trigge Hundred. 

THe name of Trig, in Cornijh^ fignifieth an Inhabitant; 
howbeit, this Hundred cannot vaunt any ouer-large 
fcope^ or extraordinary plenty of dwellings : his chiefs 
towne is Bodmyn j in CorniJIj^ Bos venna, commonly term- 
ed Bodman, which (by illufion, if not Etimology) a man 
might, not vnaptly, turne into Badham : for of all the 
townes in Cornwall^ I holde none more healthfully feat* 
ed, then Saltaifh, or more contagioufly, then this. It con- 
fifteth wholly (in a mancr) of one ftreet^ leading Eaft and 
Weft, wclnccre the fpacc of an Eafternc mile, whofe South, 
fide is hidden from the Sunne, by an high hill, fo neerely 
coafting it in moft places, as. neither can light haue 
entrance to their ftaires, nor open ay re to their other 
roomes. Their back houfes, of more necelTary, then 
cleanly feruice, as kitchins, ftables, &c. are clymed vp 
vnto by fteps, and their filth by euery great fhowre, wafh- 
ed downe thorow their houfes into the ftreetes« 

The other fide is alfo ouerlooked by a great bill,. though 
fomewhat farther diftant : and for a Corollarium^ their 
Conduit water runneth thorow the Churchyard, the or- 
dinary place of buriall, for towne and parifh. It breedeth 
therefore little caufe of maruaile, that euery generall 
infedion is here firft admitted, & laft excluded : yet the 
many decayed houfes, proue the towne to haue bene 
once very populous ; and, in that refpeft, it may ftil 
retaine the precedence, as fupported by a weekly market, 
the greateft of Cornwall, the quarter Seffions for the 
Eaft diuifion, and halfe yeerely faires. The iurifdidlion 
thereof is adminiftred by a Maior and his brethren, and 

vpon 



The fecond Booh. i ?4 

vpon warrant of their Charter, they claime authoritie, to 
take acknowledgment of ftatute bonds. 

In former times, the Biftiop of Cornwall (as I haue 
clfewherc related) held his See at 5. Fetroos^ in this 
towne, vntill the Danifli pirats, firing their Palace, fore- 981. 
cd them to remouc the fame, with their refidence, vnto 
jS. Germans. They were fucceeded by a Priory, and 
Friery; which later, ferued a while as a houfc of correc- 
tion, for the (hire, but with greater charge, then benefit, 
or continuance. 

For other accidents, I find, that Perkyn Warbecke, li.H.^. 
after his landing in the Weft parts of Cornwatt, made ^^^^'^* 
this towne the Rendez vous of his aflcmbling forces, for 
atchieuing his, alike deferuing, and ipeeding enterprife 
againft King Henry the feuenth. 

Hither, alfo, in the laft commotion, flocked the Re- ^.Ed.6. 
bels, from all quarters of the (hire, pitching their campe 
at the townes end ; and here they imprifoned fuch Gen- 
tlemen, as they had plucked out of their holes, and 
houfcs, vntill the fortune of warrc gauc verdit with the 
right of iuftice, for their well dcferued cuill fpced- 
ihg. 

S\t Anthony Ksngjion^ thtn Prouoft-marihall of the ^'>^*'*«!f 
Kings armie, hath left his name more memorable, then '"<^'*" 
commendable amongft the townfemen, for caufing their 
Maior to creft a galtowes before his owne doore, vpon 
which, (after hauing feafted Sir Anthony J bimfelfe was 
hanged. 

In like fort (fay they) he trufled vp a millers man, 
thereby, for that he prefcnted himfelfc in the others 
fteady faying he could neuer do his mafter better fer- 
uice. ^ • 

Ii4 But 



Tie Survey of CormoalL 

But mens tongues^ rcadiFy inclined to the worft rc- 
portSy haue left out a part of the truth, in this tale, that 
the reft might carrie the better grace. For Sir Anthony 
did nothing herein, as a ludge by difcretion, but as 
an officer by dircftion ; and bcfides, hce gaue the Maior 
fufficient watchwordes of timely warning, & large 
fpaceof refpite (more then which, in regard of his ownc 
periil, he could not afford) to {Lift for fafcty, if an 
vnefchewable deftiny, had not haltered him to that ad- 
uancement. As for the millers man, he equalled his 
mailer, in their conunon offeooe of rebellionj and there- 
fore it dcferued the praife of mercy, to fpare one of the 
two, and not the blame of cruelticj to hang one for 
another. 
^^^^ I (hould perhaps haue forgotten the free fchoole here, 

-^ ' insttntayned by her Maieflies liberalitie, were I not put 
in mind thereof through a fore-halfening of this rebels 
lion, by an a£tion of the fchoUerSj which I will report 
ChiUriw from fome of their owne mouthes. About a yeere be- 
fwTibaU fQjg t|jj5 ilorre was rayfed, the fchollers, who accuflom* 
%mt^e{ ably diuide themfelues, for better exploiting their paf- 
times, grew therethrough into two fadions; the one 
whereof, they called the olde religion ; the other, the 
new. This once begunne, was profecuted amongft theoi 
in all exercifes, and, now and then, handled with fome 
egerneife and roughnes, each partie knowing, and fUU 
keeping the fame companions, and Captaine. At laft 
one of the boyes, conuerted the fpill of an old candle* 
fllcLe to a gunne» charged it with powder and a (lone, 
and (through mifchance, or vngracioufneife) therewith 
killed a calfe : whereupon, the owner complayned, the 
mailer whipped, and the diuiiion ended. 

I By 



71>e fecond Booh. 1 25 

By fuch tokens, fometimes wonderful!, fometimes rU 
diculous, doth God at bis pleafure, forefhewe future ac- 
cidents : as in the Planets, before the battell at Thrafi- u^i^^^, 
menus, betweene Hannibal and the Romanes,* by the 
fighting together of the Sunne and Moone. In birds, rd.Max. 
what time Brute brought forth the remnant of his army 
at Philippi, againft 'Cajar and Anthony^ by the furious 
bickering betweene two Eagles. In men, againft the de- hfiphus. 
ftrudtion of Hierufalem, by the eucountring of Chariots 
and armies in the ay re. And 'before Alexanders battel ^Uaanh. 
with Darius ; firft, by a cafual skirmiih of the camp- ^l^' 
ftraglers, vnder two Captaines, borrowing the names of 
thofe Princes ; and then by Alexanders voluntary fetting 
thofe Captafties to a fingle combat* 'Yea (to bring tbefe 
examples neererfaome) the like hath hapned both before 
and fithence, araongft bo^es in other places. 

When Cafar was departed from Rome, to try the title Dim 
ofthe worlds EmpirewithP^/«rf^, the towneboyes (with- ^«^- 
out any mans commaund) parted in twayne : the one fide 
calling themfelues Pompeyans, the other Csefarians \ and 
then darrayning a kinde of battell (but without Armes) 
the Caefarians got the ouerhand. 

A like prank vnder the like affumcd names, and with Um, 
like fuccefle and boding, they plaied, when OEiauius and 
Anthony were, with like meanes, to decide the like So- 
ueraignty. 

And to the fame purpofe, Procopius afHrmeth, that the z># he!k 
Samnite boycs, when they draue their cattel to feeding, ^^'« ^* 
after their vfual maner of paftime, cbofe out amongfl: ''^"^' 
themfeluee, two of the beft aftiuity and feemelinefie ; 
the one, they named iJ^//^mj,.Generall for lufiinian the 
Emperour in Italy, the other Vitiges king of the Gothes, 

K k againft 



77)6 Suruey of Cornwall. 

againft xvhomc hce warred. In the buckling of thefe 
counterfeite Commaundcrs, it fell out, that Vitiges had 
the worft, whomc the aducrfc party with a ieding and 
craking maner, hanged vp at the next tree, in earneft, 
but yet with no intent to kill him. 

This while it happens, that a Woolfe is defcryed : 
away runne the boyes : faft abides the imaginary Fe* 
Ion, and fo faft, that for want of timely refcouie, the 
breath poafted out of his body, and left the fame a 
liuelelfe carkafe. The which notifyfd to the Sam- 
nites, quitted the ftriplings (or flipftrings) of their 
punifliment, but cncreafcd the difmay of the elder 
people. 

A like accident befell fithence, hy teftimony of the 
ceremonious ^exera^ as a prefage of Lewes the prince of 
Condyes de^th, 1 569. Fourb dates before which, at 
Xaintcs, the youth of all forts, from 9. to 22.. ycres age, 
aflembled, and (of their owne accord) chofe two Com'^ 
maunders, one they entitled the Prince of Condy, tho 
other Mounjieur^ who then lay in the field againft him. 
For three dayes fpace, they violently affaulted each other, 
with ilones, clubs, and other weapons, vntill at laft it 
grewc to Piftoles : by one of which, the imaginary Prince 
receiued a quelling wound in his head, about 10. a clock 
in the morning : the very howre (faith this Portugall 
confefTour) that the Prince himfelfe, by a like (hot was^ 
£[aughtered« 

The fame authour vouched a (emblable chaunce,. 
fomewhat before the fiege of Rochcll 1572. whcre,^ 
fome of the boyes banded themfelues, as for the Maior, 
and others for the King ; who after 6. dayes ^kirmiihing, 
^t laft made a compoiition, and departed : even as that 

fiege 



The fecond Booke. 1 26. 

ficge endured fixe monethst and finally brake vp in a 
peace. 

* So doth MtrcuruLS GaUobelgicus giue vs to wit, that in 
the ycerc 1 594. a Turkifh Beglerbey of Greece, either 
feeking by a k)re-conie£ture, to be afcertained himfelfe, 
or defirous to nufle the yonger fort in martiall exployts, 
led out of jilba Regalis^ about 6oo. Turkiih boyes, aged 
bctwcene 1 1. and 14. yecrcs, and fcucrcd them. into two 
troups, terming the one. The Chriflian, the other. The 
Turkiib batalion. Thofe, he directed to call vpon Jkfus^ 
thefe, vpon Hala : both parts he enioyned to bicker co- 
ragioufly, and egged them onward with the enticement 
of rewards. The token is giuen, the forces encounter, 
the iight is hote. In the end, the Turks b^ake them*- 
felues to their heeles, and Icfus party carry eth away the 
vi£lory. But fuch occurrents do not alwayes either fore- 
goe, orforefignifie ; for fometimes they fall out idle, and 
fometimes not at all. Howbcit, Nicetas Choniates taketh 
it very vnkindly, that God woud not fpare fome watch** 
word out of his prefcience, to the Conftantinopolit^nes, 
what time Baldwyn Earle of Flaunders and others, firft 
afiifted, and then conquered their Citie. 

Touching Feall the McrcurialiA, 1 haue fpoken in my 
former booke. 

The yoathlyer fort of Bodmyn townfmen vfe fome« 
times to fport themfelues, by playing the box with Gran- 
gers, whome they fummon to Halgauer. The name ludgoMtr. 
fignifieth the Goats moore, and fuch a place it is, lying a 
little without the towne, and very full of quauemires. 
When thefe mates meet with any rawe feruingman, 
or other young mailer, who may ferue and deferue to 
make paflime, thty cauie him to be iblemnely arreiled, 

K k 2 for 



Tibe Suruey of Cornwall. 

for his appearance before the Maior of Halgauery where 
he is charged with wearing one fpurrc, or going vntruf* 
iedt or wanting a girdle, or fome fuch like felony : and 
after he hath beene arraygned and tryed, with all re*- 
quifite circumftances, iudgement is giuen in formal 
termeSt and executed in ibme one vngracious pranke or 
other, more to the skorne, then hurt of the party con- 
demned. 

Hence is fprung the prouerb,. when we fee one Ilouen*- 
ly appareled, to fay. He (hall be prefented in Halgauer 
Court. 

But now and then, they extend this merriment with 
the largeft, to the preiudice of ouer-credulous people, 
perfwading them to fight with a Dragon lurking in Hal>- 
gauer, or to fee fome ftrange matter there : which con^ 
cludeth at lea(V, with a trayning them into the mire. 

Within fhort fpace after the great fame difperfed, 
touching the rare ef&ds of Warwickflure wels, fome idle 
enuidus head rayfed a bruie, that there reded no lefie 
vertue (forfooth) for healing all difeafes, in a plentifuU 
Scarkt %ring, neere vnto Bodmyn, called Scarlets well : which 
«v& report grew fo farre, and fo faft, that folke ranne flock* 
ing thither in huge numbers,^from aH quarters. But 
the neighbour luftices, finding the abufe, and looking 
into the con&quence^ forbad the refort, fequeftred the 
ipring,. and iuppre£ed the miracle. Howbeit, the water 
fhould feeme to be healthfull, if not helpfull :. for it .re« 
taineth this extraordinary quality, that the fame is waigh- 
tier, then the ordinary of his kinde, and will continue 
the heft part of a yeere, without alteration of fent or 
taii:e ; bnely you (hall fee it reprefent many colours, like 
the Raine-bowe, which (in oiy conceite) arg.ueth a run- 
ning 



/ 



Tie fecond Booh. i ij 

ning thorow fome minerall veine, and therewitball a 
poffcfling of fome vertue. 

Afide from this towne, towards jthe North fea, ex- 
tendeth a fruitful! veine of land, comprizing ccrtayne 
parifhes, which fcrueth better then any other place in 
Cornwall for Winter feeding, and fuitably enrichcth the 
Farmours. Herethrough, lundry Gentlemen haue there 
planted iheir feates, as, in S. Kew, matter Carnjew, 
at Bokclly : in 5, Endeliorif mafter Rofcarrock^ at his 
Houfe of the fame denomination : befides, mafter 
Penkeueh Nichols^ Barret^ Flammock^ Cauel, and diucw 
more. 

Carnfew^ rightly Carndeaw^ purporteth in Cornijh^ a 
• black rock : and fuch a one the heire owncth, which 
gauc name to his ancient poflcfled mannour, as the man- 
nour to his anceftours. His houfe Bokelly may be de- 
riued from Bothy in Cornijh^ a Goate, and kelly which is 
loft : and the Goate he giueth for his Armes- This Gent, 
father married 'the daughter of Fits in Deuon^ and left • 
behinde him three fonnes, Richard^ Matheiv and William^ 
with two daughters : thofc, brought vp in learning and 
experience abroade : thefe, in vertue and modcfty at 
honw : the fruites whereof, they tafte and exprefle, in a 
no leffe praife-worthy, then, rare-continuing concord, 
hauing (not through any conftrayning neccffitie, or con- 
ftraintiue vowe) but on a voluntary choyce, made their 
elder brothers manfion a Colledge of fingle lining, & kinde 
entertaining. Aroongft whom, I may not omit the 
yongeft brother, whofe wdl qualified and fweetc plea- 
ling fufficiency drawcth him out from this cloyfttr, to 
conucrfe with, and affift his friends, and to whofe foun- 
der iudgement, I owe the thankful acknowledgement of 

Kk 3 many 



V 



Itbe Suruiy of Cornwall. 

many corrcftcd flippings in thcfc my notes. The armes 
. of this family are thus blafoned, S. a Goat pafTant. ji. 
attired and trippled O. 

Rojcarrocif in Cornijh^ meaneth a flower, and a rock» 
in Engli(b. Rofes are his armes^ and the North rocky 
clifsy which bound his demaines^ perhaps added the red. 
The hcirc hath iffue by the daughter of Treuanion. His 
father maried the fole Inheritrix to Pentire^ whofe dwel- 
ling, Pentuan, is feated on the South Tea, fo as he might 
make vfe of either climate for bis refidence. The family 
is populous ; but of them two brothers, Hugh, for his 
ciuill carriage, and kinde hofpitality, and Nicholas for his 
induftrious delight in matters of hiftory and antiquity, 
doe merit a commending remembrance. They beare 
A. a Cheurdn betweene 2. Rofes, G. and a fea-tenche 
nayante proper. 
Tmpk: The little parish called Temple, skitteth this hundred, 
on the wade iide thereof: a place, exempted from the 
• Bifliops iurifdidlion, as once appertayning to the Temp- 
Irrs, but not fo from diforder : for if common report 
communicate with truth, many a bad mariage bargaine 
is there yerely flubbrcd vp. 

Hundred of Wefl. 

With Trig Hundred on the South fide, confineth 
that of Weft, but taketh his name from the re- 
lation which it beareth to that of Eaft : the circuit there- 
of is not fo large, as fruitful!. 
Lw^Erft In entring the fame, wee will firft pitch at the Looes, 
y iVijt. tvvo feuerall Corporations, diftinguiftied by the addition 
of Eaft and Weft, abutting vpon a nauigable creek, 
4 and 



The fecond Booke. 128 

and ioyncd by a faire bridge of many arches. They 
tooke that name from a frcfh riuer, which there payeth 
his tribute to the fea : and the riuer (as I coniedlurc) 
from his low paflage, betwecne ftcepe coafting hils : for 
Loo, and lowe, after the Cornijh pronunciation, doe h'ttle 
differ, 

Eaft-Loo voucheth leffe antiquity, as lately incorpo- 
rated, but vanteth greater wealth, as more commodiouily 
feated : yet the foundation of their houfes is grounded 
on the fand, fupporting (naytheleife) thofe poore build- 
ings, with a fufficient ftableneflc. Their profit chiefly 
accrueth from their weekely markets, and indtKlriou« 
fifhing, with boats of k jmiddle (ize, able to brooke, but 
not crofTe the fcas : howbcit, they are not altogether dc- 
ilitute of bigger fbipping : amongft which, one hath 
fucceffiuely retained the name of the George of Loo, 
cuer fince the firft fo called, did a great while fithence, 
in a furious fight, take 3. French men of warre. 

The towne towards the fea, is fenced with a garretted 
wall, againfl any fuddei? attempt of tht; enemy. 

Weft^Loo muflereth an endowment \vrth the like 
meanes, but in a meaner degree, and hath of late yceres 
fomewhat releeued his former pouerty. 

Almoft direftly. ouer aaainfl the barred hauen* of \ 
Loo, extcndeth S. GeorgePihinAy about halfe a mile in s.Cnrges 
compaflc, and plentifully ftorcd with Conies. When the -^^''*'- 
feafon of the yere yeeldeth oportunity, a great abund- 
ance of fundry fea-fowle breed upon the ftfond, where 
they lay, & hatch their egges, without care of building 
any nefts : at which time, repairing thither, you ftiaH fee 
your head (hadowed with a cloud of old ones, through 
their diuerfified cries, witn^ifing their general diflike of 

K k 4 your 



T'he Suruey of CornwalL 

your dlfturbance, and your feete peftered with a largo 
number of ypng ones» fome formerly, fome newly, and 
fome not yet difclofed ; at which time (through the leaue 
and kindncflc of Matter May^ the ownek-) you may make 
and take your choycc. This Gent. Armcs, arc G. a 
Cheuron vary betweene three Crownes. 
Uikerd. The middle market towne of this Hundred, is Lif- 
kerd. Les^ in Cornijh, is broad, and ker, is gone. Now, 
if I (hould fay, that it is fo called, becaufe the widenefTe 
of this Hundred, heere contradleth the traffike of the 
Inhabitants, you might well thinke I iefted, neither dare 
I auow it in earned. But whencefoever you derive the 
name, hard it is, in regard of the antiquity, to deduce 
the towne and CafUc from their firft origin all : and yet 
I will not ioyne hands with them who terme it Legio^ as 
founded by the Romanes, vnlefTe they can approue the 
fame by a Romane faith. 

Of later times, theCaflle ferued the Earlc oi Cornwall 
for one of his houfes ; but now, that later is worm-eaten 
out of date and vfe. Coynages, Fayres, and markets, 
(as vitall fplrits in a decayed bodie) keepe the inner 
partes of the towne aliue, while the ruyned skirtes 
accufe the iniurie of time, and the negledt of induf- 
trie, 

S. Cleer parlih, coafting tiskerd, brookcih his nan^c 
by a more percing, then profitable ayre, which in thofc 
open waftes, fcowreth away thrift, as well as ficknefle, 
Tbtotbtr Thither I rode, to take view of an antiquitie, called The 
bai/efton$. Other halfe (lone; which I found to be thus : There are 
two moore ftones, pitched in the ground, very nccre 
together, the one of a more broade then thlcke fquare- 
neiTc, about 8. foote in height, rcfembling the ordinary 

fpiU 



tpiSk of t Crofle, tnd fomewha cw ionflj Beared^ whil 
diapar workt. The other ooauneth fliort of hh ficllowea 
length, by the better halfe/ but, welneere, doubleth it in 
breadth, and thickemfife, and is fikewife hattdfbmely 
earned. They both, are mortifed in die top, leaaing a 
little edge at the one fide, as to accommodate the pla^ 
ciflig of fomewhar elfe thereupon. In this latter, are graoeA 
certaine letters, which 1 caufed to be taken oat^ and haoe 
here inferted, for abler capacities^ then mine owni to in* 
Cerpret. 



129 



d 


n t I 


-Q l^Ts P.0 .1 


"z oc 


u l"^ 


no ccn 


1 m 


oc 



Why this (bottld be termed. The other halfe Aoofe, t 
cannot refblue with my felfe, and you much lelTe. How* 
beit, I haltingly ayme, it may proceede from one of 
tfaefe refpefts ; either, becauie it is the halfe of a mo^^^ 
nument, whofe other part reftcth elfewhere : or, for tbac 
it meaneth, after the Dutch phraie, and their pwne mea^ 
fure, a (lone and halfe» For, in Diitch,^ii^r Aa/Ai 
(another halfe) importetb. One and a halfe, as Seffui aU 
ter doth in Latine. It fiiould feeme to be a bound ftoner 
for fome of the neighbours obferued to mee, that the 

L I fame 



' The.Suruey of Corrmall. 

fame limiteth iuft the halfe way, between^ Exce/ier and 
the lands ende, and is difttfit full £fde myles from 
either. 

Not farre hence, in an opea plaine, are .to be feene 

* certaine ftones, fomewbat fquared, and faftened about a 

fpote deepe in the ground, of which, foa^ fixe or eight 

ftand vpright in proportionable diftance : they are term- 

Tbi bur^ ^f ^^^ horlers. And alike flrange obieruatipn, takcth 

liru place here, a$^ at Stonehenge, to wit, that a redoubled 

numbring, neucr eueneth with ihefirft. But far f^rang^r 

is the country peoples report, that once they were men, 

and for their hurling vpon the Sabboth, fo mctamor- 

phofed. The like whereof, I remember to haue read, 

^ touching fomc in Germany (a8»I take it) who for a femb- 

lable prophanation, with dauncing, through the Priefls 

accuriing, continued it on a whole yere together. 

Almoft adioyning hereunto, is a heap of rocks, which 

prefTe one of a lefle fize, fashioned like a cheefe, and 

Chiifi- therethrough termed Wringcheefc. 

'^"^' . I know not well, whether I may referrc to the parifli 

&. Nett. of S. Neot in this Hundred, that which Mat. Weft, re- 

porteth of K. Alfred^ namely, how comming into Corn- 

^all on hunting, he turned ;afide, for doing his4enotien, 

into a Churchy where S. Gutryr and &. Neot made.their 

abode [quare^ whether he meane not their burials), or 

rather fo refolue, becaufe AJfer fo deliuers it, and there 

found his orifons feconded with a happy effect* 

Next, I will relate you another of the Cornijh natural 

s. KtLjmt wonders, viz. S. Kaynes well : but left you make a won- 

'w/^- der firft at the Saint, before you take notice of the well, 

you muft vnderftand, that this was not Kayne the man- 

queller^ but one of a gentler fpirit, and milder fex,.tQ wit^ 

a wo- 



The fecond B9oke. 130 

a woman. He who cauftd »tlie fpriiig to 1)c pi<!hirecl» 
added this Time for an expofitibn : 

• • • - i 

Jfe namey injhapey in quality^ 

This well is very quaint ; 
T'he name^ to lot ofY^vjn^ kefelU 

No ouer-^holy Saint. ♦ - 

J'he Jhapef 4. trees ofdiuers kinde^- - 

Withy, Oke, Elme and AJh^ 
Make v)ith thiir roots an arched roof e^ • 

Whofe floor e this Jpring doth wajh. > 

J he quality t that man or wife^ 

Whofe chance^ or choice attaines, 
Firft of this fltcred ftreame to drinke^ * 

TChtreby the maftry gaines. 

In this Hqndred^ the rubble of certaine niines^ and Fimt^ 
ruihcs of a fining houfe^ conuince Burchard Craneigh, ^•^• 
the Dachmans vaine endeuour, in feeking of filuer owre : 
hbwbeit, hee afterwards lighted on a thriftier vayne^ of 
pra(5liling phifike at London, where he grewe famous; 
by the name of Doftor Burcot. 

Kiliigarthy being interpreted in Englifh, fignifitdiy KUb^ant. 
He hath loft his griping, or reaching : and by his prcfent 
fortune, (in fome fort) iuftifieth that name: for Ae 
fame hath lately forgone Sir fTilliam Beuill, whome it 
embraced as owner & Inhabitant, by his fudden death» 
and is paiTcd into the pofleffion of the faire Lady his 
widdow, by her husbands conueyance. 

It yeeldeih a large viewe of the South coaft, and 
was it fctfe, in Sir Williams life time, much vifited^ 

LI 2 through 



Tlbe Swuey tf Gdrmoall. 

.tiutMgb hJB fraake inuitings. The mention of this 
Knight, calleth to my remembertnce, a fomctimcs vn- 
MmSixi. couth feruaunt of his, T^hofe monftrous conditions, part* 
ly refembled that Polyphemus^ d^icribed by Homer and 
Virgil f and liucly imitated by AriojU^ io his Orc9: or 
rather, that Egyptian Pafyphagm^ in whoma (.by Suet^ 
nius report) the Emperour Nero tookc fucb pleafure,. 
This fellow was taken i^p by SirWil/iam^ vnder a^ hedge,, 
in the deepefl of Winter^ welneere fturucd with coId» 
and hunger : bee mtm of ilature meane». of con^kntioa^ 
leane, of face freckled, of compoiition^ well proportion* 
ed, of diet, naturally, fpare, and cleanely inough ^ yet^ 
at his mafters biddings he would deuouf e nettles, thiftles,. 
the pith of Artichokes^ raw^ and Ituing birds, and fiihes, 
with their fcales, and feathers, bttroiog coles and candles^ 
and whatfoeuer elfe, howfoeuer vnfauorie, if it might 
be fwallowed : oeitber this a little, but in fuch quan- 
title, as it often bred a fecond wonder^ how his belly 
(hould cootaine fp much ; yet could no man, at any 
tifiic^ diicpuer him doing of that, which neceiSitie of 
future requireth. Moreouer, be would take a hot yron 
out of the fire, with his bare handf neuer changed hia 
apparcll, but by conftraint, and vfed to lie in (Irawe^ 
with hia head downc, and his beeles vpwards. Spare he 
was of fpeech^ and, infkead of halfe his words, vfcd this 
|er(pe Si:^, as I will Size him, for ilrike him, bee is a 
good Size, for man. Sec. Ouer-fleeping,. or feme other 
aceident, made him to lofe a day, in his account of the 
weeke, fo as he would not beleeue, but that Svnday wa& 
Saturday, Saterday Friday, &;c. To Sir William he bare 
Aich faitbfulneiTe, that hee would follow his horie,. 
Ukp a ^anyell^ without regard of way or wearinefTe, 

waite 



T^e fecbnd Booke. 131 

waite at his chamber doorc, ihe night time, fuffiirthg 
none to come neere him, and performe whatfoeaer h^6 
commanded, were it neuer fo unlawful), or dangerocrs. 
On a timcj his mafter, expecting Grangers, fent him, with 
a panier, to his cater at the fea fide, to fetch fome fi(h. 
In his way, he pafTed by a riuer, whereinto the tide then 
flowed, and certaine fiflbermen were drawing their nets J 
which after lohn Size had a while beheld, hee calVs'to 
haue a fhare amongft them, for his mailer. Sb inro the 
water he leaps, and there, for the fpacb of a flight fhodt» 
wadeth and walloweth (for fwimmc hee could not) 
fometimes upland ibmetime^ downe^ carrying his panier 
fttll before htm, to his owne extreame hazard of dfown* 
ingt.and the beholders great pittying 5. vntill at laft, all 
wet, and wearied, out he fcramblcth> and. hofne lie 
bicth} with a bitter complaint to his maftei"^. of his ill 
fortune, that he could not catch fome flfh, as well as the 
reft, where fo much was going. Inthis fort he continu- 
ed for diuera yeeres, vntill (vpon I wot not ^^hat veake,. 
or vnkindntfle) away he gets, and abroad he rogues: 
which remitter brought nim the end, tO his fore- 
deferred, and not ^uoydcd deftiny : for as vnder a hedge 
hee was found pyning,,fo under a hedge h& found hia? 
miferable death, through penury. 

Sir Williams father maried the daughter of Militon : 
his graundfather, the daughter and heire of Bear, whofe. 
liuelyhood repay red what the elder brothers daughters ' 
had impaired.. The Beui/s Armes are A. a Bull paflant 
G. armed and tripped O. 

In the fame parish where Killigarth is^feated, Mafter 
Murth inheriteth a houfe and demaynes. Hee maried Mm-A.. 
TLreffry .v his father, Tregofe. One of their aunceftours, . 

LI 3 withia^ 



Tie Sumey of Cornwall. 

the ordiatry paflagc thcre» ouer Foy riuer. Thedore 
* of Sammons which it affoordech, caufed hia anceftoura. 
ta take the Sammon fpeares for their Artnes : for hee. 
beareth ^. a Cbeoroo^ betweeoe three Sammon fpearea 
S. 

Sundry more Gentlemen this little Hundred pofleiTeth 
and poiTeflioneth, as CoJff who beareth ji. a Cbeuron^ 
G* betweene three Crowes. M^^ G. a Chettron vary 
betweene three Crownea. Achym. A. a Maunche Mai- 
tailt S. within a border of the fir(l» charged with Cin- 
QQcfoyles^ as the fecond Grilles^ &c. But want of in- 
lormation,. and lothnes to waxe tedious» maketh mee 
fardle vp thefe, and omit the reft. 

Ii ia hemmed in one the WefV, by the Baft fide of Foy 
tUL bauen^ at wbofe mouth ftandeth Hall> in Corntjh^Zi 
moore^ and (perhaps) fucb it was before better manu- 
raoce reduced it to the prcfent fruitfulneffe. The fame^ 
defcended to Sir Reignald Mohun^ irom his aaceftours, 
by their match with the daughter and heire of Fits-- 
WUliamsi and (aoAongft other commodities) is appurten- 
aoced with a walk, which if I could as playnly (hew you^, 
as my felfe baue oftentimes delightingly feene it, yoa 
might, 6c would auow the fame^. to be a place of diuer- 
iified pleafings : I will therefore do my beft, to trace you 
a (haddow thereof, by which you ftial (in part) giue a 
gefle at the fubftance« 

It is cut out in the fide of a fteepe hill, whofe footc 
the fait water waOieth, euenly leueiled, to ferue for 
bowling, floored with fand, for ibaking vp the rayne^ 
^ clofcd with two (home hedges, and banked with fweete 
fenting flowers : It wideneth to a fufficient breadth, for 
the msrch of Aue or fixe in front, and extendetb, to not 
4 much 



Tie fecond Boole. 1^3 

much Icfle, then halfe a London mile : neyther doth it 
lead wearifomely forthright, but yeeldcth varied, & yet. 
not ouer-bufie turnings, as the grounds oportunity af- 
foordeth ; which aduantage encreafeth the profpeiA, and 
is conuerted on the forefide, into platformcs, for the 
planting of Ordinance, ^nd the walkers fitting ; and on 
the back part, into Summer houfes, for their more pri^ 
iiate retrait and recreation. 

In pailing along, your eyes (hall be called away from 
guiding your feete, to defcry by their fardeft kenning, 
the vaft Ocean, fparkled with (hips, that continually thin 
way trade, forth and backe, to moft quarters of the world «^ 
Neerer home, they take view of all fized cocks, barges, 
and iiflierboates, houerine; on the coaft. Againe, cosh; 
tradting your fight to a narrower icope, it lighteth on 
the faire and comnK>dious hauen, where the tyde da^y* 
prefenteth his double feroice, of flowing and ebbing; ta 
carry and recarry whatfoeuer the Inhabitants (hall be« 
pleafed to charge him withall, and his creekes (like .a. 
young wanton louer) folde about the land, with many 
embracing armes. 

This walke is garded upon the one fide, by Portruan; 
on the other, by Bodyncck, two fi(hing villages: behinde, 
the rifing hiH bearerh off the colde Northern blafts : be-- 
fore, the towne of Foy fubiedeth his whole length and 
breadth to your oucrlooking : and directly ^vnder you, 
ride the home and forraine (hipping ; both of the(e,. in 
fo neere a dtftance, that without troubling the pafifer, or 
borrowing 5/^«/^rj voyce, you may from thence, not 
only call to, but confcre with any in the fayd towne or 
(hipping. 

Mounfieur la NoUe noteth, that in the great hall of 

Mm iuftice^ 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

iufticei at Paris, there is no roome left, for any more 
images of the French Kings : which fome prophetical- 
ly interpreted, to fignifie adifTolution of that line, if not 
of the monarchy. But this halfening, the prefent flourifli« 
ing eftate of that kingdome, vtterly conuinceth of falf- 
hood. A farre truer foretoken, touching the Earle of 
Deuons progeny, I haue feen, at this place of Hall, to 
TbiFag9t. wit, a kind of Fagot, whofe age and painting, approueth 
the credited tradition, that it was carefully preferued by 
thofe noble men : but whether vpon that preicience, or 
DO, there mine author failes me. This fagot, being all 
ode peece of wood, and that naturally growen, is wrap^^ 
ped about the middle part with - a bond, and parted, at 
the ends, into foure flicks, one of which, is, againe fab« 
diifided into other twayne. And in femblable maner the 
Ufl.Earles inheritance accrued vnto ^ C^rnijh Gent. 
Mohun, T'relawny, jirunde// of Talucrne, ancl Trethurffe: 
2lxA Trethurffes portion, C^r^r/^^^y of Ladocke, and/7- 
uianj do enioy, as defcended from his two daughters 
aodheires* .. 

Sir Reig. Mohun is widdower of two wiues ; the onc^ 
daughter to Sir Henry Killigrew, the other, to Sergeant 
Hea/e: his father. Sir WiJiiam, ttiarricd> firft, the daugh- 
ter of Horfey^ and one of the heires, by the common Jaw, 
to Sir John hei: late brother; and next, the widdowe of 
Trelawny, who, ouerliuing him, enioyeth this Hall, aa 

Eart of her ioynture ; a Lady^ gtracing her dignitie, with 
er vertue, and no lefTe cxprefling, then profefling reli- 
gion. Reignald^ father to Sir IVilliam^ wedded the 
daughter of Sir William Treuanion. The armes of the 
Mohuns are 0. a Crofie engrayled Sa* 

8 .: 

Fowdtr 



lie fecond Boohe» " 134 

Powder Hundred. 

SOmc impute the force of Powder vnto this, that the 
fame is conuerted, at an inftant, from his earthy 
fubftance, to a fiery, and from the fire, into ayre i euery 
of which changes, requireth a greater enlargement, one 
then other : wherefore it finding a barr e, ouer, vnder, 
and on the back and fides, by the pieces ftrong imprifon- 
mcnt, by confequence brcaketh forth with a fudden vio- 
lence, at the mouth, where the way is leaft flopped, & 
driueth before it, the vnfetled obftacle of the bullet, im- 
parting thereunto a portion of his fury. To which 
(through want of a probable Etymon) I may, in part, 
refemble the hundred of Powder, not only for the names 
fake, but alfo becaufe this parcel of the CorHiJh earth 
cxtcndeth it fclfe wider, and comprifcth more parifhes, 
then any other Hundred of the {hire, as ftretching Eaft 
and Weft, from Foy to Falniouth : and South and North, 
welnere from one fea to the other. 

In dcfcribing the fame, we muft begin where we left, 
to wit, at Foy hauen, in Cornijhy Foath. It rcceyueth this F^ybautm 
name pf the riuer, and beftowcth the fame on the town, tsf/aowr. 
His entrance is garded with Block-houfes, & that on the 
townes fide, as alfo the towne it fejfe, fortified & fenced 
with ordinance. The commendation of which induftry, 
is principally due to the prouidence and diredlion of M. 
Wtl.Treffryy aGent. that hath vowed his rare gifts of learn* 
ing, wifdome, & courage, to the good of his country, & 
made proofe thereof in many occurrenfs, &; to whofe iudi- 
cious correftions, thefc my notes haue bin* not a little be- 
holden. His faire & ancient houfe, Caftle-wife builded 

M m 2 and 



7h Suruej^ of Cornwall. 

and fuffictently flanked, ouerlooketh the towne and hauen 
with a pleafant profped;, and yet is not excluded from 
the healthfull ayre, and vfe of the country, which occa* 
fioned his aunceftours (though endowed elfewhere^ with 
large reuennues, of their owne and their wiues inheri- 
tance) for many defcents, to make here their ordinary 
refidernce^ as is witneifed by their toombe-flones, which 
I haue fcen in the church. One of them^ about 145. 
yeeres fitbence, valiantly defended this his dwelling, 
againft the French^ what time they had furprized the 
reft of die towne. 

Hee married one of 7'remaynes heires : his father, the 
heir of T^rejkkny: his graundfather, the daughter of 
Killigrew : and health S. a Cheuron betweene three 
Hawtbomes A. 

' But I win returae to the towne. During the warlike 
raignea of our two valiant Edwards, the firft & third, 
the Foyens addi<3:ed themfelues to backe their Princes 
quarrel!, by coping with the enemy at fea, and made re- 
turne of many prizes ; which purchafes hauing aduanced 
them to a good eftate of wealth, the iame was (when 
the quieter conditioned times gaue meanes) heedfulLy 
and diligently employed, and bettered, by the more ci- 
uill trade of marchandife; and in both thefe vocations 
they fo fortunately profpered, that it is reported, 60. tall 
(hips did, at one time, belong to the harbour, and that 
they afiifted the fiege of Callais, with 47. faile. Heere«« 
on, a full purfe begetting a ftout flomack, our Foyens 
tooke heart at graiTe, and cbauncing about that time (I 
fpeake vpon the credit of tradition) to fayle neere Rye, 
and Winchelfea, they (lifly refufed to vaile their bonets 
at the fiimmons of thoie townes; which contempt (by 

the 



Hl^e ficond Bdtke. 1 35 

the hefttt tUMei Sea-farers^ Reckoned Infolembltf) 
canfed the Ripiers to make otit tvith itiight tfrtd tnayfie 
againft them ; howbeit, with si irtore harder oAfet^ then 
happy iflbe i fot the Poy faten ga(ue them fo toUgh en- 
tcrfaynmcfit at theJf wclcoiwe, that Ibey wdre glad to 
forfake patch, withcM Wddihg hrdWeW : th« merit of 
which exploit, aftei'v^afds entitled Ihdm OaWintS of Poy: 
and (it may bee) they fought to cterftize this metaofrf- 
ble fad, aftef the Greeke and Rotftfane ttiutiet, byjfiiieft* 
ing the towne of Gofant vfr^ith that Mtiic : tiof withftafrrd- 
ing, quare, whether a cartrfelcffe ambition in the poilefri- 
tie, turned not rather Goian^t into Gallant, for th<fif grea- 
ter glory. Once, the torwntffmen vaitrn*, that f6r reskti- 
ing certaine (hips' of Rye from: the Normans In Henrk 
the thirds time, they bcare the arihes, and eriioy part of 
the priuiledges appertaining to the Cinque ports, where- 
of there is fome mcmorre in their Chauncjell window, 
with the name of Ft/art Bagga^ their principal) Com« 
maunder in that fcruice. Moreouer, the prowefle of 
one Nicholas, fonne to a widdow, ncerc Foy, is deskant- 
cd vpoD, in an old three mans fongs, namely, hot* he 
fought brauely at fea, with lohn Dory (a Gcnowey, as I 
coniefture) fct forth by lohn the French king, and (after 
much bloudfhed on both fides) tooke, and flew him, in 
rduengc of the great rauine, and crueltie, which bee had 
forccommitted, vpon the Englifti mens goods and bo- 
dies. Yet their fo often good fucceflTe, fomctimca 
taftcd the fawce of croflcr fpeeding ; for Tha. Waljing-' 
ham telleth vs, that Sir Hugh Cakeley, and Sir ^h. 
Percy, deputed to gard the fea, by R. the 2. Anno. I379. 
chanced there to mcetc zCornt/h barge, belonging to 
Foy harbour, which hauing worne out his victuals, and 

M m 3 time. 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

time^ limited for the like feruice^ was then fayling home* 
wards, neither would be entreated by thofe koights, to 
ioyne companie with them : howbeit they bought this 
refufall verie deare. For no fooner was the Englifli fleete 
pad out of fight, but that a Flemmifli man of warre light- 
ed vpon them, and (after a long, and ftrong refiftance) 
ouermaftered them as well, at lafl in force, as they did at 
firft in number, tooke the Barge, funk it, and flaughtered 
all the Saylers, one onely boy, excepted, who in the heate 
of the bickering, feeing which way the game would goe, 
fecretly dole aboord the Flemming, and clofely hid him- 
felfe amongfl the ballaft* Ouer a while, this Pirate caft 
Anker in an Englifh harbor, where the boy, hearing his 
Countrimens voice, that were come aboord,^ rifeth from 
his new buriall,bewrayeth the fadt, & fo wrought meanes, 
for their puni/hment, and his owne deliuery. 

Not long after, our Foy gallants, vnablc to beare a low 
fayle, in their frefh gale of fortune, began to skum the 
Seas, with their often piracies, (auowing thcmfelues vp- 
on the Earle of Warwicke, whofe ragged ftaffe is yet to 
be feene, pourtrayed in many places of their Church 
Steeple, and in diuers priuate houfes) as alfo to violate their 
dutie at land, by infolcnt difobcdiencei to the Princes Of-, 
iicers, cutting off (amongft other pranckes) a Purfiuants 
eares : whereat king Edward the fourth conceiucd fuch 
indignation, as hce lent Commiilioners vnto Lojlivithiet^ 
(a towne thereby) who, vnder pretence of vfing their 
ieruice, in fea affaires, trained thither the greatcft num- 
ber of the Burgeffes ; and no fooner come, then laid 
hold on, and in hold, their goods were coniifcated, one 
Harrington executed, the chaine of their hauen remoued 
to Dartmouth, &; their wonted iolity transformed into 

a fud- 



77)6 fecond Booke. 136 

a fadden mifcry : from which they ftriucd a long time, 
in vainc, to releeue themfelues : but now of late yeres 
doe more' and more afpirc to a. great amendment of their 
former defers, though not to an cquall height of thdir 
iirft aboundance. 

Where 1 may not paffe in filencc, the commendable 
defertsof Mafter Rajhieigh the elder, defcended from a 
yonger brother of an ancient houfe in Deuon i for his 
induftrious iudgement and aduenturing,^ in trade of mar- 
chandifc, firft opened a light, and way, to the townef* 
mens newe thriuing, and left his fonne large wealth, and 
pofiefiions ;, who (together with a dayly bettering his 
eftate) conuerteth the fame to hofpitality, and other 
anions fitting a Gent, well afFcdled to his God, Prince, 
and Countrey. He married the daughter of Bonithon 5 
his father, of Lanyne^ and beareth S. a plaine Cro0e be- 
tweene 2. Croiflants A. 

Anno 28. H. b. there was an Adt of Parliament made, 
to reftraine the abufes of iea-officers, in wrong exadions 
at Foy, and fome other hauens. 

The Lord of Pomier, a Norman, Encouraged by the 1457. 
Ciuill warres^ wherewith our Realme was then diftrefTed, 
furnifhed a nauy within the riuer of Sayne, and with the 
fame in the night, burned a part of Foy, and other houfes 
cbnfyning : but vpon approch of the countryes forces, 
raifed the next day by the Sherife, he made ipeed away 
to his (hips, and with his (hips to his home. 

In a high way neere this towne, there lieth a big and Apami 
long mobre (lone, containing the remainder of. certainc /<>*»• 
ingraiied letters, purporting fome memorable antiqui- 
ty, as it (hould feeme, but paft ability of reading. 

M m 4 Not 



The Suruey of Cormoall 

Not many ycres fithence, a Gentleman^ dwelling npt 
farre off, was perfwaded, by fome information, or ima* 
gination^ that treafure lay hidden vnder this (lone : 
wherefore^ in a faire Moone-ihine nighty thither with 
certaine good fellowes hee hyeth to dig it vp ; a work- 
ing they fall* their labour (hortneth^ tbbir hope increa- 
fetb, a pot of Gold is the leaft^ of their expedation. Bat 
fee the chance. In midfl: of their toyling, the skic 
gathereth cloud(> the Moone-light is ouer-caft with 
darkeoeiTe, downe fals a mightie ihowre^ vp rifeth a 
bluAcring teonpeft^ the thunder cracketh, the lightning 
ilafheth : in conclufion, our money-feekers wafiied^ in 
ftead of loden ; or loden with wateri in ftcad of yellow 
earth> and more afraid, then hurt, are forced to abandon 
their enterprifej and (e^ke (belter of the next houfe they 
could get into* Whether this proceeded from a natu«- 
rall accident, or a working of the diuell» I will not vn- 
dertakc to define* It may bee, God giueth him fuch 
power ouer tbofo, who begin a matter> vpon couetouf- 
neffe to gaine by extraordinarie meaneSf and profecutc it 
with a wrong, in entring and breaking another mans 
land, without his leaue, and diredt the end thereof, to die 
pcincea defrauding, whofe prerogatiue challengeth thefe 
cafualties, 
Trtwar- A little beyond Foy, the land openeth a large fandie 
drttbBaj. Bj^y^ fQf |[jQ s^^ iQ Qucf-flow, whicli, and the village ad* 
ioyning, are therethrough aptly termed Trewardrethf in 
Engli^s The Sandie towne. Elder times, of more deuo- 
tion then knowledge, here founded a religious houie, 
which, in King Henrie the eights saigne, vnderwent the 
common downefalK 
I haue receiued credible information, that fome three 
6 yeercs 



Tie fecund Bwke. 1 37 

yteres ficheoce^ certaine hedges deoiding a clo0e on the 
feafide hereabouts, chanced, in their digging, vpon a 
great cheft of ftone, artificially ioyned, whofe couer^ they 
(ouer-greedy for booty) rudely brake, and therewithal! a 
great earthen pot enelofcd, which was guilded and grau- 
ed with letters, defaced by this mifaduenture, and ful 
of a black earthy the a(hes (doubtles) as that» the vrna 
of fome fanipus perfonage, 

• Vpon a fide of this bay, one M. Peter Beuill firft be- M. P. Bt^ 
gan the experiment of making a faltwater pond, induced •'^^'/*•'• 
thereunto, by obferuing that the high Summer tydes 
brought with them young BafiTes and Millets, whom at 
their ebbing, they Jeft behinde in little pits of the euen 
ground, where they would Hue for many weekes with* 
out any reuifitation of the (ti : who, as he bettered this 
naturall patterne, fo did I his artificiall ; but yet with 
a thankefull acknowledgement, by whome I haue pro- 
fited. 

Loftwithiel (hould feeme to fetch his originall from Ujhm^ 
the Cornijh LoJlwithiaJ/, which in Englifli, foundeth a ^^''^• 
Lions tayle : for as the Earle of this prouince gaue the 
Lyon in armes, and the Lions principall firengtn (men 
fay) confifteth in his tayle ; fo this towne claymeth the 
precedence, and his Lords chiefefl refidence, & the place 
which he entrufted with his Exchequer, and where his 
wayghtier affaires were managed. Maioralty, markets, 
faires, and nomination of Burgefifes for the parliament, 
it hath common with the mpft : Coynage of Tynne, 
ooely with three others -, but the gayle for the whole 
Stannary, and keeping of the County Courts, it felfe 
alone. Yet all this can hardly rayfe it to a tolerable con* 
dition of wealth and inhabitance. Wherefore I will de- 

Nn ^ tayne 



The Suruey tf Cornwall. ^ 

tayne yon no longer^ then vntill I haue ihewtA yoo a (o^ 
lemne cuftome in times paft here yeerely obferued^ and 
onely of late daies difcontiniied, which was thus : 

Vpon little Eaftcr Sunday, the Freeholders of the 
towne and mannour, by themfeloes or their deputies, did 
there affemble : amongft whom, one (as it fell to his lot 
by turne) brauely apparelled, gallantly mounted, with a 
Crowne on his head, a fcepter in his hat>d, a fword borne 
before him, and dutifully attended by all the reft alfo on 
horfeback, rode thorow the principall ftreete to the 
Church : there the Curate in his heft, befeene^ folemnely 
receiued him at the. Churchyard ftile, and conduced 
him to heare diuine feruice : after which, he repaired 
with the fame pompe,, to a houfe foreprouided for that 
purpofe, made a feaft to his attendants, kept the tables 
end himfelfe, and was ferued with kneeling, affay, & alt 
othw rites due to the eftate of a Prince; with which 
dinner, the cerempny ended, and euery man returned 
home again. The pedigree of this tfage is deriued from 
fo many defcents of ages, that the caufe and authour 
outreach remembrance : howbeit, thefe circumftancea 
offer a coniedure, that it (hould betoken the royahies 
appertaining to the honour of Cornwall. 

M. WiL Kendak hofpitalrty, while he liacd, and here 
kept houfe, deferueth a fpectall remembrance, becauic, 
for ftore of refort and franknes of entertainment^ it ex* 
ceeded all others of his fort. 

This towne anno ii. H. y. was by aft of Parliament 

afligned, to keepe the pubKke waights and meafares» or- 

dayned for the Countie. 

Jitprmil. Loftwithiel fubiedfced it felfe to th« commauad of 

ReftormelCaftle, alias^ht&Qtmtl^ jfbmetimea theDofcea 

6 principal 



^ fecond Booke. 138 

principal hou(e. It is feated in a park^ vpon the plalne 
lieck of a hill, backed to the Weftwards, with another^ 
fooiewhat higher, & falling euery other way, to end in a 
Talley, watered by the fiflifuli riuer of Foy. His bafe 
court 19 rather to be cooiedlured, then difcerned, by the 
remnant of fome fewe ruines ; amongft which, an ouen 
of 14. foot largenes, through his eKceedi/ig proportion, 
prooueth the like hoipitality of thofe dayes. The inner 
court grounded vpon an intrenched rocke^ was formed 
round, had his vtter wall thick, ftrong, and garretted : 
bis flat roofe couered with lead, and his large windowes 
taking their light inwards. It confided of two dories, 
beiides the vaults, and admitted entrance and iflfue, by 
one oriely gate, fenced with a Portcouliz. Water was 
conueyed thither, by a conduit, from the higher ground 
adioyning. Certes, it may moue compafHon, that a 
Palace, fo healthfuU for aire, fo delightfuil for profped, 
fo neceflary for commodities, fo fayre (in regard of thofe 
dayes) for building, and ib drong for defence, (hould in 
time of fccure peace, and vnder the protection of his 
naturall Princes, be wronged with thofe fpoylings, then 
which, it could endure no greater, at the hands of any 
forrayne and deadly enemy : for the Parke is difparked, 
the timber rooted vp, the conduit pipes taken away, the 
roofe made fale of, the planchings rotten, the wals fallen 
downe, and the hewed dones of the windowes, dournes 
& clauels, pluA out to ferue priuate buildings : onely 
there remayneth an vtter defacement, to complaync 
vpon this vnregardcd diftrcffe. It now appcrtayneth by 
leafe, to Madcr Saniuety who maricd Halfe : his father 
(a wife and pleafant conceited Gent.) matched with 

Nn 2 After • 



R^cbi. After wee haoe quitted Reftormel, Roche becom«9 
our next place of foioume, though hardly inuiting, with 
promi/e of aoy better entertainementt then the name 
carieth written in his forehead, to wit, a huge, high and 
ileepe rock, feated in a playne, girded on either fide, with 
(as ix were) two fubjditotes, and meritorious (no doubt) 
for the Hermite, who dwelt on the top thereof, were it 
but in regard of fuch an vneafie climing to his cell and 
Chappell, a part of whofe naturall wals is wrought out 
of the rock itfelfe. 
Tbi tydi Neere the foote of Roche, there lycth a rock, IcucII 
"^Itrtng. ^.^j^ ^j^^ ground aboue, and hollow downwards, with a 
winding depth, which contayneth water, reported by 
feme of the neighbours, to cbbe and flowe as the fca. 
Of thefe, as another Comijh wonder. 

Tou neighbour-fcornersj holy-prowdf 

Goe people Roches celU 
Farrefrom the worlds neere to the heau'nSf 

There J Hermit s^ may you dwell. 
1st true that Spring in rock hereby j 

Doth tide-wife ebbe and flow ? 
Or haue weefooles with lyers met f 

Famefaies it : be it Jo. 

From hence afcending cafily the fpacc of a mile, you 

(hall haue wonne the top of the Cornijh Archbeacon:* 

Hainh* Hainborough, which (as little to great) may for pro- 

TQugb. fpeift compare with Rama in Paleftina, Henius in Me- 

dica, Collalto in Italy, and Sceafel in the He of Man : 

for if the weathers darkencfle bounde not your cyc- 

fight, within his ordynarie extent, you iliall thence 

• * plaincly 



The ficond Booke. 1 39 

plainely difcerne, to the Eaftwards^ a great part of Deuen^ 
to the Weft, very nccre the lands end, to the North and 
South, the Ocean, and fondrie Hands fcattered therein, 
wherethrough it paffeth alfo for a wonder.. 

Haynboroughs wide proJpeSi^ at once, . r 

BothfeedeSf and gluts your eye^ 
With Cornwais whole extent^ as it ; 

In length and breadth doth lie* . ' 

At Ladocke, in this Hundred, dwetletb mafter Peter 
Courtney^ who doubly fetcheth his pedigree, from that 
honourable ftocke, and en^bracetb the contentment of a 
quiet priuate life, before the puUike charge in his Coun-^ 
trie, due to his calling, and to which long fithence, he 
liath bene called. His father maried (as I hauj (hewed) 
the daughter & coheir of l^rethurffe^ \ivcsSxM^ Reskimers^ 
his fonne the daughter of Saintabyn : he beareth O. three 
Torte;iux, and a File with as many Lambeaux, B^ 

Leo Afer^ in the delightfull, and approued defcriptlon 
of his Countrie, telleth vs of a blind guide, who would 
readily and fafely condudl ftraunger trauailers, ouer the 
huge Deferts, with which that region aboundeth, and 
that the meanes he vfed, was, in certaine diftances» to 
fmell at the fand, which gaue him perfect notice of the 
places. 

Likewife, Lewes Guicciardin^ in his booke of Netheri- 
land, maketh report of one Martyn Catelyn^ borne at 
Wernicke in Flaunders, who falling blind before he at- 
tained two yeeres age, grew, notwithftanding, by his 
owne induftrie, without any teacher, to fuch a perfec* 
tion in Timber handy-craft, as he could, not only turne, 

Nn 3 and 



^e Suruey ef ComwalL 

'md make Virginals* Organes» Vyolgns, aod fuch like In- 
ilrumentSf with great facilitie, order, and proportion, but 
alfo tone, aod handfomely play vpon theih, and befides, 
deuifed many feruiceable tooles for his fcience. 

Thcfc examples I thruft out before me, to makeway^ 
for a not much lefTe ftraunge relation, touching one Ed-- 
^Edward ward Bofie^ fometimes feruant to the faid mafter Courts 
^6ni. ^^ . which fellow (as by the affcrtion of diuers credible 
perfons, I haue beene informed) deafe from his cradle, 
and confcquently dumbe, would yet bee one of the firfl, 
to learne, and expreiTe to bis mailer, any newes that 
was fturring in the Countrie : efpecially, if there weat 
fpeech of a Sermon, within fome myles didance, h.ee 
would repaire to the place» with the foooeft, and fetting 
himfelfe diredly againft the Preacher, looke him fled- 
faftly in fhe face, while his Sermon lafted : to which re- 
ligious reale, bis honeft life was alfo anfwerable. For, 
as hee (hunned all lewd parts himfelfe, fo, if bee efpied 
any in his fellow feruants, (which bee coufd and would 
quickely doe) his mailer ihould ilraightwayes know it, 
and oot rcil free from importuning, vntill, either the 
fellow had put away his fault, or their mailer his fellow. 
And to make bis minde knowoe, in this, and all other 
matters, hee vfed verie effeduall fignes, being able 
therethroi]^, to receiue, and perform any enioyned 
errand. Befides, hee was affiiled with fo firme a me- 
morie, that he would not onely know any partie, 
trhome hee had once, fcene, for euer after, but alfo 
make him knowne to any other, by fome fpeciall ob-« 
feruation, and difFerence. Vpon a brother of his, God 
kid the like iofirmitie, but did dot recompence it with 
the like raritie. 

Some* 



72J^ fecond Booke. 140 

Somewhat neere the place of his birth, there d^elt 
another, fo affeftcd, or rather dcfedcd, whofe name wa« 
Kempe: which two, when they chaunced to meete, 
would vfe fuch kinde embracements, fuch ftrange, often, 
and earneft tokenings, and fuch faeartie laughters, and 
other paflionate geflures, that their want of a tongue, 
feemed rather an hinderance to others conceiuing them, 
then to their conceiuing one another. 

Gwarnack, in this Hundred, was the Beuils ancient q^^^ 
feate, whofe two daughters and heires, married Arundel na^k^ 
of Trericc, and Greinuile. 

Wolucden, alias^ Golden, fell vnto Tregian^ by match miuidtn. 
with the Inheritrix thereof. Tregean fignifieth the Giants 
toWne : their fonne married in Lanherne houfe, their 
Graund-child with the L. Stourtons daughter : hee 
beareth Erm. on a chiefe S. three Martlets O. 

It ftandcth in Probus Parifh, whofe high, and faire p^^^^ 
Church towre, of hewed Moore ftone, was bailded with- s/afL. 
in compafle of our remembrance, by the well difpofed 
Inhabitants : and here alfo dwelleth one WilKams, a wilbmm^ 
wealthie, and charitable Farmer, Graund-father to 
ifxtie perfons, now lining, and able> lately to ride twelue 
myles in a morning, for being witnefTe to the chriften^ 
ing of a child, to whome hee was great^ great Graund*^ 
father* 

From hence, drawing towards the South fea, wee wilt 
touch at the late Parke of Lanhadron, becanfc there £^^^^^ 
groweth aa Oke, bearing his leaues fpeckled with wbfte, p^rk. 
as doth another, called Painters Oke, m the Hundred 
of Eail : but whether the fbrmer partake any fuperna'^ 
turall propertie, to foretoken the owners fonne infuing 
death, when bis leaues are al of one cdoar' (as I baue 

N n 4 heard 



The Suruey of Cormoall. 

beard fome report) let thofe affirme, who better knovir 
it : certain it is, that diuers auncient families in England 
are admoniihed by fuch predictions. 

eramfcnd. Grampond^ if it tooke«that natne from any great 
Bridge, hath now Nomenjine re : for the Bridge there is 
fupported with onely a few arches, and the Corporation 
but halfe, replenifhed with Inhabitants, who may better 
vaunt of their towncs antiquitie, then the towoe of their 
abilitie. 

PiutuM. ^^ Pentuan I haue fpokcn before. For the prefcnt, 
it harboureth mafter Dart^ who as diuers other Gentle- 
tnen» well defcended, and accommodated in Deuon, doe 
yet rather make choycc of a pleafing and retired equa- 
litie in. the little Cornijh Angle. Hee matched with 
Rofcarrocke. 

tinmtrni. Penwarne, in the fame Parifh of Meuagely, aFtas^ S. 
Meuie, and Ify (two nothing ambitious Saints, in reding 
fatisfied with the partage of fo pettie a limit) is vefled in 
mailer Otwell Hillp as heire to his mother, the daughter 
and heire to Cofowarth, to whom it likewifc accrued, by 
matching with the daughter and heire of that name : a 
ieatCy through his fruitfulneiTe, and other appurtenances, 
Supplying the owner large meanes of hofpitalitic, and by 
bim fo imployed, who reckoned to receiue mofl good, 
when he doth it. He deriueth himfelfe from a popul* 
ous, and well regarded familie in Lancafhire, and mar- 
. . ried the daughter oi Denham : and beareth G. a Chcu- 
ron, between three Garbes Ermine. 

At the adioyning Saint Tue, dwelleth matter Richard 
Tremayn^ defcended from a yonger brother of Colocumb 
houfe, in DeuoUy who being learned in the lawes, is yet 
to learne, or at lead to pra£tife, how he may make other 

profit 



T^e'fecmd Booke. 141 

» • ■ • » 

profit thereby ,nhcn byhoording vp trcafurc of gratitude,* 
in tlie mihdfatl breads of poqfe and rich, on ixrhom hee,* 
^r^f/>;^beftttweth the frnitcs of bis paincs and kn6w-* 
ledge, t^e marrie(J C^)J^ hccbearcthCr three Armcs 
ift circle Idytifcd at.thfc Trpnkes O. wijh hands properi * 

Dudrti^n, a^weUkriowricr foreland to moft ^zyXtvs^^Dudman. 
here Should reth oat the' Oceaq, to fliapq the fame z Hrge * 
bbfomift befrwrefcnc It Telfe, and Ramc head, vWiich arc^ 
Mrelsoeqjce twentie my]e$ in diftance. Ampngfl: fandrie 
pYoiierba, .i!fotting an inipofnble .time of perforrhance, 
thtCorniJh'mn .haue'Hife 'bnc, 'Whcn|Rafm.e*head arid 
I3ud^m^n"*tnect, Whofe poffeffipn, yfet^ thoagb* not; 
theciifelues/met in^ ^ix Peers Et^ecumb^z^ iftioyrting' 
that, in tight of his ' wtfd, aird this^ by flcfcent frohi Bis • 
Father. . • ' ^ 

Bodruga^n, .a large dcmaines adioyning- iiitithnto BoimgM. 
(Whichrt^li not deritte frotA ^ir Bors'du Gams^thc^^'- 
the neighbotil-s fo fay) was the dwel^nrg of Sir Henrie ' , 
T'fenowitH, a man of great liuely-hood, who icbattoged- 
his nan^e \7ith the hQufe» and lofl; hopfe and holdings 
through attainder for rebellion* againft king Henrie the .. .. 
feuenth. . The king bcftowcd it, by an intailcd gift, vpon ' 
Sir Richard EJgecumS. . ^ 

Next, lyeth the foreremembred Caryhayes {Kerykaz iri -, 

Corni/h, fignifieth to beare his fcede, or as fomc other ' 
define it, delighting in feede) defcended; tt) M. Charks^ 
^reuanion^ the prefent poffcffioncr, by a long ranke of 
aunceftors^ from Arundels daughter and heire : his fa- 
ther married the daughter of Morgan fZnd fifter to the 
firft Lord llunsdons wife, which brought him 4n ho- 
nourable ally. Three of this Gentletnans elder bre- 
thren, Edward^ lohn, and Hugh^ forewent him in fuc- 

bo Ceffion 



Tie Suruey of ConmaU, 

cefioo to their fatbcsxs ioherit^ijcoy.an^ pa^cdto ,tke ^- 
ter^odd insi fiogle life: bjimfelfe by mttcbiog the 
daughter and he;ir/e of If^ffhaUe, wbc^ mother was co- 
heireto Jl£irw0«<^bath:raifeaii&iBVBto thexQ,«nd con> 
tinueth the hope ot pofteritle. Sir Willum Treuamon, 
bis Graandfire, ^l^c to w|fe ^e, iaid Sir Richard E^e- 
citmh, dau^ter. The 7reuawfms. A/mcs are Jl a F^e 
B. ch^ged .wi|th thfee: Bfcalops 0.,betw.eej).e tVQ Cheo- 
ronjB jS. 

lufiitmn Roiplaod».is a xp^caifp*. f»)n^iniag cect^op PariOies 
bier^l^uts* ai^^ t^enefitiog the c^wjicirs with hia fruit- 
fidneflj;, io thatthou^ the prigioil of bis Dzpap came 
(of^h^ps) ' '^n ^9fi^ <^^ ootf;tb^ from, bis .fprqaer 
tteliif Ml y«^ l»«,F^nt- PW bettei;,r9iijml?l^,9 ^wrlp 
effea. 

. , %jfiA^ *"»? ^C'.^PBw;^^ tl^e Ji|nii8,of„f>Jo»Qutt" 
Ifr»fifl»ty^:fl'VttN<^iwho6j Cf <?fWpii fti^ndj:$^f j(^e, noarket 

Tnti^. an4 ii«of pprj^ft townf ptTJr^y, ^ ^ciwy iperoor- 
a)dc (^liiy,^owl«i)g^.fbr anji.c^raprdi^^^ qb' 

Trurt, t .Qf;h?flpr Ji«igafd Is. Tsuxoia^ftt^ T^urij, qr Tti^bw* as 
th<e prificipfdl towoe of the Hauen» priuiMged yri^h a 
Mayraltie» and benefited with the gpuccaU W«Aeffl» 
Sffiops, Coynes* Markcita, J?aires» ^c. . The ihape of 
the t^woe, .aod.£/jr/»ff» of the j)aqi9> jD9a^.b.e.le9rAe.d 
cot ^f this (k^nifi. propheticall rime> 

Tru ru> 
■ 'Triueth /»» 
Omidina geueth try ru* 

.Which is to lay, Tfuto cpqfiilctlj.t^ thcqc ftrectes^ 

and 



7%e fecond Bboke. • 1 42 

and it (hall in tin^c bee faid. Here Truro flood* A like 
mifchief of a myftcrict they obTeriic, that in taking 71 
from the towne, there rcfteth ru^ ru, which in Englifli 
foundcth, Jf^oe, woe : but whatioeuer (hall become therof 
hereafter, for the prefcnt, I hold it to haue got the ftart 
in wealth of any olhtv Corntjh town^i and to come be- 
hind none in buildings, Lancefton onely excepted^ where 
there is more vfe, and profit of faire lodgbgs. through 
the.Coontie AffizeS. I wifli that they would lik«wife 
deferuc praife, for getting, • and rniploying their riches, 
in fome industrious trade, to the ^od of their Coantrie, 
as the Harbours oportunitie ihuiteth them. 

Defcending from Trurd to tlie Hiaiuens mouthy by Gm/&»w 
water, you arc ouer-lodced, by fundrieGentlemens com*- *^-^ 
modious feates, as FentengoUan, in £n^ii(fa, the Hart^ 
well, lately appertayning to mafter Carnynonv, by intei^ 
pretation often jouiilg, and now to mafter Holcomb^ who 
married the daughter of mafter Feter Courtney. 

Mafter Bayers houfe, Ardeuora, inhabited by mafter 
Thomas Peytofif a Gentleman for his age and vertues, de« 
feruing a^regardfull efttmation, Mafter Bef* 

cawnes, Mafter Sayers : but amongft all, vpon 

that fide of the riuer, Taluerne, for pleafant profpedt, TalMirmr. 
large fcope, and other bouf^keeping commodities, chal- 
lengeth the preeminence : it was giuen to ayonger bro« 
ther of Lanhearne^ for fome iix or feuen defcents paft, 
and hath bred Gent, of good worth and calling: amongft 
whom, I may not forget the late kind, & valiant Sir lohn 
ArundeU^ who matched with GodolphinyXiOt lohn his ver- 
tuouSj and hopeful fucceeding fonne, who married with 
Carew ; though this remembrance renew that forrow, 
which once I partly exprcflcd in the cnfuing Epitaph. 

O 2 Seeke 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

Seeie not, bRnd eyes^ the iiuing with the dead, 

Tis earth you fee: our Arundel is gone, 
• To ioyne with Chrijl, as member to his head, 

And skomes, and pities^ this our hootlejfe mone. 
Tet pardon vs,fweete Joule, mans nature beares^ 
We, to thy lojfe, Jhouldfacrifice our teares. 

Thou time haji changed to eternitie. 
But timeieffe was that time, in our regard. 
Since nought thou leatifi *os,faue the memorie. 
Of thy deare worth, fofoone not to bej^ard. 
Soft be the graue, vnto thy refiing bones : 
Short be the date, that vs againe atones. 

s.iUnim Vpon the Eaft fide of the Hauens entrance^ Saint. 

Caftk. Maryes, alias, S. Mawcs Caftle, with his Point-blanke 
Ordinance, comptroUeth any fhipping, that deferue 'a 
deniall of admiffion or paiTage, and is commaunded by 
mailer Viuian, a Gentleman, who through his worth de- 
Terueth, and with due care and iudgement difchargetb, 
the Martial] and ciuill gouernments committed to his 
truft : hec beareth partie perfejfe Ar. and Vnfafe 6. in 
chicfe, a Lyon rampant G. 

We will clofe vp this Hundred, after our vfuaH ma- 
ncr, with the Gentlemen of marke, but not orderly mark- 
ed. Such arc Tanner, who married the daughter of /S^/- 
carrock: who beareth A. on a chiefe 5. three Morions 
heads 0. Pomeroy, a branch of Bery Pomeroy in Deuon : 
he beareth O. a Lyon rampant G. who matched with 
Tanner, and whofc daughter & hcire apparant, hath taken 
to husband the yong Penkeuil, who beareth A. two Chcu- 
rons, and in chiefe a Lyon pa^fant G. 

PolwhtelK 



The fecond Boake. • . 143 

Polwheehf whofe name is deduced from his dwelling : 
and his dwelling may be interpreted^ The miry workc, 
linked in wedlock with the coheire of 7rencreeke^ in 
Englifli, The towne of the. borough. His mother was 
Lower of Trekisk. Pohoheel bearetb S. a Saultier cngray* 
led Erm. 

HearU^ lineally defcended from fundry Knights^ who 
wedded Treuanion : and his fonne Trejfry. 
Hee hearth ^1 a Feffc G. bctwcenc 3. Sheldrakes pro- 
per, 

* Saiv/e, who efpoufed Rajhleigh : and his father^ Ken^ 
-dall^ &e. and beareth^. a Cheuron betweene 3. Paul- 
cons heads erafed S^ 

Pidjer Hundred. 

« ' .' • 

IMuft now, for a while, bid the South fea farewell, 
vntill a new oportunity call mee to end the other part 
of Falmouth hauen, and take the Hundred of Pider ia 
taske, which confineth with Powder in fituation, as it 
f eiembleth the fame in denomination. 

Pider in Gornijb is, 4. in English, aqd this is the fourth. 
Hundred of Cornwall^ if you begin your reckoning from 
the Wcfter part, at Penwilh, which (fignifying a h^ad) 
doth feeme fo to require it. 

In cntring this Hundred, Padftowe firft prefenteth it faJpw^ 
felfe, a towne and hauen of futeable quality, for both 
(though bad) are the beft, that the North Cornijh coaft 
poffefleth. The Borough gaue name to the harbour, 
and borroweth it of Pctrock and Stowe, contracft^ing the 
fame into Padrtowc. It hath lately purchafed a cor- 
poration,^ and reapeth greated thrifty by tracking. 

Oo 3 with. 



77)6 Suruey of Cor/iwalL 

with Ireland, for which it commodioufly Jieth: 

The h^bor is barred with banks of fand, made 
(through vniting (heir weake forces) fafficientty ftrong, 
to refift the Oceans threatning billows, which (diuorcbd 
from their parent) find tlldrrage fubdiied by the others 
lowly fubmtilion. 

M. Nicholas PrftfeauXf from his new iand ftatdy hchiie, 
thereby taketh i ftil and large profpeft of the towne^ 
haued, 5c countrey adioyning, to all which^ hit wt/ciome 
is a flay, his authority a direftion. He maried one of 
/'SfV/j coheires s and' though eijidowcd with fayrc rcuen- 
nues in Deuan, maketh Cornnvatt behoidem to his reft** 
dence. He beareth A. a Cheuron S. in chief a fyle with 
three Lambeaux G. 

The fait water leaning Padftowe, floweth vp into the 
countrey, that it may embrace ^e riuer Camel, and 
faaaing performed this natural! coortefie, cbbeth tiway 
againe, to yield him the freer pa:flage, by which meanA 

«FW# they both vndergoe Wade brklge, the kmgeft, ftrongeft^ 

^'*'' and fayreft that the Shire can muftcr. It tooke 
his name of a foorde adioyning, which afibofdeth a 
way, not (o fafe, as compendious, whccr the tyde is 
out. 

Wade bridge deliuereth you into a waftc ground, 

9^/^lr/• where 9. long and great flones, called The fifters, (lathi 
in a ranke together, and feeme to haue bene fo pitched, 
for continuing the memory of fomewhat, whofe notice 
is yet enuicd vs by time. 

Neere to Belowdy, commonly, & not vnproperly, term- 
ed Beelowzy, the top of a hill is enuironed with deep 
treble trenches, which leaue a large playne fpace in the 

D^aS^ midft : they call it Cafiellan Danis, of which my former 

booke 



ThtfeCQttd Booh. 144. 

hooke makoth mention ; and it fecmeth (in times paft) to 
hjtue bin a matter of rnqmeat^ the rather^ for that a great 
cawfey (Qow.coaered with grafle) doth lead vnto it. 

Saint Colmnbs \% a bigge pari(h» and a meuie market s^c^lomiu 
towne» fafaiea to the Lordflnip and patrooage of the 
I^nhearn Arundels^ who for many defcents^ lye there 
ioterred|.as the , iofcriptions 00 their graue ilonesdoe 



Theire name is deriaed firom^ Hirundelle^ in French^ a . 
Sjwallonr, &; oat cf France^ at the conqoeft they came, 5c 
fizfi Swaliawes .they giue in. Armes* The Coantry peoole 
entitle them. The great ^vW^/r^ and.goBateft ftrake^ 
for loue, liiiing/and uipeA, in the Coohtrey heretofore 
lYkfffbfUt.' .. . »' . . 

Their iaydhouie of Lanhearne, fhindeth in the next Uubmrn. 
paniOby callediMawgan : hadu isjCornifi&r a bank^and. 
on! ^ banks die fame is Ceated, iwhat beame may nsean, 
tgnoraace.bi4^ mee kiepe flcake> it is. apportenanced : 
with a large fcope of land, which (i«hile the owjiera 
there Iwe^) .wasomployadtofraqkchio yet the 

fame wanted wpod» in lieu .whereof, they'hurned headi# . 
and generally, it is more regardable for profit, then com** 
mendablcforpleafure. 'The^enti haw lining, macicd 
Anne the ,daY^bteri of B^nry Gemingham : hia father (a 
man ofjagoodly.prefeiicie^andkinde magnanimity) maried 
the daughter of the £arie.of« Darby,. and widdow to the 
lu.Siourtoni lie bdareth S. 6« Swallowes in pile A. 

JLittle Colan.hath le0e worth the obferuation, vnlefie 
you will deride, or pity th^irliaiplicity, who fought at 
ovir Lady Nants well thecc, to. foreknowe what fortune ^^ik 
(houLd ibptide (hem, which^^jtasin.this maner : 

Vpon. Palm Sanday« thc^. idle*headedieckers.reJbrt^ 
ed thither, with a palme croile in one hand, & an offring 

Oo 4 in 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

in the other*: the ofFring fell to the Pdeftsfiitre, the 
Croflfe they threwe into the. well \ whichif it fwatnme^ 
the party (hould oatltue that yeere ; if it funk» a fhorti 
enfuing death was boded: and perhaps, not altogether 
vntruely, while a foolifii conceyt^of this haliening might 
the fooner helpe it onwards. A contrary praiSife to ihe 
Lt^nicus goddefs lunoes lal^e in Laconia : for there» if. the wbeaten 
Var.Hift. cakes, caft in vpon her feftiuall day, were by the water. 
c^'.Vo. rccciued, it betokened good lack ; if reieidbed, ^ euill. 
The like is' written by PaufaniaSfOi Inus in Greece, atid - 
by others touching the offi-ingsthrdwne intotfae fornace. 
of mount Etna in SicilL . *•.. 

From hence, by the double duety <^ confanguinitie ^ 
c#>- and affinity, I am called to flop at Cofbwarth, which in^ * 
num-tb. habitance altered the Inhabitants *from their former 
French name Efcudifer^ in Englifli, Iron (hield, to his \ 
owne, as they prooue by olde euidence, not needing in * 
the Norman Kings new birth, to be diftinguiflied with 
the Raigners number. 

Cofowarth, in Cornijb^ importetb The high groue : . 
and well flored with trees it hath bene, neither is yet 
altogether deftitute. . . . 

lohn the heire of thathoufe, hauing by the daughter . 
of Williams f iflue only one daughter Katherine^ fuffered . 
part of his lands to defcend vnto the children of her 
firft husband, ^i!?/f HiT^: another part hee intayled in 
her fecond marriage, with Arundel of Trerice, to their 
iflue. The houfe of Cofowarth, and the aimcient in- 
heritance there adioyning, he gaue to the heires male of 
his flock, by which conueyance, his vncle lohn fucceeded, 
who married the daughter of Sir WiL Lock^ King H. the . 
3^ marchant, and by him knighted, for that with equall 

courage. 



Tliis /ec/md Booke. 145 

courage, and hazard, hec tooke downe the Popes Bujl^ 
fet vp at Antwerp againft his Soueraignc. He had iflae 
ThomaSy Edward, Michael, lohn, and Robert. Thomas 
maried the daughter of Samtabyn, on whom he begat 
lohn and Dorothy: John the elder and Robert^ neucr 
tafted the fwect and fowre of bridalc fruit. 

Michael tooke to wife Sidet^hav^s daughter of Dul- 
verton in Somerfet Hiire, and is father onely of iiljbe 
female. 

Hee addideth himfelf to an Ecclefiafticall life, and 
therein ioyning Poetry with Diuinity, endeuoureth to 
imitate the holy Prophet Dauid, whofe Pfalmes, of his 
tranflation into English meeter, receiue the general ap- 
plaufe, beyond a great many other wel-defcruing vnder- 
takers of the fame taske. 

lohn the youngeft, focceeding in this inheritance, vpon 
iuft caufe, good confcience, and gratefull kindnefle, re- 
newed the intayle which his father Thomas had cut off, 
and in a fingle eftate, and the vniuerfallloue of all that 
conuerfed with him, made a (hort period of his long 
hoped life : whofe deceafe I bewayled in thefe rimes. 

HE that at/ea and land amidji hisfoes^ 
By courage guided, fought ^ andfcapt his deaths 
Loe, here, amongjl hisjriends^ whom liking chofe^ 
And nature lent, hath vp refignd his breath. 
Vnripened fruit in grouth, precious in hope. 
Rare in effect, had fortune giuen fcope. 



Our eyes with teares performe thine obfequy, 

'^ }ce hands could yea 
Pp Our 



KJur €yes 'wnn tcarts yt^rjurmt: ininfi uufe^uy. 

And hearts withfgheSfJince^ hands could yeeld none aid. 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

Our tongues with praifi preftrue thy memtnry^ 
And thoughts nvito grieft^Jince we behind arejiaid. 
Cofwarth farewelU death which vs parts atwaine^ 
Ere long^ in life^ Jbali vs coniopte againe. . 

His lifter maried Kendall. 

Edward his vnclc, and heire, by vertoe of thefe ea- 
tayles^ married the daughter of Arundel of Trerice^ 
and from a ciuill Courtiers life in his younger yeers> 
tepofeth his elder age, on the good husbandry of the 
country, hauing raifc^ pofterity fufficient, for tranfplant-^ 
ing the name into many other quarters. He beareth 
A. on a Cheuron betweene three wings B. fiue Be« 
^ants. 

Againft you haue pafTed towards the Weft fomewhat 
TrnUi. more then a mile, Trerice, anciently, Treres, oflTereth 
you the viewo of hts coftly and commodious buildings* 
What ^re is, you know already, r^x fignifieth a ruftiing 
of fleeting away, and vpon the declyniog of a lull the 
houfe is feated. 

In Edward the 3. raigne,^ Ralphe Arundel matched' 
with the heire of this Jand and name : fince which time,, 
his iflue hath there continued, and encreafed their lluely- 
hood, by iWidry like Inheritours, as S. lohn^ lew^ Du^ 
rant^ T/mrleiearf &c, 

Prccifcly to rip vp the whole pedigree, were more te- 
dious, then behoouefull : and therefore I will onely (as 
by the way) touch fome fewc poynts, which may fcruo 
(in part) to (hew what place & regard they haue borne 
in the Common wealth. 
7. ii'.c. There was an Indenture made> bctwccae Hugh^ 
* Courtney, Earlc of Deuon, Lciutcnant to the King, for 



r 

Tie fecand BmHu. 146 

a Tea voyage, in defence of the Realme : and Sir I^hn 
Arundel of Trerice, for accompanying him there- 
in. 

He was Skerifo of Comwati. g j£ 

lohn Earle of Hunttngdoo, ynder his ieale of Armes, j. h, e[ 
made Str John Arunde/o( Trtnct, Senelhall of , his hoaf<» 
hold, as well in peace, as in warre, gaue him ten 
pound fee, and allowed hioi entertaynmcQt in hi9 hoa&^ 
for one Gentleman, three Yeonun^ one boy, aad ^xft 
horfcs. 

The fame Earle, fliltiig himfelfit Lieutenant geoerall 8. H. 6. 
to hhn Duke of Bedfofx}, Conftfbie and Admirall of 
England, wrote to the faid Sir lohn Arut^h then Vice^ 
admirall ofComwalh for the releafe of a (hip, which hee 
had arrefted by vertue of his office. 

The Queene, by her letter, aduertifed lohn Armideldii^ ^- V 
Trerice Efqmre, that (he was brought in chiid*>bed of 12. oa^ 
a Prince. 

The King wrote to Sit hhn Arundel of Trerice, that n-a «. 
he (hould giue his attendance at Canterbury, about the 
entertaynment of the Emperour, whofe landing was then 
and there expeded. 

lohn Arundel of Trerice Efquire, tooke prifoner, 14. h. s, 
Duncane Campbell^ a Scot, in a fight at iea, as our 
Chronicle mentioneth, concerning which, I thought it 
not amiife, to infcrt a letter fent him from Tho* Duke of 
Norfolke (tq whom he then belonged) that you may ice 
the flile of thofe daye$« 



Ppi By 



The Suruey of Cortmall. 

By the Duke of Norf 

"n Ight welbelouedy in our hearty ivife we commend vs vn^ 
-*^ fo yoUf letting you wit, that iyyourferuant, this bearer, 
wee haue receyuedyaur letters, dated at I'ruru the 5. day 
efthis moneth of April, by which we perceyue the goodly, 
valiant, and ieopardous enterfrije, it hat hf leafed God of late 
to fend you, by the taking ^Duncpcye Camel & other Scots 
on thefea ; of which enter prife we haue made relation vnta 
the Kings Highneffe', who is riptjt little ioyous. and glad, to 
htare of the fame, and hath required njs infant ly in hi^ 
name:, to giueyQU:than^ for yo^irfaid valiant courage^ and 
bolde. enter prtfe /« the prinufes: and by thefe our letters, 
for the fame your fo doingi we doe not pnfly t/iunke you in 
our" mofi effehuall wife, but alfo^romtfe you^ that, during 
our life^ wee will bee ^lad to adkiauncejou to any preferment 
we can. And ouer this, youjhall vnderftand, ourjaid So- 
ueraigne Lords pleafure is^ that you, Jhall come and repaire 
to his.Highnes,.with diligence in your owne perfon^ brings 
ing with you thefaid Captiue, and the Mafer of the Scott iJJx 
Jhip ; at which time, you Jhall not onely be fur e of his efpe^^ 
ciall thanks by mouthy & to know liis further pleafure 
therein, but alfo of vs to further any your reafonable pur^ 
fuits *unto his HighneSy or any other ^^ during our life, to tha 
beji of our pnwer, accordingly. Written at Lambeth, tha 
1 1 . day of Apr ill aforefaid. 

Superfcribed : To our right vvelbeloued 

fcruant, lohn Arundcil of 
Trcricc* 

The 



-- 7%e fecandBooke. 2 147 

The King wrote to Sir John Ar. of Trerice, touching 35. /ii s. 
his difcharg^c from the Admiralty of the fle?te, lately- 
committed vnto him, & that he fliould deliuer the (hip 
which he fayled in, to Sir Nic. Poynts. 
^ The fame ycre the King wrote to him againe, that he: 
fhoqld attend hkn in his warras againft the French king, 
with his fcruantsj tenan^ts, and others, within his roomes 
and • offices, efpeciallyhorfemen. ... 

^ Other fetters from the King there are, whofe date, 
is not exprefled, neither can I. by any meanps hunt it 

ODt. 

One, to hi^ feruant hhn Arundel of Trcr4ce Efquir^ 
willing him, not to repairewith his m?n, ajud to wajrtc 
in the rereward of his army, as h6^ had commaunded 
htm, but to fceepc them in a readincffc for fome other 
fcruicc* • . ' 

Another, to Sir hhn Aruniiel of Trcrkc, praying and 
defiring him to the Court, the S^uindene of Saint HiUarie 
ijext, wherefoeuer the King (hall then bee within the ' 
Rcalme. 

; There are alfo letters, directed to Sir hhn Arundell oi 
Trerice, from the Kings CounfcU, by (bme of which it 
it appeareih, that bee was Viceadmirall of the Kings Ed, d, 
(hippes, in the Weft fcas, and by others, that hee had 
the goods and lands of certaine Rebels, giucn him, for 
his good feruicc againft them. 

The Qneene wrote to Sir hhn Arundell of Trerice, j. jj/^. 
praying aiiti requiring him, that hee, with his friends 
and neighbours, (hould fee the Prince of Spaine moft 
honourably entertained, if he fortuned to land in Corn-- 

P p 3. Sheti 



7ie Suruey of Cornwall 

Swr/nii- Borough, calkd Borfnceuas, in Engliih, Cheapfull, there- 

"'"* wilh to thicken his other ground. In the bottome of 
which he found three white ftones, triangle-wife (as pil- 
lers) fupporting another flat one, fome two foote and a 
' halfe fquarej and in the midfl betweene them, and vnder 
it> an earthen Pot, halfe full of a blacke Hymie, and ill- 
fauouring fubftance, which (doubtleiTe) was once the 
a(hes of fbme notable perfon, there committed to that 
maner of buriall. 

^S.Jgms. Saint Agnes, one of the high hils, which I fpecially 
recited in my former booke, by his cntrailes (like Prome- 
theus) feedeth the Tynners pecking, or picking bils, with 
a long lined profit, albeit, their fcarcle Eagle eyes fome- 
times miftake the (hadow for the fubAance, and fo offer 
vp degenerate teares, as a late facrifice to repentance. 
The neighbours haue obferued, that of two Lakes, neere 
adioyning to this hill, and fo each to other, the one will 
fofter fi(h, and the other none at all. 

NnvKaj. Ncythcr may I omit ncwe Kaye, a place in the North 
coaft of this Hundred, fo called, becaufe in former times, 
the neighbours attempted, to fupplie the defedt of na- 
ture, by Art, in making there a Kay, for the Rode of 
(hipping, which conceyt they ftill retayne, though want 
of means in themfelues, or the place, haue left the ef- 
fed: in Nubibus : and onely lent them the benefit of 
Lcftercockes and fi(her-boates. 

I cannot fini(h this Hundred, with the relation of 
many more Gentlemen, eyther through want of them, 
or in my felfe. Trenance added to his owne liuelyhood, 
the pofTeflions of Littleton^ to whome, as fifters fonne, 
and generall heire, hee fucceeded and married Kendal/^ 
and his fonne Rofcarrocke: hee bearcth A. a F^^,' be- 
tweene 



The feamd Bwh. 149 

twcenc three Swords S. 

There dwelleth tlfo Mafter Tredenickf who matched 
\idth the daughter of Fiuian, and his father^ of Mar^w^ 
Who beareth O. on a bend S. three Buckes beads cabafed 
A. ' As alfo Langheme B. a Chcuron betweene 3. Efca- 
lops 0. Burlaces A. on a bend iS. two hands tearing in 
funder a horfe-'ihooe of the field ; and others. 

Kerier Hundred. 

KEry in C&rnifi>, fignifietfa bearing: and yet you muft 
beare ^t^ me, if I forbeare to derine Kerier here^t 
from, vntill I fee fome reafon for my warrant : wherefore 
leaning that> I will weaoe on my former webbe of Fal« 
mouth haueni and firfti a word or two touching the 
fame in generally ere I defeend to the yet tndeibribed 
Weft fide in particular 

The riuer Fala, falling here, into the fdac wido^gaptng 
mouth, hath endowed it with that name« 

In the very entrance of the harbour lyeth a rocke, ra^ 
ther difgracing, then endamagmg the fame : for with tlM 
ebbe it is difcouered^ and at the flood, marked by a pole 
purpoTety fixed fhtrei»pon. For the reft^ filch as com«* 
pare Plymmduth and Falmouth togeriier, obftruc, that 
PlymmoutbcMekeKarexfloftlyciMft^ with plaioeihoaresi 
Falmouth, with fteepe : which maketh that, the more 
delightfuU for proiped, this, the more fafe for riding. 
Agatne, they fay ^at Falmouth ly«th farther out id 
the tradb way, and fo o&edi ^a fooncr opbrtvnity to 
wind-driuen (hipping, th«n Plymmoutli^ but that PJym<< 
mouth hath a better outlet, fvo^ his Catwater^ for iaylera . 

Q^q bound 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

bound to the Wcftwards, and from Hanxoafe for thofe 
that would fare to the Baft, then Falmouth. Likewxfe 
as Plymmouth vaunteth richer and fairer townes, and grea* 
;er plentie of fi(h then Falmouth : fo Falmouth braggeth» 
that a hundred fayle may Anker .within his circuite, aad 
no one of them fee the others top, which Plymmuth 
cannot equall. Howfoeuer they agree for competence 
among themfelues, the worfl of them, by moft mens 
iudgements» hath the precedence (Milford onely except- 
ed) of all other hauens in England. And thus much of 
the whole. Now to the parts. 
. . On the Weft iide^ at the verie comming in, there rifeth 

ftndmU a-hill, called Pendenis, where king Hinrie the eigJatbp 

^^^* when hee tooke order for fortifying the Sea coafls, cauf-* 
ed a Caftle to bee builded^ with allowance of a pettie 
GarrifoD, and fome fma)I ftore of Ordinance. Another, 
fomewhat Uke thereto in plot^ but diffisrent in fight^ was 

5. Ua^s then eredted in the other iide^ at Saint Mawes^ of which 

Ci^ie. J banc fpokcn hetetofbre. 

Saint Mawes lieth lower^ and better to annoy (hip- 
piog : but Pendents ftandetb higher, and (Ironger to de- 
fehd it fdfe. * It £hoald feeme^ the fortifier made his ad- 
uantage of the cprnmoditie, affoorded by the ground, 
and (hot rather at a &fe pre&ruiog the Harbour, from 
fodaine attempts of little Fleetes, and the maftering of 
Pirates, then to withftand any great Nauie, or maigne 
inuafion. , 

. But; her Maieftie. cafting fxa equall eye to both, or ra«- 
ther a (harper fight to , this later, as quickned through 
the enemies diutrs pretences againft the(e places«( where- 
of Falmouth, by myracle^ not prouidence^ efcaped 
one) rayfed a new fort with a ^arrifoo^ vpon the 

Hawe 



72^ fecond Booke. 150 

Hawe^at Plymmouth^ and at her great charges^ with 
^ fome little helpe of the Countrie, added an increafe of 
fortification and fouldiers to Pendenis. Howbeit, his 
greateft ftrength confifteth in Sir Nicholas Parker, the 
Gouernouo who demeaning himfelfe, no lefle kindly^ 
and frankly towards his neighbours, for the prefent, then 
hee did refolutely» and valiantly, againft the enemie 
when he followed the warres i therethrough coqi- 
maundetb, not onely their bodies, by his authoritie, 
but alfo their hearts, by his loue, to liue and die in 
his afliftance, for their common preferuation, and her 
HighnefTe feruice : hee beareth B. Frettie, and A. a 
Fcffe O. 

After the declining hill hath deliuered you downe 
from this Caftle, Arwenacke ehtertaineth you, with a jlrw- 
pleafing view : for the fame ftandeth fo farrc within the •*^*'- 
Hauens mouth, that it is prote6ted from the fea ftormes, 
and yet fo neere thereupto, as it yeeldeth a ready pafiage 
out. Befides the ClifFe, on which the houfe abbutteth, 
^ is fteepe enough to (houlder off the wanes, and the 
• ground about it, plalne and large enough for vfe and 
recreation. 

It is owed by Matter lohn KiUigrew, who married the 
daughter of Monck, and heire to her mother 
and was fonne to Sir lohn Killigrew, who matched with 
Woluerfione : the ftocke is ancient, and diners of the 
branches (as I haue elfewhere remembred) growne to 
great aduancement, in calling and Kuely-hood, by their 
greater defcrt : their Armes aVc A. an Eagle with two 
heads difplayed within a bordure Bezanty S. 

Somewhat aboue Arwenacke, Trefufes point di^ Tu/kfir. 
uideth* the harbour, and yeeldeth a feuerall Ankering 

(^ 2 .^ place 



. 17)6 Suruey of CornwalL 

place on eche fide thereof; the one called Carrack rode> 
the other. Kings rode. 

This Promontory is poffefTed and inhabited by g 
Gentleman of that 'name, who fuitably to his name, 
giaeth three Fufils for his coat, in this fort ; ^, a Cheu*- 
ron betvreene three Fufils S. He maried the coheire of 
Gaurigaut and M. fViL Godolphin% late yongcr brother to 
Sir Frauncis, her other fiftcr. 
Vpon the left hand from hence, at the top of a creek, 

Tfryn. Pcrin townc hath taken vp his feat, rather paiTable, then 
coteable, for wealth, buildings, and Inhabitants ; in all 
which, though neere the oauens mouth, it giueth 
Truro the preeminence : the like whereof I obferue, 
touchijQg diuers other townes^ of the fame fituation, in 
DeuQu^ as Salcomb, and Kings bridge, Dartmouth, and 
Totnes, Top/ham, and Excefter : amongft which, thofe 
that ftand higheit vp in the Countrey, affoord there* 
through, a fitter oportunity of accefle, from all quarters, 
and U> a fpeedyer and larger vent of their commodi* 
ties. 
, In Perin was Glafncy CoUedge, founded by Wal- 

^^5"* ter Brounfcombf & benefited by lolm Graundfon^ BiiLops * 

^3^7* of Excefter, which See pofiefleth faire reucnues there- 
abouts. 

Carckw. Vpon another creeke on the iame fide, Carclew hath 
(after the Cornijh maner) welneere metamorphofed the 
name of Mafter BonitAon, his owner, into his ovvne. He 
maried the daughter of Viuian^ his father of Killigrew, 
. his graundfather of Ertfyf and beareth A. a Cheuron be- 
tweene 3. Floures de luce. S. 

With any miemorable ad or accident, concerning 
4 this 



Tie fecofid Beoke. 151 

this hauen^ I cannot acquaint youj, before my parting; 
thercfrogj, faue oncly, that Philips Arch-*^kp of Aaf- 
triche^ during his voyage from Netherland towards 
Spayne (his wiues kingdomc) was weather*driuen into 
Weymouth, and, with a kinde conftraint, receyued % 
more royall, then welcome entertainoient, at the haiMis 
of King llenrie the 7. from which hee eotild not fre€ 
himfelf^ but by redeeming his libertie, with Di la Poohs 
captiuity. This accompUfiied» he made choyce to take 
fhip againe at Falmouth^ that fo by the fliorteft cut, hee 
might ]eaue leaft power in fortune, to thwart him any 
/ccond incumbrance* 

Hailford, fo called, of the fordible riuer Haill, if elfe** aijini. 
where placed, would carry the reputation ofz good har- 
bour; but as it now ilandeth, Falmouths ouer*neere 
neighbourhood, lefieneth his yfe, and darkenetb bis re« 
putation, as quitting it onely to the worft fort of Sea-^^ 
farcrs, I meane, Pirats, whofe guilty brefti, with an eye 
in their backs, iooke warily how they may goe out, ere 
they will aduenture to enter ; and this at vnfortifyed 
Hailford, cannot be controlled : in which regard, it not 
vnproperly brooketh his more common terme of Hel*» 
ford, and the nick*name of Stealfoord. 

His (bores afibord commodious feates^ to the dwe!-- 
lings of Resiimer, who maried iS^ Abin, and beareth £. 3,. 
barres A. in chiefe a Wolfe paiTant of the firfl : and 
Tregofe^ who matched with Kendal :^ his fonne with 
Ert/yy and beareth B. two barres Geaiewes in chiefe a: 
Lyon pafTant O. armed and langued G. 

And if your eares be not already cloyed with rela-- 
tion of wonders, I will let you vnderAand, how I was 
ooce carried to fee one hereabouts. It is (forfooth) a 

CLq 3 great: 



^ht Suruey of Cornwall. 

great rock, lying vpon the ground, his top deepned to a 
hoUowneiTe, not much vnlike in fa(hion, but far exceed- 
ing in proportion the long halfe of an egge. This (they 
fay) holdeth water^ which ebberh and floweth as the fea, 
and, indeed, when I came thither, the tyde was halfo 
out, and the pit halfe empty. By it there ftands a 
Chappell, & to it there belonged a couer, fo as the fame 
ftemed, in former times, to cary fome regard. But I 
haue heard credible perfons fo dtfcredit this woonder, 
that I dare not offer it you, as probable, much lefle thruft 
it vpon you, as approoued. The name thereof is, Han-* 

HMMtir- terdauis, which (turning d to t) fignifieth halfe a 

^^'" tongue. 

More certaine, though lefle wonderfull, and yet, for 

Maim* the ftrangenefle, wel worth the viewing, is Mainamber : 
idayne^ is a rocke^ amber ^ as fome fay, fignifieth Ambrofe. 
And a great rocke the fame is, aduaunced vpon fome 
others of a meaner fize, with fo equall a counter- 
peyze, that the pu(h of a finger, will fenfibly moue it 
too and fro : but farther to remooue it, the vnited forces 
of many (boulders are ouer-weake. Wherefore the 
Cornijh wonder-gatherer, thus defcrybeth the fame. 

"DE thou thy mother natures worke, 
^ Or proof e of Giants might : 
WorthleJJe and ragged though thou jheWf 

Tet art thou worth thefght. 
This hugy rock^ one fingers force 

Apparently will moue ; 
But to remooue it, manyjlrengths 

Shall all like feeble prooue. 

Helfton, 



amttr* 



1l$i fecond. Bm^c^ ^ 1^2 

, HeI(lon/ih Cornijhi Hellaz, in Eoglifli^ the grccnc Helflon. 
jhail, is awcilfcattedand peopled townc, priuUedged,^^- 
cundum vfinttr with the reft, and one of the 4. Coyoage 
places^ 

Vnder it runneth the riuer Lo, whofc pafTage into the lopoob. 
fea, is thwarted by a Tandy banke, which forceth the 
fame to quart back a great way, and fo to make a poole 
of fome miles in compaffe. It breedeth a peculiar kind 
of baftard Trought, in bigneffe and goodnes esccceding 
foch as liue in the fre(h water, but comming fliort of 
thofe that frequent the fait. 

The foreremembred. bank ferueth as a bridge, to do- 
liuer wayfarers,, with a compendious paflage, to the other 
^de ; .howbeit, ibmetimes with more hafte theji good 
^eed : for now and then, it is fo preiTed. on the:iafide, 
with the increafing riuers waight, .aod.a pprtjonof tho 
vtter fand, fo waihed downe by (he .waues; that at a 
fudden, out breaketh the vpper part of the poole,. and 
away goeth a great deale of the fand, water, and fi£b : 
which inftant, if it take^ any paflenger ticdy, (hrewdly 
endangereth him, to flit for company : and fo'me hauc 
fo mi^arried. 

: To this poole ad ioyneth M.. Penro/e hU hou&, whofe 
kind entertainment hath giuen otee, and many pthera 
experience of thefe matters. He maried the daughter 
otRaJhhigh: he beareth A. 3. fiendeisjS'* chained with 
9. reftes.of the field. ... 

* Thofe. 2 . riuers of Haill and Lo, rifing not farre afun- 
der, doe enclofe betweene them, as they rqnue into the 
fea, a neck of land, particularized with the name 6f 
Meneag : and in regard of his fruitfulnefie, not vn worthy Mtmag. 
of a feuerance. 

Q^ 4 Within 



Tie Sitrtuy of Cermoall. 

Whhm this direoit, fie Trdawarreo M . Viuians hofafe^ 
and Erifyt fciated in e. periihes, and defcended^ by a long 
rankt of anceftoors, to the Gent, of that oaitto> now in 
ward. His father married Carew : his graundiire, one 
of JM^rMx coheireS) who ouerliuing her husband* ended 
the courfe of her long and well commended widdow^ 
hood, in bccomtning Lady to Sir Nicholas Parker. The 
Entaiei beare S. a Cbearon, betweene 3. Griffons Ser« 
greant O. 

Ctowance (dierined from Chow, which fignificth^ to 
heare) is the poiTeilion and dwelling of M. Saintabitt^ 
wboft «ery nsime (bcfides the conqucft roll) dednceth 
his firft iottceftoOTS ou of Fraiiooe. His graondfather 
mart ied Oreinuile z hm £ithcr» one of tf^hittingtons co*| 
heiresi: whieb Uittr coaj^le* in a long and peaceable date 
of yMrtSi eatcrcifbd a kmde^ hberalU and neoer difoon** 
tiniied ho^itality. Hfmfdfe tooke to wife the daoghtcr 
of Malkt^ and vritb lipe knowlcxlge and fonod iiKlge-» 
tnent, difchafgetb she pkce which he beareth in his 
Co«)fitrey. Hee beancfa 0« 00 a croflfe G. fine Be«* 
aafltits. , 

Pengueraz» in Cornijb importeth a head to help ^ from 
^khy jbttie deduce «the Etymon of Pengerfick» a fayre 
houfe^ in an vhfraitfBU foyle^ fometimes the inhabiuncc 
of M. MiUtcn, CapCaine of the Mount, and husband to 
Godolphiny whofi: fonne being loft in his trauaile beyond 
the feas, enriched 6. diflafs with his inheritance. Thej 
were bdftowed in mariage (but by me not orderly mar«* 
fhalled) as foUoweth: i. to Erijy^ and Sir HkhdoB 
Pariir. 2. to Lanine^ '3* to Trefufi^s^ and ^regodeck^ 
4. to Trenwith, Anmdel^ and He^e, 5. to Bofdthon^ 6. 
to Abbot. 

Not 



I7>e fecMd Bodke. i^j 

Not htit £roni thenc6| rifeth Goddghtn-ball, ot hiih 
at whofe footd flandeth ft houfe of the fame dame, and 
fo imitling his owner, though lately declined (with a 
milder accent) to Godolphin : in Cornijh^ it fignifieth, a 
white Eagle : and fuch armes they carry in this fort : G. 
an Eagl^ difplayed with two headd, betweene three 
Floures de luce A. 

This hill hathi for diuers defcent^, fupplyed thoie 
Gent. bountifuU mindes, with large meanes accruing 
from their Tynne-work*, and is now potfefled by Sir 
Frauncis Godolphin Knight^ whofe zeale in religion, vp- 
rightnefle in lufticc/ prouidence in gouernmem, and 
plentifall houfekeeping, haue wonnc him a very great 
and reuerent reputation in his Countrey : and th^e ret-- 
tues, together with his feruices to her Maieftie^ are i^ 
fufficiently knowne to thofeof higheft plae*, as ftty teftt* 
mony can adde little light theretinto : but by hk hbdura 
and inuentions in Tynne matters^ not onely the wh<^ 
Countrey hath felt a geiieratl bei^effit, fo as the ietferali 
owners haue thereby gotten very great profit out irf 
fuch rcfufe works, as they before had giuen oucr for 
vnprofitable; but her Maiefty hath alfo receyued en- 
creafe of her cuftomes by the fame, at leaft to the value 
of 10. thoufand pound. Moreouer, in thofe works which 
are \X his owne particular inheritance, bee continoally 
kecpeth at work, three hundred perfons or tbereaboulf, 
& the yercly benefit, that out of thofe his works accrueth 
to her Maicftie, amounteth, comnitmlbus annis, to orte 
thoufand pound at the leaft, and fometimes to much 
more. A matter very remorceable, and percbaunce not 
to be matched againe by aliy of his ibrt and condition 
in the whole Realme. He fucceeded to the inherit 

Rr tance 



nuunti 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

SMicboils is in cctnparifbn, but a flep) S. Michaels mount looketh 
fo aloft> as it brooketh no concurrent, for the higheft 
place. Ptohmey termcth it Ocrinum, the Ccrnijh men, 
Cara Cowz in C/owze, that is. The hoare rocke in the 
wood, 'f he fame is fundred from the mayae laiid> by 
a Tandy playne, of a flight (boot in breadth, paifable, at 
the ebbe, on foote ; with boat, on the flood. Your ar- 
riuall on the farther iide, is entertayned by an open 

greene, of fon^e largeneile, which finifliing where the 
ill beginneth, leaucs you to the condudtion of a winding 
and craggy path ; and that at the top, deliuereth you 
into a little plaioe, occupiedt for the greateft part, by a 
fort of the olde making. It comprifcdi lodgings for the 
Captayne and his garrifon, and a Chappell for deuotion. 
This latter, builded by ^i/J. Earle of Morion, to whom 
William the Conquerour his vncle, gaue much lands in 
thofe quarters, and greatly haunted, while folke endured 
their merits, by farre trauailing. they baue a tye pir^ 
not fo much fatisfying vie, as relieuing neceflitie. A 
little without the Cadle, there is a bad feat in a craggy 
place, called S. Michaels Chairc^ fomewhat daun* 
gerous for accede, and therefore holy for the aduen- 
ture. 

Vntill Richard the firfls raigne, the mount feemeth to 
haue ferucd onely for religion, and (during his imprifon«> 
ment) to haue bene firfl: fortified by Henry de la Pomeray^ 
who furpriztd it, and expulfed the Monks : howbeit 
foone after, when hee became afcertained of his Soue- 
raignes enlargement, the very feare of enfuing harme 
wrought in him a prefent effect of the vttermoft that 
any harme could bring, namely, his death: whereon,, 
the olde cell and new fort, was furrendred to the Arch- 

4^ bifliop 



Tie fecond Booh. 1 55 

bifliop of Canterbury, in the Kings behajfe. Thus Houe^ 
den reporteth. But the defcendents from this Pomeray^ 
alia^i Pomeroy^ maljie a fomewhat different relation of 
tJiis accident : for they ^ffirme, that a Sergeant at armes 
of the Kiqgs, caipe to their aunccftour, at his Caftlc of 
Bery Pomcroyi in Deuon^ receyued kind entertaynment 
for ccrtaine daycs together, and at his departure, was 
gratified with a liberall reward : in counter-change 
whereof, hp then, and no fooner, reuealing his long con- 
cealed errand, flatly arrefteth^his hoafte, to make his 
imaiediate appearance before the King, for anfwering 
a capital! crime. Which vnexpedecf and il-carryed 
meflage, the Gent, tooke in fuch defpite, as with his 
dagger hce ftabbed the meflenger to the heart: and 
then well knowing in io fuparlatiue an offence, all hope 
of pardon fojeclofed, he abahdones his home, gets to a 
filler of hi? abiding in this n^ount, bequetheth a large por- 
tion of his land to the religious people there, for redeeming 
his fouk : and ladly, caufeth himfclfe to be let bloud 
vnto death, for leaning the remainder' to his heirc : 
from which time forward, this place continued rather 
a fchoole of Mars^ then the Temple of peace. For 
ihortly after the difcomfiture of H. the 6. party, by Ed. u.e.^ 
the 4. at Barnet field, lohn Earle of Oxford, who had 
made one, and one of the principall on the weaker fide, 
arriued heere by (hipping, difguifed himfelfe, with fome 
of his followers, in Pilgrims habits,, therethrough got 
entranQe, maftrcd the garrifon, and feyzed the place. 
Which, thus politikely wonne, hee as valiantly kept, 
and kept a long time defended againfl the Kings power, 
vptill rcaXonable conditions fwaycd him to a furrcn- 
der» 

Rrs A. 



Tie Suruey of Cornwall. 

2. rol. ^ ^^^^ fiirprize^ but of later date, I read in Pope/i- 
Lii.^i. n/Vr^9 touching the like named and feated mount, in 
Normandy. 

During the lafl; Cornijh commotion, diuers Gent, 
with their wiues and families, fled to the protedion of 
this place, where the Rebels befieged them, firft wyn- 
ning the plaine at the hils foote, by aflault, when the 
water was out, and then, the euen ground on the 
top, by carrying vp great truflfcs of hay before them, 
to blench the defendants fight, and dead their (hot. 
After which, they could make but flender refiftance : 
for no fooner fhould any one within, peepe out his 
head, ouer thofe inflanked wals, but he became an open 
marke to a whole (howre of arrowes. This difaduan*- 
tage, together with the womcns difmay, & dccreafe of 
visuals, forced a furrender to thofe Rakehels mercy, 
who, nothing guilty of that effeminate vertuc, fpoylcd 
their goods, imprifoned their bodies, and were rather by 
Gods gracious prouidcnce, then any want of will, pur- 
pofe, or attempt, reftrayned from murdering the princi- 
pal! perfonSv 
i3.iy.7. Heere alfo, was the Lady Katherine Gordon (an vnfit 
yoke- fellow for that counterfeit Prince, Perkin War beck) 
taken by the L. Daubney^ and conueyed to the King. 
Of this, as the laft wonder. 

Who knowes not Mighels mount and chair f^ 

I'he Pilgrims holy vaunt : 
Both land^ and Iland^ twife a day^ 

Both fort f and port of haunt. 

Vnder the mount cxtendeth a bay, for Icfler veffcls to 

lie 



The fecond Booke. 156 

lie at : and betweenc it and the Weftcrne (hoare, there 
is an indifferent good road for fhipping, fauing vpon 
fome winds, called the Mounts bay : where, by Froijfarts Mounts 
report. Sir Robert Knolles landed, what time his returne ^^> 
out of Fraunce, was by K. Ed. the 3. commaunded, and 
for his valiant exployts there, atchieued, very gracioufly 
welcomed. 

Ouer-againft the Mount, fronteth a towne, of petty 
fortune, pertinently named Marcaiew, of Marhas diow. Mar-- 
in Englifti, the Thurfdaies market; for then it vfeth "'''^' 
this traffike. At the beginning of iiC. H. the 8. raigne, 
it felt the Frenchmens fiery indignation, who landed 
there with 30, fayle. But the fmoke of thofe poore 
houfcs, calling in the country to the refcufle, made the 
place oucr bote for the enemies any longer abode. 

Moufchole, in Corni/h, is named Porterm's, and in MoufeboU. 
Latin, Partus Infulcdy both importing one fenfe, to wir, 
the Hand hauen, and ib called^ through a Tittle Hand 
placed before it. 

M. HoKnJhed telicth vs, that neere heereunto, not 
many yecres fithence, certayne Tynners, as they were 
working, found Speare heads, Battel-axes, and fwords 
of Copper, wrapped in lynnen clouts, iand little impayr- 
ed through their long lying. 

Penfans, by interpretation. The Saints head, is a Ptnfamu 
market towne, not fo regardable for his fubftance, as 
memorable for his late accident of the Spaniards firing, 
which fell out in this mancr : 

The three & twentieth of July, 1595. foone after the 
Sun was rifen, and had chafed a fogge, which before kept 
the fea out of fight, 4. Gallics of the enemy prefentcd 
themfelues vpon the coaft, ouer-againft -Moufehole, 

R r 4 ^xi^ 



The Suruey of Cornwall. 

and there in a fairc Bay, landed about t^o hundred 
men, pikes and (hotj who foorthwith fent their forlorne 
hope, confiding of their bafeft people, vnto the ftraglcd 
houfcs of the countric, about halfc a mile compaffe or 
more, by whome were burned, not oncly the houfes 
they went by, but alfo the Parifli Church of Paul, the 
force of the fire being fuch, as it vttcrly ruined all the 
great ftonic pillers thereof: others of them in that time, 
Mou/ihb. burned that fiflier towne Mowfehole, the reft marched 
as a gard for defence of thefe firers. The Inhabitants 
being feared with the Spaniards landing and burning, 
fled From their dwellings, and verie meanely weaponed, 
met with Sir Francis Godolphin on a greene, on the 
Weft fide of Pcnfancc, who that forenoonc comming 
from his houfc, for pacifying fome controuerfies in thofc 
Weftern parts, and from the hils cfpying the fires irt 
that towne. Church, and houfes, haftcned thither : Who 
foorthwith fent to all the Captaines of thofc parts, 
for their fpccdie rcpaire with their companies, and alfo 
fent by Poaft to Sir Francis Drake^ and Sir lohn Haw- 
kins (then at Plymmouth with a fleete bound for the 
Indies) aduertifement of the arriuall of thefe foure Gal- 
lies, and of their burnings, aduifing them to looke to 
thcmfclues, if there were any greater fleete of the ene- 
mies at Sea, and to fend Weft with all hafte, what fuc- 
cours by fea or land they could fparc. Then Sir Francis 
Godolphin aduifcd that weake aflcmbly, to retire into 
Penfance, and to prepare it for defence, vntill the com- 
ming of the Countrie forces that hec had fent for. 
But they finding themfelues in number fomething aboue 
a hundred, wherein were about thirtic or fortie fhot, 
though fcarce one third of them were feruiceable, 

infifled 



Tbe fecond Booh. icy 

infifted to march againft the enemies, to rcpell them 
from farther fpoyles of their houfes. 

But while they were marching towards them, the 
Spaniards returned aboord their Gallyes, and- prefently 
remooucd them farther into the Bay, where they anchor-- 
ed againe, before and neere a leffcr fiflier towne, called 
Newlyn. 

There againe with all fpeede they landed, and imbat- 
telled in the flope of a hill, about foure hundred pikes 
and (hot, fending about two rankes of foldiers, three in 
a ranke, vp to the top of the hill, to difcouer what forces 
or ambufhcs of the Countrey might lye in view : who 
efpying none but thofe that were returned with Sir 
Fraimcss Godolphin^ from their forementioned fmitleflc 
march, gaue notice thereof to their imbattelled company. 
Wherevpon they forthwith marched towards Pen- 
zance, 

Vpon their mpouing. Sir Frauncis Godolphin moaed 
alfo, to epter Penzance before them; and afToone as chat 
weake number were cntred into the open greene being 
of three quarters of a mile length, the Gallyes ceafed 
not to ply them all that way with their ordinance from 
their prowes, as bufily as they could. Of which fliot, 
though none were hurt, but ondy a Conftable vnhorfed 
without any harme, fauing the fhew on bis doublet 
of the bullets Aiding by his back, yet .many in fearefull 
manner, fome fell Sat to the ground, and others ranne 
away. 

Sir Frauncis fcnt after thofe that were cntred Penzance 
before him, that they (hpuld make^ their (land at the 
market place> himfclfe flaying hindmoft, to obferpe 

Sf the 



Th^. Suruey of CormvalL 

the enemies order, and which way they would make 
their approach. Which done, he found at the faid 
market place but onely two refolute (hot, who flood at 
his commaund, and fome ten or twelue others that foU 
lowed him, moft of them his owne feruants ; the reft, 
furprifed with feare, fled, whom, neither with his per- 
fwafions, nor threatning with his rapier drawne, hec 
could recall. 

Finding himfelfe thus abandoned, and .the enemies 
entred the to>vne in three parts, he was then forced to 
depart^ the enemies beginning their fire fome houfes be- 
hindehim. The towne thus fired, as alfo the forementioned 
little fifhcr towne Ncwlyn, they returned againe to their 
Galliea. 

By this time, towards the cuening, the Cornijh forces 
eqcreafed in notnber, and amended in heart, encamped 
themfelues on the greene, neerc to the towne of Marke- 
few and S. Michaels Momux, for defence thereof, and there 
(pent out the night. The next day the enemy made fhowe 
tp land againe on tixe Wefl fide, of the bay; but feeing 
the people, though few in number, yet refolute to rcfifl:, 
they defiiicd. frotn their enterprise : and befides, finding 
themfelues annoyed by the fhooting of bullets ancj ar- 
rowes i«to their Gallies where they roade nt anchor, 
they were forced to remoue them farther off. 

Soone after, i;c?. on the 25. of luly in the morning, 
came thither Sir Nic.Cliffordj Sir H, Power, and certaine 
other Captaines, who were fcnt by the Generals from 
Plymmouth to the campe : As fome of her Maicflies 
{hips were alfo fent, who being come as farre as the Li-. 
Z^td head, 6c thofc Captaines to the camp^ matters there 

goe 



The fecond Booh. 158 

goe on in prouident and orderly fort, a plot is layd for 
intercepting the enemy by anibulh, if he thruft on fliore 
againe, whereto neceffity muft foone haue prefled him, 
for renuing his confumcd ftore of frefh water : but with- 
in one houre after the arriuall of thefe Captaines, the 
winde, *which was vntill then ftrong at Southeaft, with 
mift and rayne, to haue impeached the Gallies rcturne, 
fuddenly changed into the Northweft, with very fayre 
and cleare weather, as if God had a purpofc to preferuc 
thefe his rods for a longer time. The winde no fooner 
came good, but away pack the Gallies with all the haft 
they could. 

Thus haue you a fummary report of the Spaniards 
glorious enterprife, and the Cornijh mens infamous co- 
wardife, which (were there any caufe) I could qualify 
by many reafons, as, the fuddennefle of the attempt, the 
narrowneffe of the country, the openneflc of the towne, 
the aduantage of the Gallies ordinance on a people vn- 
prepared againft fuch accidents, through our long con- 
tinued peace, & at that very time, for the moft part, ey- 
ther in their Tynne-workes, or at fea, who e're the ntxt 
day made refinance, eu'en with a handful), and entred a 
vowed refolution, to rcuengc their lofle at the next en- 
counter, if the enemy had landed againe. 

So might 1 likewife fay, that all thefe crrcum- 
fiances mcetiiig in any other quarter of the Realme, 
would hardly haue produced much better cffeds. 
But I will not feeke to thruft my Countrymen into 
any other folkes company, for (hifting them out of 
fight. 

Verily fach fudden furprize?, worke more indignity 

S f z thcft 



mci^9^ 



lie Suruey of CarnwalL 

then datnmage, and more dammage then diigrace^ and 
haue fo beene euer conftriied. Mofcho^ a head Citie in 
a populous dominion, was burned by the roguing Tar- 
Liu.ULy tars, anno'domini iS7^^ ^^^ CapitoU, a bead fortrcfle, 
in a populous Citie, was taken by flaues and outlawes, 
anno vYbis^ 292. and yet, who therefore exalteth the 
Tartars valiancy, aboue the Mofchouite, or the Romanes 
flaues & outlawes, aboue their mafters ? Be(ide5t Aich 
nap-taking afTaults, fpoylings, and firings, -haue in our 
. forefathers daies, betweene vs and Fraunce, beene very 
common ; and yet, who is fo witlelTe, as to twite ey ther 
of both, for the fame ? 

But leaft hold can the author, and adtor of this Tra- 
gedy take, to build any vaunt hereon : for oftentimes 
fmall troups of ours, againft farre greater forces of 
theirs, yea (fometimes) after forewarning, and prepare 
ance, haue wonne, pofTefTed, ranfacked, fynged, captiued, 
and carried away tne townes, wealth, and Inhabitants, 
npt onely of their Indies, but of Portugall «nd Spaine it 
fclfc. Which Nombre de dios, S. Domingo^ Cartagena, 
the lower towne of the Croigne, Penecha, the fuburbs 
of Lisbone, and Gales wil teftify, beyond all exception. 
But our Countrymen leaning reafon & example, excufe 
themfclucs by dcftiny. In fatis they fay (& not in 
fatuis) it was, that the Cornijh people ftiould vndergo 
this misfortune : for an ancient prophecy, in their ownc 
language, hath long run amongft them, how there (hould 
laad vpon the rock of Merlin^ thofe that would burn 
Pauls Church, Penfants, and Newlyn. And indeed, (o 
is the rocke called, where the enemy firft ftept on (hore. 
The propheiy is this : 

Ewra 



%s;^M 



- 7t^ fectnd Baeie^ 159 

Ewra teyre a war meane Merfyn 

Ara Lesky Pawle Fenfan% ha Nevilyni 

Not farre from the lands eiide» there is a Ittde v^age, 
called Trebegean» in Englifii, The towoe of t()e jGiants TnitgiM. 
graue : neere wheretinto, and wkhin meriiory (as I haue 
beene informed) certayne workemeo iearcbing for Tynne^ 
difcouered a long fquare vattlf> which oontayned the 
bones of an exceffiue btgge carkas^ and verified this Eti- 
mology of the name. 

At Saint Buriens, a parifh of great circuity and like be- i.BurUns^ 
nefit to the Incumbent, King Atheljiam accomplished 
his vowe^ in founding a Colledge of Priefts, what time 
he had conquered the Sillane Hands. 

Chiwarton fignifyeth, a houfe on the greene lay, and a 
Caftle on a greene hill is giuen by the Gent, of that 
name, who, in a quiet (ingle life, maketh no farther vfe 
of his knowledge gotten in the lawes, during his 
younger age, or that experience, wherewith a long 
courfe of yeeres hath fitheiice enriched him, then may 
XctiA^^ne lucro^ to the aduauncement of publike iuflice, 
or, Jine Jirepitu^ to the adaifement of his priuate ac- 
quaintance. Hee beareth A. a Caftle S. (landing on a 
hill. F. 

Sundry other Gentlemen people that remote quar- 
ter as Lauelis, &c. touching whom I muft plead, non 
Jum informatus. 

Diogenes, after he had tired his Scholers with a long 
Lefture, finding at laft the voydc paper. Bee glad, my 
friends (quoth hee) wee are come to harbour. With 
the like comfort, in an vnlike refemblance, I will refre(h 

S f 3 you> 



V 



7T}e Suruey of Cortrwall. 

you who haue vouchfafed to traualle in the rugged 

and wearyfome path of mine ill-pleafing ftile, that 

now your iourney endeth with the land ; to whofe 

Promontory (by Pomp. Mela^ called Bolertum: 

by Diodorus^ Velerium : by Volaterant^ Hele- 

nium : by the Cornijh, Pedn an laaz : and 

LoMdsiMd. by the Engli(b^ The lands end) be-* 

caufe we are arriued, I will 

heere fit mee downe 

and reft. 

m 



Deo gloria: mi hi gratia. 1602. jiJ>riL 23., 




Tlie Table jof the firft Booh. 
*«u e , fgenerall,inthe firaj^fl^*^'*' 

neth a defcription ) Special,in the 2. book, f Topographical^ 
V containing matters (Hiftoricall. 

Accidents, wherein are deliuered the name & ibape, Fol. i. 

(Climat. 2. 

The quantUte» length and breadth. ibid. 

Borders. . ibid: 

Commodities of the iituation. 3* 

Difcommodities. . 4» 

Temperature. 5. 

Elements. 

Earth aboue, forme, qualitie. . . . .. 5. 

Things of life, growing, and f?«Upi;. ; ^ ; .- - ^ 

Earth vnder,' Mynerals. * . ' . tf . 

Precious, Diamonds, Peark, .si|i<dlvAg^ts. 7. 

Water frefli, fprings, riuers, ponds. z6. 

Therein the fifli..: . .\ r . 29. 

The taking. . » . . i9* 
Sea, things liuelefle : lining, fifli, foule. • .. ^ _ , 

Things of llfe^ growing. . . 

Mats. 18. 

Hearbs.^ . /^ 19. 

^ cdreffing. ' ' .' ' ibid; 

?°5^^» tkindesr . , . .«o. 
Trees for fruit. r :,::.: n; ; ibid. 

Fewcl, timber. \ . \/:.r.z\ | : lu 

things of lifcj feelirtg. / ' 

Wormes. ' ' ' flf. 

f Venery. < stz. 

Beads, ] meat. .--.-..'. 23. 

Cvfe. " :• .- . / '^- *' 24. 

Birds. ^ ibid. 

Sf4 • Minerals. 



Tie Table of 

Minerals. 
Stones for walling, windoWes, couering, pauing, lyme* €. 

Mcttalfl: Tynxic: 7. 

Copper. 6^ 

Siluer and (SokL 7. 

Tynne-u^orks. 

Kindts, Iftdbjr. ft» 

Colour, bignefte, to. 

[Aduentures^ ibid* 

Captaine. iMd« 

Lalnmrtfs^ ibid. 

Manor, tooles. ibid. 

Loofe earth, rockes. ^ i r. 

Conueyance by water, engtae^, Addits. ibid. 

Breaking, ftamping, diryitig, erasing, wafldi^. itnd. 

Blowing. 12.. 

imfMHim. 

Cbarter. 16. 

Officers fupreme : L» Warden, Vice-warden* 1 7. 

l^erior : Stewards, Gaylour. 18. 

luries: great, petty* ibid. 

Witnefles. ibid. 

Or(krf. 

Sharing. 12. 

Plates : Wafire}, Seuerall» i ^^ 

Bounds, doales, meafnre. ibid. 

(in time, 13. n rplaces^ ' ibixL 

(and their \ times. ibid.* 

Poil» 14.3 i Officers. ibid. 

Price by free fale. Preemption. 17* 

Vfary in Tynne : black, white. 15. 

Sea: things liuelejffe. 

Briny, Salt-mUs, Hands, hanens. ^ 26. ^ 

Sand, Ore woods, Shels and Nuts„ Shipping*. . 27. 

4 Sea.. 



the fir fi Booh. 

Sea : things Kuing. 
Fifiif partaker of the freih. 
Therein thq fafluon, flxelly, flat, round. 
Within hauen, ^ 

Their taking, generall and particular*. 
Vpon the coaft. 
Sauing and venting. 
Foule :. eatable^ not eatable. 

Inhabitants: eftate real. 
Priuate: grounds, hpufes. 
Entercourfe : bridges, high wayes, 
Traffike :. markets, fityres. 
Wayghts and meafures. 

Inhabitants: ejiate ferfonaUr. 
Names. 
Language. 
Number. 

Difpofition ancient. 
Difpofition later, of mindf s» holineflc 
Sciences : Diuines. 
Ciuilians. 
Fhificians. 

Statemen, Martiall, Free fchooles. 
Mechanical!. 

Difpofition later, of bodies : ftrengtha* 
Adduity, health. 

I Nobility and Gentlemen. 
Townfmen. 
Husbandmen. 66. Poore». 

Recreations. 
Feafis: Saints, 
Harueft, Church-ale. 
Faftimes of the minde : fongs, 
Guaries. 
Faftimes of the body : Ihooting, 



28. 

30- 
29^ 

SC- 
33- 
35- 

3<J. 

S3. 

ibid. 

54- 

54- 

55. 

57. 

ibid. 

58. 
ibid. 

59. 
60. 

61. 

62. 

ibid. 

<53. 
ibid. 

65- 
67. 

69.. 
68. 
72. 

71. 
72. 

73- 
« 74- 
Wraftling». 



The TM tf/ fie frfi Boole, 

Wraftling, 75. 

Games. ' ■ 76* 

Gouernment,a8 apart of the ReaJmeySpiritual: Aich-bUhop^ 

Biihop» Arch-deacon^ 82. 

PeculLurs. 81% 
Gouernment^asapartof 7 lyr^^ ii Y GomnaBfiderSy %%^ 

the Realmc, Temporal : 5 ^^^^^^ \ porcci, ibid. 

Orders, Forts. 84. 

Beacons, Poails. 85. 

CiuUl Abgiftrates : ludges, J9. 

luftices, M. 

Vice-admirall, Coroners, Garke of the taarket. 87. 

Corporations, . 88;. 

Parliaments. 9q. 

Ciuill Minifters : Conftables, Baylifs, 85. 

Gaylour. 90. 

limits: Hundreds, Franchifes, pariflies. 86. 

Proportions : places to meete, rates. iUd, 



rbe'tndtftbeJkfiTablt. 



7U T(dle of the JecQHd Booke. 



TopograpbicalL 
valln 



d^Ormvaltin geucrall. 96 



Hijloricall. 



Plymmouth hauen. 

kame head. 

Cai^fam bay. 

S. Nicholas J]a&4* ' 

The bridge. 

Mount-Edgecumb. 

WeftStonehoufe. 

Hsmofe* 

Milbrook. 

Infworke, 

Antony. 

Lyner riucr. 

Saltwater pond. 

Banqueting houfe. 

Beggers Iland« 

Bheuiodu 

C^hole. 

S.^ermanes. 

Cuddenbeake« 

Seaton. 

Wotton. 

T^cmaton Caftle, 

Saltafh. 

A(h torre. 

Henpoynt. 

Cargreene. 

Hengften. 

Carybullock. 

Lawhitton* 

Laqcefton. 



Eajl Hundred. pg. 

^. ]Edeecumb. ^^. 

ibid. Kichaurd Adams firange 
ibid, child-birth. 103. 

99. Carew. ibid. 

ibid. Lerchdeacon. 102. 

ibid. AgnesCornifli, her firange 

100. efcape from drowning. 107. 

ibid. Danney. 108. 

Id. S. Germancs Priory, ibid. 

ibid. Kdcewitch. 109. 

\oi. S. Germans chauQCfl ibid. 

ibid. Moyle. ibid. 

104. Smith. no. 

107. La|}gdon. ibid. 

ibid. Fleets from Plymmouth ha-' 

;io^. uen. 

ibid. Carack burned, 
ibid. Trematon befieged. 
109. Bond, 
no. Greinuile. 
ibid. Porter, 
xij. Wa^ham. 

112. Grilling vnderftandingfpeach 

113. by fight. 113. 
ibid. A charitable dogge. ibid, 
ibid. Arundel. ibid. 

115. Roufe. ibid, 
ibid. Treuice. 114. 
ibid. Harris. iid^, 

116. Coringtoo. 117. 
Wrey. ibid. 
Trclawny. ibid. 

Tt2 Stratton 



114. 

ibid. 
III. 
ibid. 
112. 
ibid. 



Tie Table of the fecmd Booh^ 



StrattM Hundred. 



TopograpbicalL 



117. 



IBJloricalL 



Straton towne. 

Bude. 

S. MaryWikc. 



BottreauzCaftle. 
TintogeL 
Dofmeiy poolc. 
Camelford. 



Bodmyn. 
Scarlets weB. 
Temple. 



Eaft and Weft Loa 

S. Georges Hand, 

Liskerd. 

S. Neot. 

S. Kaines welL 

Polpera. 

Fining houfe. 

Hall walke. 



117. Chamond. 118; 

ii3 Arfcot. ibid. 

119. Rempthorne. ibid. 

Thomafin Bonauenture. 119. 



Lefnewitb Hundred. 



120. 



112. 



ibid. lohn Northampton, 
ibid. Earle Richard of Com* 

122. wall. ibid, 
ibid. King Arthur. ibid. 

Boufening. 123. 

Trigge Hundred. ibid. 

123. Perktn Warbeck. 12^. 

126. Childrens forehalfening. ibid. 

127. Sir Anthony Kingfton. i^d. 
Halgauer Court. 126. 
Carnfew. 127. 
Rofcairock. ibid. 

Wefi Hundred. 127, 

ibid. BeuilL 130. 

128. lohn Size, aftrange eater, ibid, 
ibid. Murth. i^i. 

129. Wideflade. ibid, 
ibid. Lower. 1^2. 

131. KendalL ibid. 

igo. Glyn. ibid. 

^32. Mohun. ibid. 

£arlc of Deuons fagot. 133. 

Powder 



Tie Table of the fecond Booh. 



Fowder Hundred. 



Tapografhi$all 

iPoy hauen and towne. 

Trcwardreth. 

LoftwithieL 

Reftormd CafUe. 

Roche. 

The tyde well fpring. 

HainboTOUgh. 

S. Probus. 

Lanhadron. 

Orampond* 

Dudman. 

Rofeland. 

Trcgny. 

Truro. . 

S. Mawes Caftle. 



Padftowe. 
Wade bridge. 
Ninefifters. 
Caftellan Denis. 
S. Ck)loinbs. 
Peran in Sabtilo. 
Bors neeuas. 
S. Agnes Hill. 
Newkay. 



Falmouth. 

Pendenis. 

Ferin. 



Hj/loricall. 

134. Trcffry. 

136. Nicholas of Foy. 

137. Tfeafure non troue. 
ibid. A graue found, 
i^ff. Gallants of Foy. 

ibid^ Ralhleigh. 

ibid. Bone, deafe and dumb. 

140. Hill, 
•ibid. Tremaine. 
ibid. Bodrugan. 

141. Treuanion. 

ibid. Loft withiel cuftbme. 

ibid. 

ibid. 

142. 



Pider Hundred* 

143. Prideaux. 
ibid. Cbfowarth. 
ibid. Trerice. 
ibid. Trenance. 
144. Tredenick. 
1^8. Nants well halfening. 
ibid, 
ibid, 
ibid. 

Kerier Hundred. 

.1^9. Trefufes. 
ibid. Parker. 
150. Killigrew. 
Tt3 



»3H- 



'34- 
»35. 

135. 

137. 
'35. 

136. 
139. 
1^0. 
ibid. 
141. 
ibid. 
137- 



143. 

M3- 

»44- 
145. 

148. 

149. 

«44' 



149. 

150. 
ibid, 
ibid. 
Topo' 



r 



He 7M «/ iie Jec^Hd Booh. 



TapograpbkaU. 

Hailford hanen. 

Hauterdauis. 

Mainamber. 

Helfton. 

Lo poole. 

Meaeag. 



Hi/lmcall. 



150. Carclew, 

151. Ptfnrofe. 
ibid, tlrify. 

152. Saintabyiu 
ibid. Militon. 
ibid. Godolphin* 



Fetmlth Hundnd. 



S.I08. 

The Caue. 

S. Michaeb mount 

Mounts bay. 

Penfants. 

Trebe^n. 

8. Bunens. 

Lands end. 



154. Nants. 
ibid. Pomeray. 
ibid. I^cnre. 

156. Penfants bnrning. 
ibid. Gbinerton.' 
159. 
ibid, 
ibid. 



151- 

ibid, 
ibidi 
ibid. 

«53- 

Ibid. 

154. 
154. 

155- 
iS6. 

JS9' 



F I N I S. 



A N 

EPISTLE 



O F 



» 

Richard Carew Efq; 

CONCERNING 

The Excellencies of the 
Englifh Tongue. 



w 



LONDON, 
Printed in the Tear M.DCC.XXIIL 



, . I . V 



' a 



(3) 




An Epiftle concerning the Excelkncki 
of the Englifh Tongue. 




IT were more fitting (b refpeia of diicfe«- 
tion) that men ibould firfi weigh M^x^ 
ters with ludgment^ and then incUne their 
AfFeftion where the greateft Reafon 
fw^yeth. But ordinarily it fallelh Out 
to the contrafie ; for by CaAonS wo 
firft fettle our Affedliot), and then afterwards draw in 
thc^e Arguments to approve it, which ihould havd ibr^ 
gone to perfwade ourfelves. In this prepoftefous CoiH-ia 
(feeing that antiquity from our Elders and uAiuerfafitic 
of our Neighbours do en^title with a Right) I hold thy^ 
felf the mofe freely warranted deUrarej not onely cum 
vulgo, but alfo cumfapientihuSf in feeking out With what 
Comoyendations I may atti* our £^^/^ Language, as 
'Sufhanus hath dontf for the French^ and diuers of othef 
Nations, for theirs. 

U u Locuti^ 



4 72« Excellencies of 

FourPants Locutto IS defined Aniini fenfus per vocem exprejfio. On 
'•'g[' '« which ground I build thcfc Oonfequences, That the 
\u^ti firft and principal point fought in euerie Language, is 
that we may exprefs the Meaning of our Minds aptly 
to each other. Next, that we may do it icadily and- 
without more adoc. Then fully,, fo as others may 
throughly conceiue us. And laft of all, handfomely, 
that thofe to whom we fpeak may take pleafure in 
hearing us : So that whateuer Tongue will gain the 
Race of Perfcftion muft run upon ihefe four wheelcs, ' 
SIGNIFICANCIE, EASINESS, COPIOUSNESS, 
mA^ SWEETNESS i of which the two former im- 
port a Neccflitie, the two letter a Delight. Now if ' 
lean proove. That our £«^/^ Language for all or 
the mod part is comparable if not preferable to any 
other in ufe at this day, I hope the affent of any im- 
partial Reader will pafs on my fide. And how I in^* 
deavor to performe the fame> this fliort labor fhall 
manifeft. 

Sigm/kan- I. To begin then with the SIGNIFICANCIE qf 
the Englijh Tongue, it confifteth in the Letters, Words, 
and Phrafes. And becaufe the Greeke and Latihe have 
ever borne away the prerogaiiue from all other Tongues, 
they fliall ferae as the Touchftones whereby to make 
our Try all. 

For LETTERS, we haue C more then the Greekes^ 
K and 7* more then the Latines, and Wtnoxc then them 
both, or then the French and Italians. 

In thofe common to thtm and us, we have the ufe 
of the Greek B in our V, of our B they haue none i fo 
have we of their a and e in our Xh» which in the 

wcrdes. 



aii 



the Englijh Tongue. 

worded that and things cxpreffcth both \ but of our t> 
they haue none. Likewife their t we turn to another 
ufe in yield, than they can ; and as for fi,G, and /, neither 
Greekes nor Latines can make ufe of them as we doc in 
thefc Wortls, each, edge, joy. True it is, that we in 
pronouncing the Latine ufe them alfo after this 
manner;. but the fame, in regard of the ancient and 
right Romane dcliucrie, altogether abufivcly ; as may 
appear by Scaltger, Sir Thomas Smith, Lifjius, and 
others. 

Now, for the Significancie of WORDS, as every In- 
diuiduum is but one> fo in our native Engli/h- Saxon 
Language, wc find many of them fuitably cxpr cffed by 
one Sillablc : Thofe confifting of more are borrowed 
from other Nations; the Examples are infinite, and 
therefore I will omit them as fufficiently notorious. 

Again, for cxpreffing our Paffion^, our Interjedions 
are very apt and forcible ; as, finding ourfclves fomc- 
what agrieued, we crie. Ah ! if more deeply, Oh ! if we 
pity, JUas / when we bemoan, Alacke ! neither of them 
fo effeminate as the Italian t>eh, or the French Helas : 
In deteftation we fay Phy ! (as if therewithall we fliould 
fpit) in attention, Haa; in calling, Whowpe i in hollow- 
ing, Wahalowe : all which (in my Ear) fecm to be de- 
riued from the very Natures of thofe feverall AfFcc- 
tions^ 

Grow from hence to the Compofition of Words, and 
therein our Language hath a peculiar Grace, a like Sig- 
'nificancie, and more fhort then the Greekes, for ex- 
ample, in Moldwarpe we exprefs the Nature of the 
Animal ; in Handkercher the thing and the ufe ; in the 
word upright, that Virtue by a Metaphore 5 in Wifdome 

U u 2 and 



l%e Excellencies of 

<n4 Doomfiay^ ip nciany Seateoces as Wbrdt; amf 
fo of the left : &fr I give only a Tafle» that may direct 
0then tQ a. foUer Obiervatioa of what my fodden Me- 
mork can reprefent unto me. It may pa(s alfo the 
Maftcrf in this Signiiicancie> that all the proper Names 
^ our Pv>fJ« do in a manner impprt fomewhat, which 
ffOiQ a peculiar Note at firft of fbme of the Proge- 
])itor9> in pvocefs of time invefted itfelf in a pofTef- 
iion cS the Pofterily, even ae wee fee tho like often be- 
fall to thofe whofe Fathers bare fome uncouth Chriilian 
Names. Yet for ihe moft part we avoid the blemi/h 
gi»C!a to |he Romanes in like Cafes^ who diftinguifhed 
their People by the Imperfedtions (^ their Bodies ; 
from whence grew their Nafones, Laieones, Frontones^ 
Dtntanes^ and fucb like ; however, Macrobius coloureth 
the fame : Yea, &> fignificant are our Words, that 
amongft them fundry fmgk ones ferye to exprefs di- 
vers things ^ as by the word Bill is meant a Weapon,, 
« Scrowle, and a Bird's bcake ; by Grave may be un- 
derftood, fober> burial-place, and to carve 5 and fo by 
Lights o^arke, match, file, fore, and pray,, the Sem«- 
blables* 

Again, fome SENTENCES, in the fame words car- 
rie a divers Sence, as till, dejert Ground i fome fignifie 
ene thing forward and another backward, as Feeler I 
v>as^ noe Foe; which to return with it is. Of one Jaw £ 
releef. Some fignifie one thing forward and another 
thing backward,, as this, Eye^ did Madam erre^ Some 
Carrie a contrarie Sence backward to that they do for- 
ward, as I did level ere vew^ Few ere level did L 

Some deliver a contrarie Sence by the divers point- 
ing, as the Bpiftle in Dr. IVUfon^ Rhetorick, and many 

j^ fucL 



tbe Englijh Tongue. 7 

foch tike, which a curious Mead^ Leifure^ and Time 
might pick out. 

Neither may I omit the Significancle of our Pro«> 
verbs, concifc in Words^ hot plentiful in Number, 
briefly pointing at many great Matten,^ and ander a 
Circle of a few Sillabks prelcrrbing fundrie available 
Caveats. 

Laftly, our Speech doth not confift oncJy of Words, 
but in a fort even of Deeds ; as when we exprefs a 
Matter by Metaphores, wherein the Bogiifib is verie 
fruitful and forcible. 

And fo much for the Significancie of our Language 
in meaning. 

II. Now for his EjiSINESS inlearning ; the fame Eafimfsn 
alfo ihooteth out into Branches^ the one, of others learn- ^'^^w^. 
ing our Language, the iecond, of our learning that oi 
others. F'or the firft. The moft part of oor Words, (a» 
I have touched) arc Monafillables, and fo die fewer in 
Tale, and the fooner reduced to Memorie. l^ither are 
we loaded with thofe Dcclcnfions, Flexions, and Varia- 
tions which are incident to many other Tongues, but a 
few Articles govern all our Yerbs and Nownes, and fo^ 
we read a verie fliort Grammer. 

For eafie learning of other Languages by ours, let 
thcfe kv\z as Proofes \ there are many Italiatt words^ 
which th^ Frenchmen cannot pronounce, accio, for which 
he faith ajhio ; many of the French which the Italian 
can hardly difpencc withall; as Bailler, Chagrin, Poftil-^ 
Ion ; many in ours which neither of them can utter i as 
Hedge^ Water, &c. So that a Stranger, tho' never fo 
long converfant amongft us, carrieth evermore a^ 

U u 3, Watch^ 



fj Tie Excellencies of 

Watch-word upon his Tongue, to defcric him by ; but 
turn an Englijhman at any time of his Age into what 
Country foever, allowing him due refpite, and you (hall 
fee him profit fo Well, tbat the imitation of his Utter- 
ance will in nothing differ from the Pattern of that na- 
tive Language. The want of which towardnefs coft the* 
Ephramites their Skinns : Nithcr doth this crofs my for- 
mer AiTertion of others eafie learning our Language. 
For I mean of the Senfe and Words, and not touching 
the Pronunciation* 

Ctpion/' IIL But I mud now enter into the large Field of our 
""^'' Tongues COPIOUSNESS, and perhaps long wander 
up and down, without finding eafie way of ifTue, and 
yet leaue many parts thereof unfurveyed. 

My firft Proofc of our Plenty, I borrow from the choife 
which is given us by the ufe of divers Languages. The 
Ground of our owne appertaineth to the old Saxon,]in\o 
differing from the low Dutch, becaufe they more than 
any of their Neighbours, have hitherto preferved that 
Speech from any great Forrein Mixture : here amongft, 
the Britons have left divers of their Words inierfperlcd, 
as it were thereby making a continual claim to their 
poffcffion. We may alfo trace the Footfteps of the 
Danijb bitter (though not long during) Soveraigntie in 
thefe parts ; and the Roman alfo imparted unco us of 
his Latine Riches with no fparing Hand, Our Neigh- 
bours the French have been, likewife contented we 
flxould take up by retail, as well their Terms as their 
Fafhions, or rather we retaine yet but fome Rem* 
nant of that which once here bare all the Sway, and 
daily renew the Store. So have our Italian Travellers 

brought 



the Englijh Tongue. g 

brought us acquainted with their fwecte reliflied Phrafe^, 
which (fo that their Conditions crept not in witbalJ)' 
were the more tolhrable; yea even we feek to make 
our Good of our late Spanijh Enimie, and fearc as little 
the hurt of his Tongue, as the dint of his Sword. See- 
ing then we borrow (and that not (hamefiilly) from 
the Dutch, the Britaint^ the Roman^ the Dane, the 
French, the Italian, and Spaniard, how can oor Stock be 
other than exceeding plentifull ? It may be objcdted, that 
fuch patching maketh Littletons Hotch-pot of our 
Tongue, and in effect, brings the fame rather to a 
Babelijh Confufion, than any one entire Language. It 
may again be anfwercd, that this Theft of Words is no 
lefs warranted by the Priviled^e of a Prefcription an- 
cient and univerlall, than was that of Goods among the 
Lacedemonians by an enadtcd Law : for fo the Greekes 
robbed the Hebrewei, the Latines the Greeks, (which 
filching, Cicero with a large Difcourfc in his Booke 
de Oratore defendcth) and (in a manncry. all other 
Chriftian Nations the Latine: For evidence hereof 
many Sentences may be produced coniHling of words, 
that in their Original are Latine i and yet (fave fome 
fmal variance in their Terminations) fall out al one 
with the Frenchy Dutch, and Englijh ; as Ley, cgremonious 
perfons. Offer prelate preeji. Clear candles fiamme, ia 
Temple Cloijlre, in Cholericke Temprature, Cliftcrs 
Purgation is peftelent, Fulers prefervative, Jubtil FaSlors, 
yJdvocates notaries praSiize, Fapers Libells, Regijlers, 
Regent, Magejly in Palace hath tryumphant Throne, Regi-- 
ment. Sceptre, Vaffeh, Supplication, and fuch like. Then 
even as the Italian Potentates of thefe Daycs make 
no difference in their Pedigrees and Succeilions, be-». 

Uu 4 twecn 



lO Hike Exc$llencies of 

tween the Bed lawfull or unlawfully where either in ut« 
terwird or a better defert doth force or entice them 
thereunto : {q may the confenting prai^fe of thefe Na« 
tsons paffe for a juft Legitimation of thefe baftard Words, 
which either Neceffitie or Convenience hath induced 
them to adopt. 

For our owne parts* we employ the borrowed Ware 
(q farre to our advantage^ that we raife z profit of new 
word^ from the fvne Stock, which yet in their owne 
Country are not marchantable. For example, we de- 
duce divers words from the Latme, which in the Latine 
itfelfe cannot be yeelded \ as the verbs, to aire^ to beards 
to croBe^ toflame^ and their Derivations, ayringt ayred, 
heardert bearding^ beardtd^ 6cc. as alfo c/o/er^ ci^/y, chfe^ 
^^Jf^t ghfi^Sfy^ ^^^fy» niojefticallf majefikally. In like 
fort we graf^ upon French words thofe Buds, to which 
that foile afibrdeth no growth s as, chiefly^ fauUie.JlaviJh^ 
precifenejfe. Divers words we derive alfo out of the 
Latine at iecond hand by the French^ and make good 
Englijb^ tho' both Latine and French haue their hands 
• clofed in that behalfe, as in thefe verbes, pray^ pointy 
paze, prefix rent, 6cc. and alfo in the adverbcs, carping/y, 
currant/y, colourably^ aiUvely^ &c. Againe, in other 
Languages there fall out defeats, whik they want 
means to deliver that which another Tongue expref^^ 
fcth, as (by Cicero % Obfervation) you cannot interpret 
INEPTUS, unapt, unfit, untoward, in Greeke. Neither 
VJ^!^ PORCUS,^CAPO, VERVEX, a Barrow Hog, a Ca- 
jignif. pon, a Weather, as Cuiacius noteth *. No more can you 
t Stithi cxprcfle to STAND in French^ to TTE in Cornijh, nor 
CoSf K^^^^ in Latin, (for Nebu/o is a cloudy Fellow) or ia 
/*/. 55, ' Irijb ff whereas you fee our Abilitic extcndcth thereunto. 

More- 



the Englijh Tcngue. ii 

Moreover, the Copidufnefle of our Language appeareth , 
in the diverfitie of our Di8le(fts; for we have Court and 
we have Countrie Englijh^ we have Northerne and Sou- 
theme, groffe and ordinarie, which differ each from the 
other not onely in the Terminations, but alfo in many 
words, termes, and phrafes, and expreflc the fame thingcs 
in divers forts, yet all right Englijh alike. Neither can 
any Tongue, as I am perfwaded, deliver a Matter with 
more Variety than ours, both plainly, and by Proverbes 
and Metaphors : for example, when we would be rid of 
one, we ufe to fay. Be goings trudge, packe, bee faring 
hence, away Jhift i and by Circumlocution, Rather your 
Roome than your Companies lets fee your backe, come againe 
when I bid you, when you are called, fent for, intreated, 
*^illed, defired, invited ; fpare us your place, another in 
yourjiead, ajhip of fait J or you, fave your credit e, you are 
next the doore, the doore is open for you, there is no body 
holdethyou, no body tear es your Jleeve, &c. Like wife this 
word FORTIS, we may fmonymize after all thcfe fa- 
ihions, fout^ hardy, valiant, doughty, couragious, adven-- 
irous, &CC. 

And in a word, to clofe up thefc proofs of our Copi- 
oufnefle, look into our imitations, of all forts of Verfes 
affoorded by any other Language, and you fhall finde 
that Sir PHILIP SIDNET, M. PVTTENHAM, M: 
STANIHVRST, and divers more have made ufe how 
farre we are within compaife of a fore-imagined pof- 
£bilitie in that behalfe. 

IV. I come now to the laft and fwecteft point, of ^w^r/»/^. 
the SIVEETNESSE of our Tongue, which fhall ap- 
peare the more plainely if we match it v^ith our 

Xx Neigh-.. 



12 Tie Excellencies of 

Ncighboures. The Italian is plcafante, but wlihoat 
Sinews, as a ftill fleeting W#tcr ; the French delicate, 
but even nice as a Woman, fcarce daring to open her 
Lippes, for feare of oiirring her Countenance; tht Sfd' 
nijh Majeftical, but fullome, running too much on the 
«, and terrible like the Dcvill in a Play; the Dutch 
inanlike, but wiihall very harfli, as one ready at every 
word to picke a quarrcK Now we, in borrowing from 
them, give the Strength of Confonants to xh^ Italian, 
the full Sound of Words to the French^ the Varietic of 
Terminations to the Spanijh^ and the moUifying of 
more Vowels to the hutch i and fo, like Bees, ga- 
ther the Honey of their good Properties, and leave the 
Dregs to thtmfelvcs. And thus when fubftantial- 
nefle combincth with dclightfullneffe, fuUneffe with 
finencfle, feemlinefle with portlineflTe, aud currantneffc 
with ftaidncfle, how can the Language which con- 
fifteth of all thefe found other than moil full of 
Sweetneflc ? 

Againe, the long wordes that we borrow being in- 
termingled with the (hort of our ownc ftore, make up 
a perfect: Harmonic, by culling from out which Mix- 
ture (with judgment) you may frame yopr Speech 
according to the Matter you muft worke on, majefti- 
cal], pleafant, delicate, or manly, more or leffe, in 
what fort you pleafe. Adde hereunto, that whatifo- 
cver Grace any other Language carrietb in Vcrfc or 
Profe, in Tropes or Metaphors, in Eccho's and Agno- 
minations, they may all be lively and cxadtly reprc- 
fented in ours. Will you have Plato'^ Veinp ? read 
Sir rnOMAS SMITH i the lonicke ? Sir THOMAS 
MOORE ; Cicero s? ASCHAMi Varro t CHAUCER i 
6 De^ 



the Englijh longue. 13 

Demojlhenes ? Sir JOHN CHEEKE 5 * who hath com- • in bis 
. prifed all the Figures of Rhetoricke. Will you read ^T^',? 
Virgil? take the Earle of SURRT; Catullus ? SHAK- ' ' ' 
SPEARE,^ and BARLOJVES Fragment; Ovid? 
DANIEL y Lucan? SPENCER; Martial? Sir 
JOHN DAVIES, and others. Will you have all in 
all for Profe and Verfe ? take the Miracle of our Age, 
Sir PHILIP SIDNET. 

And thus, if mine owne Eies bee not blinded by 
AfFcdion, 1 haue made yours to fee, that the moft re- 
nowned of all other Nations have laid up, as in a Trea- 
furc, and entrufted the Divifos orbe Britannos with the 
rareft Jewels of the Lips Perfedions i whether you re- 
fpe6l the Underflanding for Significancie, or the Me- 
morie for Eafineflc, or the Conceit for PlentifuUnefle, 
or the Bare for Pleafantnefle : wherein if enough be 
^l delivered, to add more than enough were fuperfluous ; 

if too little, I leave it to be fupplied by better Aored Ca- 
pacities ; if ought amiiTe, I fubmit the fame to the Difci- 
pline of eyerie able and impartiall Cenfurer. 



ir;:: 



FINIS. 



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